• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.207-233
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand direct and indirect impact and the paths of community participation and social capital, which affect improvement of single mother's community participation factors, social capital, and empowerment. To accomplish this purpose structural relationships between single mother's community participation factors, social capital and empowerment have been analyzed. For the analysis 420 single mothers, who had participated various types of communities, were surveyed and structural equation modeling had been used and optical theory structure model(χ²=86.851, df=28, GFI=.958, CFI=.944), which explains the structural relationship among the factors, had been chosen. From the result, first, there was differences between empowerment and community participation levels, which is single mothers' community participation factors, of the impact on social capital and empowerment. Empowerment level of community, which was mediated by community participation level and social capital, affected empowerment, in the other hand, community participation level affected empowerment more directly than the impact of social capital. Second, single mothers' community participation factor affected more improvement of empowerment when it mediated by the accumulation of social capital. Third, single mothers' social capital directly affected the most improvement of empowerment. Based on the fact the implications of the study were presented.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Psychological Difficulties Scale of Working Moms(PDSWM). In the first study, 69items and 17 factors of the inventory were obtained based on interview, open-ended questionnaires. In the second study, the on-line surveys from 306 working mom was carried to analyze factor structure of the PDSWM. The final result showed that the 12 factor model with 64 items was appropriate. The third study was collected from 638 working mom and in order to make certain the cross-validity of the inventory, the group was divided into two groups (each group with 319 employees). The results of exploratory factor analyses using data of group 1 showed that the 8 factor structure with 48 items was appropriate. Also the results of confirmatory factor analysis using data of group 2 showed that the 8 factor structure indicated a satisfactory fit. Final 8 factors were as follows: 1) Feeling Apologetic to family members 2) Discrimination at workplace 3) burnt-out: both body and mind 4) Unequal distribution of child-rearing and house chore labor 5) Conflict with the babysitter/grandparents 6) Limit in further strengthening work competency 7) Social prejudice 8) Difficulty being on time for work. The PDSWM was significantly correlated with various criteria such as organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and work engagement. Based on such findings, implications, limitations, and the suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.329-347
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• 2020

When a person suggests an estimate under uncertainty, (s)he tend to rely on the information and number provided in advance. As a result, their final estimate would be assimilated to the initial value. This phenomenon is called "anchoring effect". The present research examined anchoring effects observed in law courts. Sentencing decision of jurors can be influenced by the sentence demanded by the prosecutor. Specifically, this study demonstrated the condition in which anchoring effect would be stronger and practical solutions for lowering anchoring effect. Study 1 demonstrated whether gravity of criminal cases and levels of anchor influenced anchoring effects. As expected, anchoring effect was stronger in a heavier criminal case than in a lighter one. When a low anchor was provided in a lighter case, anchoring effect was stronger compared to when a high anchor was provided. Study 2 examined how emotion affects anchoring effects. The results showed that anchoring effect appeared to be significantly stronger with feelings of anger than of sadness. Study 3 examined the solution for reducing anchoring effects in a court. When activation of selective-accessibility model was prevented, anchoring effects significantly decreased. These results can help solve the problems about juror judgmental bias and contribute to the development of Korean jury trial.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is verifying the effects born by reading-based learning coaching programs on Korean language performance and the psychological variables of middle school students. A reading-based learning coaching program applied alongside a coaching model was developed and presented to first grade middle school students living in a local county-level city. The psychological variables were measured three times: prior to the program, immediately following the end of the program, and one month after the end of the program. Korean language performance was only measured twice: prior to the program and following the end of the program. Results revealed that compared to the control group, the experiment exhibited showed significant improvement in the scores of learning efficacy and self-regulation efficacy after the program. As well, these changes lasted for up to one month after the program. The future time perspective didn't show any significant interaction effects between time and group. The experimental group's performance in terms of Korean language was also significantly improved after completing the program. Based on these results, implications and limitations are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-82
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the personal characteristics of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises(SMEs) CEOs, on innovation behavior and corporate innovation performance, and to verify the mediating role of innovation behavior. To verify the hypothesis of this study, a questionnaire was conducted on 264 CEOs and 563 top managements of SMEs in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. For the analysis of the investigated data, the research model and hypothesis were verified through correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM using SPSS and AMOS. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that extroversion, the personal characteristics of SMEs CEOs, had a positive (+) effect on innovation behavior, and second, openness to experience, the personal characteristics, also had a positive (+) effect on innovation behavior. Third, it was analyzed that the influence of innovation behavior on the innovation performance of a company had a positive (+) effect. Fourth, it was found that innovation behavior had full mediation effects in the relationship between extroversion and corporate innovation performance, but the case of openness to experience was not significant. Finally, the significance, implications, and limitations of the study were described, and suggestions for further study were presented.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the online coaching program on improving eating habit behaviors. The online coaching program was based on the model of habit behaviors change process(Tak et al., 2019) and the success factors on improving eating habit behaviors(Choi et al., 2020), and previous research showing the effects of habit change. Participants were 20 adults, selected through telephone interviews over the age of 19 in the metropolitan area. They were divided into the experiment and control groups, and participated one-on-one coaching program. Data of 17 people were used for the final analysis, and weight, dietary habits, eating behaviors, dietary self-efficacy, self-regulation, and life satisfaction were measured at two times(pre and post). Results showed that there were significant interaction effects between time interval and groups for all the dependent variables except self-regulation and life satisfaction. In other words, there were significant changes in weight, dietary habits, eating behaviors, dietary self-efficacy in the experimental group between time interval, whereas there were no significant changes for the control group. Based on these results, the significance and practical implications, limitations of this research, and suggestions for further research were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-100
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive impact that social value coaching has on employees, specifically highlighting the role of regulatory focus. Based on a coaching model, we developed a social value coaching program and applied it to the employees. We investigated whether the experimental group that participated in the social value coaching program would report higher levels of meaning of work, hedonic job satisfaction, eudaimonic job satisfaction, and job crafting compared to the control group, as well as whether regulatory focus would function as a moderator. We only analyzed the moderating role of prevention focus as promotion focus did not show any moderating effects. The results suggest that the experimental group that participated in the social value coaching program reported significant increases in all of the outcome variables compared to the control group. Additionally, for meaning of work, hedonic job satisfaction, and eudaimonic job satisfaction, the effects of the coaching program was stronger for those with a higher level of prevention focus than those with a lower level of it. Based on these results, we discussed the implications and limitations of this research, as well as suggestions for future research.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2009

Objectives : The current treatment regimens for patients with nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy(MN) are based on steroids or immunosuppressive therapy with the aim of reducing proteinuria and improving outcome. Although these treatments attenuate the deterioration of renal function in MN patients, it has been suggested that all are burdened by significant toxicity. Therefore, more specific and less toxic therapies are needed. This study was to evaluate the effects of Coptidis Rhizoma Extract(CRE) on the MN induced by cBSA in mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 4 groups. One group named for 'Normal' was injected with a saline solution not to be immunized. The rest groups were treated as follows; After mice were immunized with 0.2 mg of cBSA and Freund's complete adjuvant one time every two weeks for 6 weeks, they received intra-peritoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of cBSA daily for 4 weeks. Also, they were divided into 3 groups. The first named for 'Control' was not given CRE. The second for 'CRE-250' was given oral administration of 250 mg/kg of CRE daily for 4 weeks. The third for 'CRE-500' was given 500 mg/kg of CRE. All of mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after the first immunization. We measured a body weight and 24hrs proteinuria as well as serological analysis. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope and an electron microscope. Results : The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria, triglyceride, IgG, IL-6 were significantly decreased in both CRE groups. And the level of IgM was significantly decreased in CRE-250 group. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM and deposition of electron-density were consideraly decreased in both CRE groups. Conclusions : The present study suggests that CRE is highly effective when treating mice with MN induced by cBSA. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by typically distributed eczematous skin lesion with pruritus, lichenification and dry skin. In this study, we performed to assess the therapeutic effects of co-treatment of Chenilyeomgamibang (CGB) and Chenggihaedok-san (CHS, C&C) on the TNCB(trinitrochlorobenzene)-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, characterized by the onset of atopic dermatitis along with an increase the number of inflammatory cells and dysregulation of Th2 cytokines. Methods : Defined amount of CGB was sprayed on mice skin and CHS was simultaneously orally administrated to TNCB treated NC/Nga mice for 5 weeks. The immune cell types were caracterized by flow cytometry using each specific antibody. The amount of Th2 cytokines in serum and splenocytes culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Results : Administration of C&C significantly reduced clinical dermatitis severity including pruritus, edema, eczematous and erythema. Histological findings indicated that the thickening of epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells were dramatically reduced. Flow cytometry analysis showed that infiltrated immune cell numbers of CCR3+, B220+/IgE+, Gr-1+/CD11b+, and CD117+ were significantly reduced in C&C-treated dorsal skin lesion. Furthermore, T cell composition rate in PBMC was also dramatically decreased by the treatment. C&C greatly down-regulated production of Th2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the serum. The down- regulatory effects of C&C on these Th2 cytokines production were also detected in CD3/ CD28 activated splenocytes. Conclusions : These results indicated that C&C is a plausible therapeutic agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis through regulating the Th2 skewed immune system.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the effect of a rise in the global value chain (GVC) on the industry-level efficiency of resource allocation (based on plant-level inefficiency measures) in Korea, with a focus on various channels through which a rise in the GVC can increase competition among firms and thus induce resources to be allocated more efficiently across firms. Design/methodology - We empirically investigate the relationship between the industry-specific importance of GVC and the industry-level allocative inefficiency that is measured as the dispersion of the plant-level marginal revenue of capital (MRK) as in Hsieh and Klenow's (2009) influential model. We compute MRK dispersion for industries sorted by various characteristics that are closely related to firm/industry sensitivity to the GVC. In other words, we compute the average industry-level MRK dispersion for industries sorted by industry-specific importance of GVC and compute the difference between the two groups of industries (higher vs. lower than the median GVC); we also calculate the difference between industries sorted by industry-specific export (import) intensity. This is our difference-in-difference estimate of the MRK dispersion associated with the GVC for the export (import)-intensive industry versus the non-export (non-import)-intensive industry. This difference-in-difference estimate of the MRK dispersion conditional vs. unconditional on firm-level productivity is then calculated further (triple-difference estimate). Findings - A rise in GVC is associated with a decrease in the MRK dispersion in the export-intensive industry compared to the non-export-intensive industry. The same is true for industries that rely heavily on imports versus those that do not (i.e., import intensive vs. non-intensive). Furthermore, the reduction in the MRK dispersion in the export-intensive industry associated with an increase in the GVC is disproportionately greater for high-productivity firms. In contrast, the negative relationship between GVC and MRK dispersion in the import-intensive industry is disproportionately smaller for high-productivity firms. Originality/value - Existing studies focus on the relationship between GVC and aggregate output, exports, and imports at the country level. We investigate detailed firm/industry-level mechanisms that determine the relationship between GVC, trade, and productivity. Using the plant-level data in South Korea, we investigate how GVC is related to the cross-firm MRK dispersion, an important measure of allocative inefficiency, based on Hsieh and Klenow's (2009) influential economic theory. This is the first study to provide plant-level evidence of how GVC affects MRK dispersion. Furthermore, we examine how the relationship between GVC and MRK-dispersion varies across export intensity, import intensity, and firm-level productivity, providing insight into how GVC can affect firms' exposure to competition in the global market differently depending on market conditions and thus generate trade-related productivity gains.