• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

In Korean, 'Aspiration Merger' is the result of the heteromorphemic sequence of lenis stop and /h/ becoming a single aspirated stop word-medially. However, the contrast between lenis stop-plus-/h/ and an underlying aspirated stop is maintained when they span Phonological Phrase boundaries. By varying the position in the prosodic domain such as APP (Across Phonological Phrase) and PPM (Phonological Phrase Medial) positions, the phonetic properties of the two categories are compared. In the results from noise duration and change of intensity, lenis stop-plus-/h/ show a large difference between the APP and PPM positions. The results from a noise duration comparison show that the two categories are completely neutralized into aspirated stop in the PPM position and the complete neutralization is sensitive to prosodic phrasing.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2018

This study aimed to show that Selkirk's concept of resyllabification offers a better analysis than Kahn's ambisyllabification to account for phonetic resyllabification. We conducted two production experiments to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the English /s/ in real words and nonce words. Ten English native speakers and six English native speakers participated in experiment 1 and experiment 2, respectively. Three acoustic cues - frication duration, center of gravity and aspiration duration of word-medial /s/ - were measured. We found that these three cues of the word-medial /s/ were realized significantly differently depending on the stresshood and openness of the preceding syllable. We preferred Selkirk's resyllabification to Kahn's ambisyllabification to explain this result because the word-medial and intervocalic /s/ behaved as the coda (as opposed to the onset) when the preceding syllable was stressed and open. The result thus suggested that two conditions must be met for the resyllabification rule to apply in English: a word-medial consonant is resyllabified only when its preceding syllable is stressed and open.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2000

Although Korean stops and affricates show a three-way contrast of phonemes into lax, tense and aspirated, Korean fricatives have only two types, so-called 'lax' and tense. Considering that all the other obstruents maintain a three-way distinction but fricatives, it might be interesting to investigate whether the lax fricatives are really 'lax' in their phonetic and phonological realizations, as assumed. From an acoustic analysis, I found that Korean lax fricatives had a heavy aspiration along with a high pitch for the following vowel, being more comparable to the aspirated category. By contrast, their durational properties were found to be short, or lax-like. In other words, Korean lax fricatives are phonetically neither lax nor aspirated, but both. This dual nature of the lax fricatives takes a better account of the fact that why lax fricatives are subject to tensification, but not aspiration phonologically. Is that simply because there is no aspirated fricative in Korean? I suggest that Korean lax fricatives undergo tensification because of their being short in duration, and that they are not subject to the aspiration rule because they are indeed aspirated sounds.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2005

목적: 낭액의 흡인 후 견 봉합사로 배액을 유도하는 방법이 만성 슬개골전 점액낭염의 조기 치료로써 효과가 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2주 이상의 병력이 있는 슬개골전 점액낭염 환자 중 1년 이상 추시가 가능했던 12명을 대상으로 하였으며, 추시기간은 평균 18.3개월이었고, 증상 발현 후 본 시술까지의 기간은 평균 2.2개월이었다. 무균적 방법으로 척수액 천자용 또는 주사용 주사침으로 점액낭을 천자하고, 주사침을 통해 7번 견 봉합사를 삽입하였다. 시술 후 최소 1년에 재발, 감염, 통증 및 관절 운동 제한 유무를 조사하였다. 결과: 전례에서 봉합사의 삽입 부위에 발적이 발견되었으나 11예에서 발사 후 소실되었고, 1예에서는 시술 5일에 감염이 발생하였다. 92%의 환자에서 만족의 결과를 얻었으며, 치료기간은 평균 14.5일이었다. 결론: 점액낭의 천자 흡인 후 견 봉합사로 배액을 유도함으로써 만성 슬개골전 점액낭염을 치료하는 방법은 효과적이고 비교적 비침습적인 방법이다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 산출실험을 통해 발화속도와 한국어의 분절음의 지속시간 및 포만트 특성과의 관계와 모음의 지속시간과 포만트 간의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 빠른 발화일수록 음절 및 자음과 모음의 지속시간은 짧게 나타났으며 대부분의 화자에서 폐쇄음의 폐쇄구간 대 기식구간의 비율이나 한 음절 내의 모음 대 자음 지속시간의 비율은 발화속도의 영향을 받지 않는 반면 일부 화자들은 발화속도의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 발화속도의 영향을 받는 화자들에서 폐쇄음의 경우 폐쇄구간이 기식구간보다 영향을 더 받으며 음절의 경우 모음이 자음보다 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 발화속도와 모음의 포만트값과의 관계 분석 결과 발화속도가 모음약화에 영향을 미치는 정도가 화자간에 차이를 보였으며 이는 화자마다 모음의 포만트값 구현에 관하여 다른 발화기재를 이용하고 있다는 것을 간접적으로 시사해주는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 발화속도의 증가에 따라 조음기관의 움직임의 속도를 증가시키는 화자가 있는 반면 발화속도의 변화에 관계없이 일정한 속도를 유지하는 화자가 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.300-302
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• 2005

The authors report a case of hyperacute, massive hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia with severe midline shift that was treated successfully by the ultrasound-monitored free hand aspiration technique. Every effort was made to shorten time until removal of considerable amount of the hematoma and minimize duration of cerebral herniation, avoiding additional irreversible neurological deficit. A burr hole aspiration technique was preferred to standard craniotomy procedure, and any time-consuming procedures such as stereotactic frame application were abandoned. A burr hole was localized on the basis of computed tomography images simply and quickly with a ruler, and safety of the aspiration procedure was augmented by real-time ultrasound monitoring. Such minimally invasive technique relieved cerebral herniation successfully while avoiding time consumption and the morbidity of major craniotomy procedure. Early resuscitation of the patient with cerebral herniation in this case resulted in excellent recovery of the patient's neurological deficit. The patient's mentality started to improve rapidly and was clear six months after the surgery.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.70-83
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• 1997

We made a selection of engine operating conditions in the natural aspiration type diesel engine as load and speed. The effects on the power, smoke emission and cylinder pressure characteristics of these variations in operating conditions were observed experimentally. Also, the smoke emission was predicted by using the Arrhenius equation and empirical equation of the smoke emission was made. At the same time, the correlations, between the combustion and smoke emission characteristic were examined. From the above results, it is clear that to prevent power dropping and to decrease exhaust fume whin the conditions are changed, one should improve the intake system. To do this, the best way is to lower the air-fuel mixing ratio. We found that the parameters of the indicated mean effective pressure, maximum pressure and its location and combustion duration, etc. change the motion in accordance with the conditions described above. Also, we found that the variation of the pressure cycle comes from an amplified variation of the early part of process. From the analysis of comparing combustion and exhaust fume, the exhaust fume is produced at the latter time of combustion and decreased when the combustion ratio is higher. Also, we developed a special formula which can predict the exhaust fume value according to the engine load and speed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1990

The reaction rates, duration times and neutralizing capacities of the antacids which are frequently used in Korean market and three different commercial combination products were evaluated in vitro by Fuchs method and Johnson-duncan method, respectively. In vivo tests of combination products were determined in the fasted state of rat by Aspiration method. Comparing the result of in vitro test with that of in vivo test, the maximal pH was lowered by 2-3 value and the durational time increased by two folds in vivo test. Each antacid composition and combination products from three phamaceutical companies (A, B, and C) were studied, respectively. The duration times measured by Fuchs method were double compared to those by Johnson-Duncan method. A and C preparation maintained the pH range from 3 to 7 for 60 min by Fuchs method. In vovo test, maximum pH of A, B and C preparation was 6.50, 3.65, 2.65 and duration time of those was 200, 500, 0 min, respectively.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

Background and Objectives: Since intractable aspiration in patients with impaired protective function of the larynx often results in multiple episode of aspiration pneumonia, repeated hospitalizations and expensive nursing care. The authors reported the preliminary results of laryngotracheal separation(LTS) in patient with chronic intractable aspiration. The purpose of this study was to report the follow up results of patient outcome with the LTS. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 15 patients who underwent LTS between 1996 and 2006 was conducted. Ages ranged from 3 to 72 years. Results: Eight patients had morbid aspiration as a consequence of acquired neurologic injuries and seven patients with congenital neurologic injuries. Two patients had a postoperative fistula, which was well controlled with local wound care. Following LTS, aspiration was effectively controlled in all patients and eight were able to tolerate a regular diet. Conclusion: LTS is a low-risk, successful, definitive procedure which decreases the potential for aspiration, pulmonary complications, duration of hospitalizations and increases quality of life, especially in patent with irreversible upper airway dysfunction and poor speech potential.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 1995

From 1991 to 1994, we experienced 24 cases of neonatal pneumothorax who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit[NICU , Chosun University Hospital. The Following results were obtained.1 The incidence of neonatal pneumothorax was 0.70%, and there were 8 spontaneous pneumothoraces and 16 secondary pneumothoraces. 2 The clinical manifestation of neonatal pneumothorax was as followed. Male infant was dominant[M:F=2:1 , the onset was within 24 hours in the majority[83% , and the right side[62% was more frequent than the left side. The gestation duration and birth weight show no correlation with underlying neonatal pneumothorax. The pulmonary diseases were meconium aspiration syndrome and hyaline membrane disease, and the incidence of those was 58%. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurred earlier than hyaline membrane disease. Symptoms and signs were tachypnea[46% , cyanosis[21% , irritability[13% , chest retraction[8% and apnea[8% .3 The treatments performed were oxygen therapy[17% , thoracentesis[4% and closed thoracostomy with underwater seal drainage[79% . The Mean duration of air leakage was 11.7 hours, and the mean drainage time was 4.35$\pm$1.3day. 4 The overall hospital mortality was 33%, and the rate of complication was 46%. The complications were metabolic acidosis, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumonia. We concluded that the prognosis was related to the underlying pulmonary disease.