• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1998

In order to review the clinicopathologic characteristics of the thyroid cancer associated with benign thyroid disease, we evaluated 47 patients treated between January, 1993 and September, 1997 at the Chonnam National University Hospital. In those period, we had operated a total of 690 thyroidectomy of which 320 were diagnosed as thyroid cancer. Forty three(91.4%)occurred in women and four(8.5%)occurred in men. The mean age at operation was 46.7years(range, 15 to 76 years). Forty three of the 47 cancers(91.4%) were papillary carcinomas while 4(8.5%)were follicular. Twenty four of the 47 patients (51%) were occult thyroid carcinomas measured less than 1 cm in diameter. The concurrent benign disease were nodular goiter(n=17), Hashimoto's thyroiditis(n=16), follicular adenoma(n=10), Graves' disease(n=2) and diffuse hyperplasia(n=2). Thirty one patients were diagnosed by preoperative FNAC and they underwent total thyroidectomy. Three were diagnosed by frozen section examination at the time of operation. Among them, one underwent total thyroidectomy and two underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Eight cases revealed lymph node metastases and 2 cases extended to surrounding muscles. In conclusion, concurrent thyroid cancers and benign thyroid disease are not uncommon and a regular ultrasonic follow-up with selective aspiration cytologic examination is recommaned to enhance their diagnostic accuracy.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1996

The voice of aged persons is known generally to be somewhat different from that of other adults, suggesting that laryngeal change occurs with advancing age. However, because knowledge of the voice characteristics of aged persons is limited, it is difficult to judge whether their voices arc normal. Chart review and laryngoscopic examination from ninety-one patients with hoarseness over the age of 60(1st group) and one hundred sixteen patients with hoarseness below the age of 50(2nd group) were done to define aging related voice disorders. The following results were obtained. 1) Associated diseases related to laryngeal disease were hypertension(12%), pulmonary disease(4.4%), thyroid disease(1.1%) in 1st group and hypertension(9.5%), thyroid disease(1.7%) in 2nd group. 2) The underlying diseases causing hoarseness in order of frequency were benign vocal fold lesion(37.7%), inflammatory disease(36.8%), functional dysphonia(17%) in 1st group and benign vocal fold lesion(43.6%), functional dysphonia(26.3%), inflammatory disease(16.5%) in 2nd group. 3) In stroboscopic findings, atrophy and sulcus of vocal cords are more prevalent in males than in females and edema of vocal cords is more common in females. Generally the voice characteristics of aged persons depend on the mass of the vocal folds which may be decreased through atrophy or be increased by edema. However, other factors such as systemic diseases, drug side effects and compensatory mechanism to presbylaryngis must be taken into account in diagnosing and treating voice disorders in aged persons.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.26-28
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• 2013

Thyroid hemiagenesis is rare congenital anomaly that one lobe of thyroid fails to develop. It is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally with other thyroid disease such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, multinodular goiter, benign adenoma and cancer. Most cases reported are left thyroid lobe agenesis and occurred in female. Compensatory hypertrophy occurs in most cases. Many cases are asymptomatic and detected incidentally, so awareness of its existence can help its detection and proper treatment. Here, we report a case of thyroid hemiagenesis accompanying hypothyroidism with a review of literature.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2010

Objectives：There are various reports for incidence and risk factors of hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. The reported incidence rate varies from 5.0 to 41.9%. Moreover, there are few reports about this in Korea. So, our objective is to identify the incidence and possible factors contributing to hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy in Korea. Subjectives and Methods：We reviewed medical records of patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy between 1999 and 2007 years. We enrolled 80 patients. The incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism was based on thyrotropin values and clinical symptoms. And all patients were evaluated for age, gender, serum thyrotropin(TSH) levels, serum free T4, weight of resected thyroid tissue and associated thyroiditis. Results：Nine of 80 patients(11.3%) became biochemically hypothyroid postoperatively. Six of 9 hypothyroid patients were diagnosed within 2 months of operation. The mean preoperative TSH level was $2.12{\pm}0.96mIU/L$ in hypothyroid and significantly different from $1.33{\pm}0.77mIU/L$ in euthyroid patients(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight of resected thyroid tissue, preoperative free T4 and associated thyroiditis. Conclusion：A minority of patients became hypothyroid after hemithyroidectomy. Hypothyroidism following hemithyroidectomy occurred in patients with higher preoperative TSH levels.. The screening test for postoperative hypothyroidism should be performed from month to year after operation.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 1998

Objective: Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleoprotein polymerase associated with cellular immortality, is expressed by most malignant cells and is inactive in most normal somatic cells. The assays of telomerase activity in various tumors have provided both diagnostic and prognostic information. This study was carried out to determine whether telomerase activity could be useful in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid diseasees. Materials & Methods: Telomerase activity was determined using Oncor $TRAP_{EZE}^{TM}ELISA$ Telomerase Detection Kit for performing PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay followed by ELISA detection in both normal and tumor tissues of 23 adenomatous hyperplasias, 12 follicular adenomas, 4 follicular carcinomas, 16 papillary carcinomas, 4 Hashimoto's thyroiditises and 3 malignant lymphomas. We also examined all cases microscopically to review the status of lymphoid infiltrate. Results: Of the 62 cases, extensive lymphoid infiltrates were contained in 20 tumor tissues(4 Hashimoto's thyroiditises, 3 malignant lymphomas, 6 adenomatous hyperplasias and 7 papillary carcinomas), all of which showed positive telomerase activity. All the normal tissues without lymphoid infiltrates(n=43) did not express telomerase activity. Of 42 tumor tissues without lymphoid infiltrates, 37(88.0%) showed positive telomerase activity: 13 of 17 adenomatous hyperplasias(76.5%), 11 of 12 follicular adenomas(91.7%), 4 of 4 follicular carcinomas(100.0%) and 9 of 9 papillary carcinomas(100.0%). Conclusions: Our methods showed high sensitivity in the detection of telomerase activity and the exclusion of lymphoid infiltrates may be important in telomerase assay. In our work, the measurement of telomerase activity was not useful in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7425-7432
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• 2014

Aim: To investigate the expression of protein kinase $CK2{\alpha}$ ($CK2{\alpha}$) in human thyroid disease and its relationship with thyroid cancer metastasis. Materials and Methods: Using immunohistochemistry we measured the expression of $CK2{\alpha}$ in 76 benign and malignant human thyroid cancer tissues, including 10 pairs of papillary carcinoma tissues with or without lymph node cancerous metastasis and similarly 10 pairs of lymph nodes. Results: The expression of $CK2{\alpha}$ was found to be higher in thyroid carcinoma cases (papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and medullary carcinoma) than in ones such as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, nodular goiter and adenoma. These findings were also confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. More strikingly, elevated expression of $CK2{\alpha}$ in thyroid papillary carcinoma tissues was not only significantly associated with lymph node cancerous metastasis and clinical stage of thyroid cancers; but also correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and high tenascin C (TNC) expression. In addition, EMT and high TNC expression in thyroid carcinoma tissues was significantly associated with lymph node cancerous metastasis. Conclusions: Elevated expression of nuclear $CK2{\alpha}$ is a poor prognosis indicator in lymph node cancerous metastasis of human thyroid cancers.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 1992

Ten patients with $H\"{u}rthle$ cell tumor of the thyroid gland from Dec. 1987 to Sep. 1992 were reviewed to delinate an acceptable policy of treatment. Patients varied from age 23 years to 66 and consisted of nine females and one male, most of whom had an asymptomatic solitary cold nodule. Four patients had benign neoplasm and six patients had malignant neoplasm proven by capsular or vascular invasion or nodal metastasis. Associated thyroid lesions occurred in five patients, three adenomatous goiter, one Graves' disease and one follicular cell carcinoma. Surgery consisting of lobectomy and isthmectomy in four patients, bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy in one patients, total thyroidectomy in five patients. Lymph node dissection was not performed. Only one patient was experienced transient hypocalcemia. The period of observation varied from 15 to 58 months(mean, 30.5 months). Although our case was small and short follow up period, there were no recurrences or deaths. We suggested early aggressive surgical approach was appropriate because of lower recurrence rate and fewer operation, high bilateralism, lower surgical complication.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3477-3482
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• 2016

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and exact causes remain unknown. The role of CYP450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in cancer initiation and progression has been investigated. The aim of this work was to analyze, for the first time, CYP1A1 gene expression and its relationship with several clinicopathological factors in Mexican patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Real-time PCR analysis was conducted on 32 sets of thyroid tumors and benign pathologies. Expression levels were tested for correlations with clinical and pathological data. All statistical analysis were performed using GraphPad Prism version 3.0 software. Results: We found that female gender was associated with thyroid cancer risk (P<0.05). A positive relationship was identified between CYP1A1 mRNA levels and the presence of chronic disease, alcohol use, tumor size, metastasis and an advanced clinical stage (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that CYP1A1 gene expression could be used as a marker for thyroid cancer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2008

Anorexia is a common symptom in the elderly patients. Causes of anorexia in the elderly are very diverse and multifactorial. Causes include physiological changes associated with aging, mental disorders such as depression, anorexia tardive, dementia, medical diseases such as cancer(lung and gastrointestinal cancer), benign gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac disorders, pulmonary disease, thyroid disorders, infection. Medications such as digoxin, theophylline have also been implicated in the problem. No cause is found in about one quarter of patients. Management is directing at treating causes and providing nutritional support. In Oriental medicine, the appetite has close relation to Biwi. The main cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Biwi. The physiology of Biwi is that Bi sends clarity(food essence) upward and Wi sends digested food downward. Specially if the physiologic function of Wi is disordered by various factors, Wi cannot send digested food downward. As a result, the anorexia can present by the disorder of Wi function. We experienced a case of an 74 years old female patient with ill-defined severe anorexia differentiated as Wijoongheohan. The patient was managed with fluid therapy and Jeonghyangsiche-tang. The anorexia and other symptoms improved continuously during hospitalization.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 2016

폐암은 전세계적으로 높은 발병율과 사망률을 보이는 암종으로 소세포암종과 비소세포암종으로 구분되어지며, 비소세포암이 75-80%를 차지하고 있다. miR-155의 유전자의 과 발현은 갑상선암, 유방암, 대장암, 자궁 경부암, 췌장선암(PDAC), 폐암 등의 고형암에서 관찰된다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 폐암 환자의 조직에서 특이적으로 발현되는 miRNA의 양상을 양성 폐질환자 와 비교 분석하고, 폐암환자의 임상병리학적 특성과의 상관성을 분석하여 miRNA가 암 진단의 생물표지자로서의 가능성을 조사하여 향후 암의 조기 진단 및 치료, 예후 연구에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 파라핀 포매 된 비소세포폐암환자 및 양성 폐 질환자의 블록에서 total RN를의 분리하여, 정량 실시간연쇄중합반응을 통해 miR-155의 발현량을 정량 분석을 실시하였으며, miR-155의 발현과 폐암환자의 임상적 특징과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 폐암 환자군과 양성 폐질환자의 miR-155의 △Ct 값을 분석한 결과 폐암환자군에서 유의하게 높게 발현되었다(p<0.001). 병리조직학적 분류에 따라서는 편평상피세포암종에서 선암종에 비해 높게 발현되었다. 분화도에 따라서는 저분화 암에서 고분화암에 비해 유의하게 높게 발현되었다(p=<0.001). 또한 miR-155의 과발현은 림프절 전이와도 통계적으로 유의성 나타내었다(p<0.05). 생존분석결과 miR-155의 과발현은 폐암환자의 생존률과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과로 miR-155의 발현은 폐암의 진행 및 전이에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되며, 폐암의 조기진단과 예후의 예측을 위하여 보다 다양한 종류의 miRNAs에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.