• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2014

This paper's purposes is to study the effects of the strategic support of top management, the activities of quality management, the quality-oriented culture and the organizational citizenship behavior on business performance for Start-ups. In order to settle quality management activitiesa successfully in start-up companies, Concern and support of Top manangement for the quality is important. Although Top management's commitment to a strong, According to the employee's attitude, the quality performance of company may be much different. the quality performance of company that acceptace attitude for quality management is excellent will increase. And business performance will be affected positively. Also when the company has any problems with the quality, the employee's will trying to solve the problem voluntarily is the important factor for business performance. Through this study, the following statistically significant conclusions were drawn. First, If top management supports the resource strategically for the activation of the quality management, The quality and business performance of start-ups will be improved. Second, If the quality management is activated, The quality and business performance of start-ups will be improved. Third, if quality-oriented culture is matured, the quality and business performance of start-ups will be improved. Fourth, if the level of organizational citizenship behavior is getting higher, the quality performance of start-ups will be improved. Fifth, the quality performance has a mediation effect on the relationship between the quality management and business performance. So when strategic support of Top management, quality management, quality-orented culture and OCB are activated in the organization, the quality performance will be higher than before, so that the business performance will be higher too. To improve the quality performance and business performance in start ups, It is needed to understand the quality management in organization, to implement the quality management constantly. And top management should supports the resource strategically and the employee has to do his best to form quality-oriented culture in the company.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

This study is to identify the influence of major variables that affect the participation intention of securities type crowdfunding investors and how participation intention and perceived behavioral control affect investors' herd behavior including indirect effect analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. The ultimate purpose of this study is to understand the investment behavior of securities type crowdfunding investors and to help the relevant parties to develop various policies and business plans to revitalize the system and protect investors. An online survey was conducted on people who are interested or have experience in securities type crowdfunding to receive a total of 276 responses. Excluding outliers, a total of 261 responses were taken into account for the final analysis. For the data analysis, structural equation model analysis using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 22.0 statistical package was conducted. As a result, two of the major variables of the theory of planned behavior-attitude and subjective norm-have been found to have a positive effect on the participation intention of securities type crowdfunding investors. And after analyzing the indirect effect, the participation intention was found to play a mediating role between attitude, subjective norm and herd behavior. However, the perceived behavioral control presented as a major variable of behavioral intention in the theory of planned behavior showed that the effect on participation intention was statistically insignificant. Instead, it was found to have a direct positive effect on herd behavior. This is significant because it empirically confirmed that even if investors perceive securities type crowdfunding as easy to participate, perceived behavioral control does not seem to have a significant impact on participation intention because securities type crowdfunding is an investment in an early-stage business with a high risk of loss. On the other hand, the study has great significance in that it empirically confirmed that domestic securities type crowdfunding investors perceive the funding progress information provided by the platform as a signal and imitate many other investors, showing herd behavior when they actually make an investment. It is expected that this study will provide meaningful insights for the policy making of crowdfunding supervisory offices and platform operators by empirically identifying major variables that influence the participation intentions and herd behavior of domestic securities type crowdfunding investors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.267-278
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• 2011

This study examines the relationship among stock options, pay equity, organizational commitment. Employees who received stock options tend to perceive their pay more equitable and the tendency shows a positive relationship among the amount of stock options and the equity perception. Also employees who received stock options perceive greater procedural equity, as they recognize stock options are awarded to many employees. However, the perception of stock options was not significantly associated with organizational commitment, turnover intention, and pay satisfaction. In 2003, the study surveyed 115 employees who received stock options in 10 publicly owned Korean firms that introduced stock option plans. The statistical analysis leads to the conclusions as follows. First, as the number of stock options increases, the receiver tends to perceive that pay system is more distributively equitable. Second, as the number of stock option receivers increases, the employees perceive the pay system more procedurally equitable. Third, stock option payments don't ensure that it improves pay satisfaction, turnover intention, and organizational commitment. This study shows a positive relationship that stock options work favorably in terms of pay equity, but the effect doesn't seem to be widely positive. The reason is that the introduction of stock options in domestic firms has been made only recently after the foreign exchange crisis in the late 1990s. More experiments and design issues should be discussed for the future.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.107-122
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• 2004

To correctly plant the value of sex to the juvenile, we cannot overemphasize the importance of the sexual education in schools. Therefore, the study for teachers' consciousness and view of sex is also necessary, because they are subjects of education and role-models of sex of their students. Especially, if teachers are over fifty in age, it is more important, because it is obvious, as they are in positions of managers and directors of education, that their view of sexual value and consciousness are influencing the aim of education and the course of education. Hereby this study was conducted to check their sexual consciousness, attitude, and condition and to prepare for the basic data needed for the development of a sexual education program suitable to them. The methods of the survey of this study are applied by modifying or supplementing those of precedented studies. They are used after analyzing reliance of items according to Cronbach's $\alpha$ figure calculating law, and modifying or supplementing items lower in reliance. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,000 randomly selected from teachers working in middle and high schools in Korea from June 14th in 2004 to June 30th. The survey analyzed 632 questionnaires suitable to it. The outcomes of the survey of this study are like the following: First, the objects of the survey consist of 64.6% men and 35.4% women. Among them, 41.1% are under fifty and the rest are over fifty. As for the periods of marriage, 15.5% are unmarried, 16.3% are under ten years, 18.0% are between ten and twenty, and 50.2% are over twenty. Second, with reagard to sex, 25.6% admit the necessity of a heterosexual friend. 32.0% say that they are conservative to sex. 54.1% are taught sexual education. 67.1% attribute sexual education to nursing teachers. Third, among those who answer that they enoughly know the concept of sex, seenig by age, 25.0% are under fifty and 58.1% are over fifty. Seening by the periods of marriage, 9.2% are unmarried, 28.2% are under ten, 49.1% are between ten and twenty, and 59.0% are over twenty. Among those who answer that they enoughly know the concepts of sexual harassment and sexual violence, seenig by age, in the turns by above-mentioned order, each 47.7% and 76.3%. Seening by the periods of marriage, each 9.2%, 28.2%, 49.1%, and 59.0%. Fourth, among those who answer that "teachers also need sexual education and sexual counsel," by age, each92.7% and 91.4%. By the periods of marriage, each 89.8%, 95.2%, 89.4%, and 92.4%. As a matter of course, we can infer the necessity of the sexual education and sexual counsel for teachers. Fifth, among those who answer that they are satisfied with their sexuality, by age, each 41.1% and 61.3%. By the period of marriage, each 4.1%, 63.1%, 64.1%, and 61.5%. As for the sexual desire like spiritual intercourse, physical intercourse containing sexuality, by age, each 71.9% and 93.5%. By the periods of marriage, each 54.0%, 81.5%, 90.3%, and 93.0%. The survey shows that those over fifty and having long marriage are feeling the stronger desire towards sexuality. Through the outcomes of this survey, a few suggestions are possible: First, it is necessary to check of the teachers' view of sexual value and to study deep about the sexual tendency of them in twenties, thirties, and forties. It is to make them teach their students on the firm basis, and also to develop suitable sexual education and counsel program.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.132-141
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• 2012

This current survey was conducted to examine consumer attitudes toward factors determining beef purchasing and improving distribution systems. The frequency of beef purchasing was shown to reflect social and economic status, where inhabitants in large cities, such as Seoul, with higher salaries showed a higher frequency. In addition, consumers that were in their forties bought beef more frequently than consumers that were in their twenties. Consumers in Seoul and the megalopolis with a monthly income of higher than 200 million won preferred to purchase meat from department stores and discount markets. In contrast, people in small cities with lower incomes tended to buy meat from butcher shops and brand shops. In a question regarding unsatisfaction factors of retail beef, individuals that were in their thirties with a high income had concerns associated with packaging problems. For people under thirty with low income, the consistency of quality and price were the prime concerns. In regards to the beef grading system, consumer response varied between inhabitants, monthly income and age group, where consumers from small cities that were in their twenties and forties with a low income had a negative viewpoint. For the differential beef distribution system, housewives between the ages of 30 and 40 from a small city with an income higher than 200 million won had a positive response; however, a large number of consumers were not familiar with this system. The most demanding beef cuts were in the following order: loin, flank and rib. In addition, the most important factors determining purchasing beef were as follows: price, breed and portion.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 1992

This research was carried out on 1,017 production workers for four months from May to August, 1991, to search more effective management method of their health by grasping their knowledge and attitude on industrial health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. As for general characteristics, 74.2% were male and 25.8% were female among the 1,017 workers. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 38.7%. As for education level, graduation from high school was 58.6%, 61.2% were married, 35.9% owned their house, and workers who worked more than 1 year less than 5 years was 52.9%, workers who worked 8 hours a day was 46.7%, the largest group income level was 60~69 thousand won 21.2%, and the degree of satisfaction with work was ordinary, 45.6%. 2. The degree of recognition concerning occupational diseases was 92.5% at a very high rate. Causes of occupational diseases under the present work field were in order of noise, dust, heavy metal. The largest group of the counterplan for prevention was an improvement of working environment, 62.0%. 3. The major cause that threatens worker's health was poor working environment, 31.4%. As the best method for workers' health management, working environment management was pointed. 4. As for health examination result, the response that it is of use to health management was 53.8%. As for examination method and result, 42.7% responded that they are formal. The practice period was more than once every six months as the largest group, and the highest desire for improvement was that they wants an exact information of the result. 5. 49.3% of the respondents know about the measurement of working environment an the response that the measurement is necessary to improve working environment was 57.9%, and that the results from the measurement were reflected on improvement an management 57.5%. Appropriate period to take a measurement was more than once per six months, 40.2% and per three months, 29.1%. 6. As for safety and halth instruction, 34.5% were educated for both, 38.2% for only safety education and just 4.6% for only health education. 51.9% responded that they had never been educated out of work place. The period of its practice was more than once a month, 39.5% and every three months, 21.3%. 7. The importance of safety and health showed that the one is equal to the other, 59.8%, that the one is more important, 29.6%, and that other is more important, 7.6%. 67.7% said the necessity of a safety and health manager. 8. In spite of more or less health obstacle of work environment, 14.9% of the respondents wanted to overwork to gain an allowance for over-time work, 39.9% didn't, and 40.2% according to condition and state. 9. As the most important cause of industrial accident, 40.2% indicated unsafe behavior. As for the individual protective instrument, 66.1% of all the respondents said they have worn it to protect industrial diseases. 10. As for the degree of understanding of the contents in Industrial Safety and Health Law and Industrial Law of Accident Insurance, an affirmative response was respectively 49.3% and 50.8% and the sources of safety-health information were televisions and radios, 28.0%. Therefore, it is necessary that we do positive working environmental improvement, continuous management and health education's inforcement to increase their health and prevent occupational diseases.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2013

In this study, the teaching-learning materials and the plan using persimmon juice dyeing, which is one of the traditional natural dyeing methods of Korea, were developed for the purpose of inspiring further awareness of our traditional clothing life-culture. A questionnaire was designed to make a survey on the educational effect, and t-test and Kruscal-Wallis test were conducted to test the significant differences between pre- and post-lessons. A correlation analysis between culture awareness and its education awareness was also done. These prototypes were applied to high school Technology Home Economics classes under the theme, 'Making living goods with persimmon juice dyed fabrics'. Examining the changes in students' awareness of traditional images, and changes in their interest and attitude towards learning in those classes led to the following results. First, as a result of applying LT cooperative learning in order for an understanding of the formation of clothing life-culture and the process of persimmon juice dyeing, many original handicrafts with modern sense were created. Second, a comparative analysis between pre- and post-lessons on the change in students' degree of awareness of traditional clothing life-culture and its education showed that students' awareness had risen after the class; the data was collected from three separate sample groups which had been clustered according to their initial degree of awareness, i.e. high, middle, and low, and the group that scored the lowest before the class showed the greatest improvement. Third, feedback surveys on 'Making living goods with persimmon juice dyed fabrics' classes returned with scores greater than 'moderate', thus revealing that the students' concern and interest towards traditional clothing life-culture hae been enhanced through the class experience. Their attitude had also become more positive. Fourth, since learners with more awareness of the traditional clothing life-culture also showed more awareness of the need for an education designed to promote the culture, a positive correlation between the two had been found. As explained above, the teaching-learning materials and the plan that had been developed for this study has caused a deeper understanding of the value and significance of the traditional natural dyeing and clothing life-culture, and has therefore brought about an educational effect that powers idea creation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 2020

This study aims to identify implications for the role of home economics in consumer education in middle schools focusing on building consumer competency. To this end, the content in middle school textbooks of home economics and other subjects, written according to the 2015 revised curriculum, were analyzed. This study examined consumer education content based on the consumer competency measurement index developed by the Korean Consumer Agency, and reviewed different foci presented by subjects. This study also investigated how the knowledge, attitude and practice, which are components of consumer competency, are presented. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, consumer competency content, presented in textbooks of home economics and other subjects, were comprised of citizenship competency(65.3%), transactional competency(27%), and financial competency(7.7%). Second, in terms of content on the consumer's citizenship competency, little attention was paid to consumer rights, revealing an imbalance between responsibilities and rights. Third, despite its importance, the "utilization of information and communications technology" in transaction competency, and "consumer participation" in citizenship competency are insufficiently covered in the home economics. Fourth, social studies was the subject that most extensively covered the content of consumer competency. In terms of scope, home economics dealt with most of the sub-fields. Fifth, even when the same content of consumer competency was covered, it was presented differently by subject. Sixth, there was a lack of connection between components of consumer competency-knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a disproportionately high emphasis on knowledge. In conclusion, this study concluded that consumer education content of middle school subjects is insufficient to enhance consumer competency.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.292-299
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental knowledge and attitude and practices relating to infant oral health care and to promote their motivations to their children's oral health care. Authors interviewed 350 persons in Ilwon-Dong and whose children were between 0 to 36 months old and acquired questionnaire from them. The questionnaire constituted of questions about general knowledge of tooth eruption, methods of oral hygiene care, and opinions about preventive dental visit. The collected data were analysed and compared with other researches. The important results obtained from this study were : 1. Females and highly educated persons had more dental knowledge than males and poorly educated persons. But age and economic status did not affect their level of dental knowledge. 2. Fifty nine percents of respondents thought that tooth began to be formed before birth. 3. Seventy six percents of respondents thought that infant oral health care should begin before tooth eruption, but actually only 63% started oral hygiene care before age one. 4. Seventy percents of respondents used gauze for infant oral care. 5. Fifty seven percents of respondents still gave bottles to their children after they reached age one or more and 55% of respondents never heard of nursing caries. 6. Ninety percents of respondents agreed that carious deciduous teeth need restorations, and 31% of respondents thought that age two is the appropriate time for the first dental visit. 7. Forty seven percents of parents did not think that dental caries is an infectious disease. 8. Only Thirty three percents of parents visited dental clinics for examination and prevention during pregnancy and only 11% of expecting parents were offered dental health care education in pediatric or obstetrician clincs. 9. Information about oral health care was mostly given from baby megazines. 10. Overall parental knowledge about infant oral health care was not sufficient to maintain appropriate dental care for infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1325-1334
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• 2013

The purposes of the study were to assess the multicultural competencies and to identify potential barriers toward improving multicultural competencies of food and nutrition majors at the university level. A total of 500 students were surveyed and 457 responses were analyzed for the study. The multicultural competencies, based on a literature review, included food culture knowledge, multicultural attitude, and multicultural skills. Approximately half of the respondents took a food culture class as a college course. The food and nutrition majors showed positive multicultural attitudes; however, food culture knowledge scores for traditional Korean food culture and 11 other food cultures remained low (average score: 63.7 out of 100 points). In addition, familiarity with cultural foods and knowledge of food-related cultures were not necessarily related. As a result of factor analysis, multicultural skills, required for dietitians, were classified into three factors: professional skills, food preparation skills, and communication skills. Overall, students rated their professional skills the highest and communication skills the lowest. Multicultural attitudes and skills increased with school years, and students who took a food culture class showed significantly higher multicultural attitudes and knowledge scores compared to their counterparts. Economical issues, lack of time, and lack of opportunities for learning multicultural competencies in majors and experiencing different cultures were highly rated potential barriers for improving multicultural competencies. Our research indicates that food and nutrition educators should review their curriculums to incorporate content that encourages food and nutrition majors to learn about other food cultures and improve their multicultural competency. These skills will be critical for food and nutrition professionals in the multicultural age.