• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.56-72
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• 2020

목적 : 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD)의 증상을 완화시키는데 있어 부모 훈련 중재(Parent Training Intervention)의 효과를 분석하고 어떠한 효과가 있는지 그 근거를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 2009년부터 2019년까지 10년간 해외 학술지에 게재된 문헌을 Proquest, Scopus 데이터베이스를 통하여 수집하였다. 검색용어는 (ADHD OR Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) AND (Parent OR Mother OR Father) AND (Training OR Program OR Therapy OR Intervention) AND (Randomized OR Randomised OR Randomly)를 사용하였다. 연구의 질적 평가를 위해 PEDro척도를 활용하였고, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0을 통해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 1차 검색된 628개의 연구를 확인하였고, 최종 20개의 논문을 선정하였다. ADHD 아동에 대한 부모 훈련 중재의 전체효과크기(0.431) 및 부모 대상 중재(0.391), 부모-아동 대상 중재(0.639)는 모두 중간 효과크기로 나타났다. 부모 대상 중재는 ADHD 증상-과잉행동 및 충동성(0.921), 아동 행동(1.075), 아동 정서(0.834)에서 큰 효과크기가 나타났으며, 부모-아동 대상 중재는 ADHD 증상-과잉행동 및 충동성(0.922), 아동 정서(1.335), 반항성 및 품행장애(2.555), 학교 기능 및 사회기술(0.990)에서 큰 효과크기가 나타났다. 이질성 검정 결과 유의미한 결과가 나타나 랜덤효과모형을 선택하였다. 결론 : 부모 훈련 중재가 ADHD 아동의 증상에 미치는 효과를 알 수 있었다. 이는 작업치료사에게 임상적 근거를 제공하기 위한 근거 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 추후에는 국내실정에 맞는 부모 훈련 중재와 관련된 다양한 연구들이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to re-validate the clinical efficacy of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (K-AARS), which is a self-report scale for ADHD in adults, and to determine the clinical utility and cut-off scores of K-AARS. Methods: The participants were 135 drug naïve adults with ADHD and 144 healthy controls. To diagnose ADHD based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, two board-certified pediatric psychiatrists interviewed the participants and completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. K-AARS was applied to all participants. K-AARS comprises six clinical subscales, one impairment subscale, and one driving behavior subscale. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to calculate the cut-off scores of K-AARS. Results: All subscale scores, including six clinical subscale, impairment subscale, and driving behavior subscale scores, were found to be significant in distinguishing adults with ADHD from healthy controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the six clinical subscales were 63.0-77.0% and 66.7-79.9%, respectively. The combined total score of the six clinical subscales, had a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 79.9%. Conclusion: The discriminative power of K-AARS for the diagnosis of ADHD in adults was excellent, and K-AARS and the empirical diagnosis of adults can be useful in diagnosing ADHD in adulthood.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2020

Deep learning (DL) is a kind of machine learning technique that uses artificial intelligence to identify the characteristics of given data and efficiently analyze large amounts of information to perform tasks such as classification and prediction. In the field of neuroimaging of neurodevelopmental disorders, various biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, prognosis prediction, and treatment response prediction have been examined; however, they have not been efficiently combined to produce meaningful results. DL can be applied to overcome these limitations and produce clinically helpful results. Here, we review studies that combine neurodevelopmental disorder neuroimaging and DL techniques to explore the strengths, limitations, and future directions of this research area.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2011

This study investigated the correlation between consumption of sugar intake by fifth grade students in primary schools and development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A total of 107 students participated, and eight boys and one girl (8.4% of the total) categorized as high risk for ADHD according to diagnostic criteria. There were significant differences in the occupations and drinking habits of the respondents' fathers between the normal group and risk group. In a comparison of students' nutrition intake status with daily nutrition intake standards for Koreans, students consumed twice as much protein as the recommended level, whereas their calcium intake was only 60% of the recommended DRI (dietary reference intake). Regarding intake volume of vitamin C, the normal group posted 143.9% of the recommended DRI, whereas the risk group showed only 65.5% of the recommended DRI. In terms of simple sugar intake from snacks, students in the normal group consumed 58.4 g while the risk group consumed 50.2 g. These levels constituted 12.5% of their total daily volume of sugar intake from snacks, which is higher than the 10% standard recommended by the WHO. In conclusion, children who consumed less sugar from fruit snacks or whose vitamin C intake was less than RI was at increased risks for ADHD (P < 0.05). However, no significant association was observed between total volume of simple sugar intake from snacks and ADHD development.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to take around herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China. Methods : A journal search was performed using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2007 to 2012. Key words searched were 'ADHD'. Results : 25 studies were selected. Case control studies showed that herbal medicine treatment reported better results than the western medicine treatment group. 12 case reports reported a significant improvement in herbal medicine treatment for patients with ADHD. Frequently used herbal materials were Rhizome of Polygalae Radix and Rhizome of Acori Gramineri Rhizoma (16 times), Root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (14 times), Root of Rehmanniae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata and Sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf (12 times). Conclusions : There have been many studies regarding herbal medicine for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China, and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the acupuncture therapy about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in China. Methods We searched for the studies on ADHD at China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) from 2011.1 to 2013.8. Results Selected 12 studies were divided into 7 case reports and 5 control studies. 7 case reports reported significant improvements with acupuncture therapy in ADHD. 5 control studies reported results that the acupuncture therapy groups were similar or better than western medicine treatment groups. Frequently used acupuncture points were EX-HN23 (7 times), GV20 ${\bullet}$ P6 ${\bullet}$ SP6 (6 times), G13 ${\bullet}$ EX-HN1 (5 times). Conclusions There have been reported many ADHD clinical studies in China and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study is to take around the oriental medical treatment about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China. Method : We reviewed the 22 studies about ADHD which were published from 2005 to 2006. We selected those studies from CNKI (中國知識基礎設施工程 http://www.cnki.net). Result : We could find 22 studies about ADHD in CNKI from 2005 to 2006. DSM (III-R of IV) was used frequently in the diagnosis of ADHD. Herbal medicines, acupuncture, auricular therapy, moxibustion, chuna treatment, cupping therapy were used in the tre atments of ADHD. Differentiation of syndromes-Eum deficiency, heart and spleen deficiency, Damwha- was important in the diagnosis and treatments of ADHD in TCM. Jang and Bu(the internal organs; 臟腑) concerned in differentiation of syndromes about ADHD were Liver 肝, Kidney 賢, Heart 心, Spleen 脾. Most of studies reported very good results compared with western medicine treatment- Ritalin medication. Conclusion :There have been reported many ADHD clinical studies in China and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary factors associated with characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in upper-grade elementary school students. The study subjects were 397 students, and 52% of total study subjects were boys. The risk for developing ADHD was assessed by using a DSM-IV questionnaire. Boy's ADHD score was higher than that of girls (p<0.001). Subjects were divided into two groups according to the median of the ADHD score in boys and girls. The high ADHD score group showed higher frequency of skipping breakfast and a lower score for good dietary habits, as compared to the normal group. Further, the high ADHD score group showed higher frequency of processed food intake with lower frequency of vegetable intake, as compared to the normal group. These results suggest that undesirable eating habits and frequent intake of processed foods may be associated with higher risk of developing ADHD in elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

Objectives : Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown to display more inhibitory deficits and executive function deficits. This study investigated the treatment effects of neurofeedback (NF) training on executive function by comparing the results of neuropsychological tests of the trained children at pre- and post-training. Methods : Fifteen children with ADHD, aged 6 to 14 years, participated in the study. The NF treatment consisted of slow cortical potential (SCP) training and these sessions took place once a week. The ADHD children performed 20 sessions of NF training within 6 months. Pre-training and post-training assessments encompassed Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Stroop Test, Children's Color Trails Test I&II (CCTT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results : Patients receiving NF training showed significant improvement in visual commission error and standard deviation of auditory response time on CPT ; and total errors on WCST. But there was no significant improvement in the Stroop test and CCTT. Conclusion : SCP training using NF improves the self-regulatory capacities and impulsivity in ADHD patient, especially impulsivity in visual stimulation tasks. This study showed evidence of clinical efficacy of NF on executive function in ADHD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권9호
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• pp.489-493
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• 2021

Background: There is evidence of destructive effects of oxytocin use during labor on neurodevelopment. Purpose: This meta-analysis pooled all observational studies to determine the association between labor induction and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children. Methods: All observational studies (case-control and cohort) were reviewed until September 2020 after searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, the gray literature, and conference proceedings. The pooled odds ratios (ORs), relative ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI (swere calculated as random effect estimates of association among studies. Results: All observational studies were reviewed, including 4 cohort studies including 2,885,743 participants and 3 case-control studies including 51,135 participants (10,961 with ADHD and 40,174 in control groups) with a sample size of 2,936,878 participants. The pooled estimates of OR and RR did not indicate a significant association between labor induction and ADHD among children (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.90-1.35) and (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96-1.24). Conclusions: The findings showed that labor induction is not associated with an increased risk of ADHD among children. However, more studies are needed to investigate the relationship between labor induction and ADHD.