• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare two subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls in their attention using ADHD diagnostic system (ADS), a kind of continuous performance test. Methods : Subjects of this study were 8 children with ADHD-predominantly inattentive type, 28 children with ADHD-combined type and 20 control children. Ages ranged from 5 to 14 years. The Korean Educational Development Institute version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (KEDI-WISC) and the ADS were administered to all subjects to provide measures of intelligence and attention. Results : Significant differences were found in the ADS variables for the three groups. When compared with controls, the ADHD-predominantly inattentive type children scored significantly higher on the omission error at middle stage and later stage and ADHD-combined type children scored significantly higher on the omission error and reaction time at later stage. When compared with the other two groups, the ADHD-combined type children scored significantly higher on the commission error at all three stages. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the two subtypes of ADHD have different features in attention deficit. And there was a possibility that commission error is available variable to show cognitive characteristics of ADHD-combined type than any other ADS variables. Further studies are needed to evaluate this finding.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Methods: This was an 8-week open label study of OROS-MPH monotherapy. The subjects were 113 children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Outcome measures were the Korean version of the parent ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Korean version of the Conners Parent Rating Scale (K-CPRS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement. Side effects were monitored using Barkley's Side Effect Rating Scale. We compared the change-over-time in the mean scores of the outcome measure according to the comorbidity of disruptive behavior disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder. Results: The mean K-ARS and K-CPRS scores were significantly decreased, regardless of the comorbidity. The mean doses of OROS-MPH and dropout rate did not differ significantly according to comorbidity. The OROS-MPH was well tolerated, regardless of the comorbidity. However, children with tic disorder reported a higher frequency of tics or nervous movements between the $2^{nd}\;and\;8^{th}$ week than those without tic disorder. Conclusion: The OROS-MPH is effective for decreasing the symptoms of ADHD, and it is well tolerated, even by patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2008

Objective: School nurses should be knowledgeable about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and have tolerant attitudes to children with ADHD. This study was done to identify school nurses' knowledge about, and attitudes to, ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were the 245 members of a school nurse association in C province in southern part of Korea. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 245 packets mailed to members, 126 (51.4%) were returned, and of these, 122 packets (49.8%) were suitable for data analysis. School nurses in this study lack knowledge about ADHD. Moreover, school nurses reported low tolerance in their attitudes toward children with ADHD. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes in the management of ADHD among school nurses. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that school nurses have limited knowledge about ADHD and its treatment with stimulation medication. Moreover, their attitudes toward children with ADHD were in the low tolerant range. An educational program on ADHD for school nurses need to be developed and provided to facilitate the school nurses' role in assessing and caring for children with ADHD.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on caregiver well-being across various age groups of children diagnosed with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) groups (0-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years). Methods: Utilizing secondary data from the 2022 US National Survey of Child Health, this cross-sectional study involved 2,752 children who were formally diagnosed with ADHD. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Spearman's rank correlation, chi-square tests, and linear regression, conducted using SPSS version 27. Results: The study revealed a moderate positive correlation (r=.35, p<.001) between family resilience and caregiver well-being. Controlling for covariates, family resilience accounted for 25.2%, 21.1%, and 22.1% of caregiver well-being variance in age groups 0-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years, respectively. Additionally, factors like employment status, family structure, and caregiver age showed varying influences on caregiver well-being across these developmental stages. A consistent pattern emerged across these age groups: unemployment and non-traditional family structures were associated with negative impacts on caregiver well-being, whereas older caregiver age positively influenced well-being. Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of age-specific family resilience strategies to improve caregiver well-being and family interactions in ADHD contexts. Investigating these aspects through qualitative studies across various cultures could deepen our understanding of well-being and inform culturally sensitive interventions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how characteristics of ADHD children affect social support for mothers, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, coping, and quality of life. The conceptual model was based on the Lazarus and Folkman's stress-evaluation-coping theory. Methods: Data were collected 208 mothers of children with ADHD. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: The proposed model was good fit for the data based on the model fit indices. Parenting stress, parenting sense of competence and coping directly affected quality of life but characteristics of the children and social support had only an indirect effect. The explanatory power of these variables was 52.1%. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that nursing strategies to increase social support for mothers with ADHD children, lowers parenting stress, improves parenting sense of competence, and guides the parents to choose appropriate coping. In particular, as social support has the strongest influence on the quality of life, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs that utilize social support for parents with ADHD children.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the improvement of two children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) following herbal treatment according to the provision of Shanghanlun. Methods: We diagnosed patients on methylphenidate for ADHD as no. 26 provision in Taeyangbyung, and analyzed the improvement from the medical records, teachers' statements, The Korean Version of Inattentive/overactive with Aggression-Conners Rating Scale(K-IOWA CRS). Results: We found a change in the symptom after Baekhogainsam-tang administration. In the first case, the K-IOWA-CRS score changed from 12 to 8 during the previous 70 days of treatment, however, surged to 21 without Baekhogainsam-tang treatment. The score stabilized to 8 after 49 days later. In the second case, the score changed from 9 to 3 following Baekhogainsam-tang treatment. Conclusions: These cases show behavioral improvements with Baekhogainsam-tang treatment in ADHD children, who were diagnosed with no. 26 provision according to Shanghanlun.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국IT서비스학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.453-458
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to detect early children with hyperactivity which is one of the symptoms of Attention Deficit - Hyperactivity Disorder (:ADHD). For this Purpose, This study used two methods; K-CBCL and observation of children`s behavior. K-CBCL was done online by parents at home. For observation of children's behavior, the school asked children to wear a 3 - axis accelerometer on their wrists. The data from K - CBCL and 3 - axis accelerometer were analyzed and clustered to separate hypersensitive children from ordinary children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmacological treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on motor coordination, using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). Methods: The participants were recruited from April 2015 to November 2016 from the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center and were treated for 3 months with methylphenidate or atomoxetine. The illness severity at baseline and 3 months were scored using the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and/or Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I). A total of 39 children with ADHD (age $8.0{\pm}1.4years$, 36 boys) completed the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) and their parents completed the DCDQ at baseline and 3 months. The paired t-test, mixed between-within analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. Results: The CGI-S (p<0.001), ARS (p<0.001), and fine motor/hand writing (p=0.005) on the DCDQ were significantly changed between pre-treatment and post-treatment. When the participants were divided into those who were suspected of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (n=23) and those who probably did not (n=16), the control during movement, fine motor/hand writing and general coordination scores on the DCDQ showed the main effects for group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The fine motor/hand writing on the DCDQ has a significant main effect for time [F(1,37)=7.31, p=0.010, ${\eta}^2=0.405$] and the interaction effect between group and time was also significant [F(1,37)=4.63, p=0.038, ${\eta}^2=0.111$]. The baseline visual commission error on the ATA is significantly correlated with the changes in the DCDQ total scores (r=0.330, p=0.040). Conclusion: Our results provide preliminary evidence that pharmacological treatment for ADHD improves not only the core symptoms of ADHD, but also the motor coordination. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of the pharmacological treatment for ADHD on the motor coordination.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2006

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 소아청소년들의 아토피 피부염과 주의력결핍과잉행동장애 (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : ADHD)의 관계에 대하여 알아보고, 더 나아가서 아토피 피부염 환자를 MAST 양성 및 음성의 아토피 피부염 환자로 분류하여 ADHD와의 관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구에는 아토피 피부염 아동 69명과 정상 대조군 42명이 참여하였다. 피부과 전문의가 아토피 피부염에 대하여 평가하고 중증도를 측정하였으며, 아토피 피부염 아동을 대상으로 MAST 검사를 시행하였다. 부모용 ADHD 평가척도로 환자군 및 대조군의 ADHD 증상을 평가하였다. 결과: 아토피 피부염 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 ADHD 평가척도의 총점, 주의력결핍 및 과잉행동/충동성 증상의 점수가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=3.35, p<0.01 ; t=6.41, p<0.01 ; t=3.93, p<0.01). ADHD로 정의된 아토피 피부염 환자군 중 과잉행동/충동성 군에서 주의력결핍 군에 비해 중등도의 아토피 피부염 환자의 수가 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. $({\chi}^2=4.74,\;p=0.04)$. MAST 검사에서 양성 반응을 보인 아토피 피부염 환자들에서 MAST 음성 반응을 보인 환자들에 비해 ADHD의 증상이 더 높은 비율로 나타났다. $({\chi}^2=9.82,\;p<0.01)$.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the association of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean populations with functional polymorphisms of six genes dopamine receptors (Ser311/Cys311 polymorphism, Taq1 A polymorphism, and Taq1 B polymorphism in DRD2, BalI polymorphism in DRD3, and promoter -521 C/T polymorphism and exon III 48 bp repeat polymorphism in DRD4) and one gene in dopamine transporter (DAT1). Methods : Participants were 58 children with ADHD and 110 control children. The genotypes were determined by PCR. Results : There was a statistically significant difference in genotype frequency of -521 C/T polymorphism within the promoter region of the DRD4 between two groups. Furthermore, in the male group, both genotype and allele frequencies showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion : Findings of the study indicate that -521 C/T polymorphism in promoter region of DRD4 appears to be a possible candidate gene for ADHD in Korean population.