• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

본 연구는 Asp. terreus ATCC 20542 변이주로부터 lovastatin 생합성 유전자 중 polyketide 생합성 유전자 등을 이용한 PCR법으로 Aspergillus sp. 이외의 statin계열 물질 생산균주의 탐색법 구축 및 lovastatin 대량생산을 하고자 하였다. Lovastatin 생합성 유전자 중 가장 중요한 유전자인 polyketide synthase gene와 diketide synthase gene로부터 각각의 primer를 제작하여 PCR을 이용한 lovastatin 생산 균주를 탐색하였다. 선발된 7개의 균주의 형태학상의 특성 및 lovastatin 생산성을 검토한 결과 Aspergillus sp. 이외의 Penicillium sp.으로 추정되는 균주를 재선발하여 SJ-2로 명명하였다. 선발된 SJ-2는 액체배양 및 고체배양을 한 후 추출하여 TLC와 HPLC를 통하여 각각의 lovastatin 생산량을 비교, 검토하였다. 또한, SJ-2에 대두를 이용하여 lovastatin 고생산성을 확인한 결과, 대두-전배양체를 $30^{\circ}C$, 1시간동안 열처리하여 접종하여 본배양 15일째에 가장 높은 lovastatin을 생산할 수 있었다. In vitro assay 결과에서는 HMG-CoA reductase에 대한 저해활성도가 75%로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존의 lovastatin 탐색법으로 널리 알려져 있는 bioassay법이 아닌 lovastatin 생합성 유전자를 이용하여 PCR을 통한 lovastatin 생산균주의 탐색이 신속하고 효과적인 방법으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1557-1565
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• 2016

Itaconic acid (IA) is a dicarboxylic acid included in the US Department of Energy's (DOE) 2004 list of the most promising chemical platforms derived from sugars. IA is produced industrially using liquid-state fermentation (LSF) by Aspergillus terreus with glucose as the carbon source. To utilize IA production in renewable resource-based biorefinery, the present study investigated the use of lignocellulosic biomass as a carbon source for LSF. We also investigated the production of fumaric acid (FA), which is also on the DOE's list. FA is a primary metabolite, whereas IA is a secondary metabolite and requires the enzyme cis-aconitate decarboxylase for its production. Two lignocellulosic biomasses (wheat bran and corn cobs) were tested for fungal fermentation. Liquid hydrolysates obtained after acid or enzymatic treatment were used in LSF. We show that each treatment resulted in different concentrations of sugars, metals, or inhibitors. Furthermore, different acid yields (IA and FA) were obtained depending on which of the four Aspergillus strains tested were employed. The maximum FA yield was obtained when A. terreus was used for LSF of corn cob hydrolysate (1.9% total glucose); whereas an IA yield of 0.14% was obtained by LSF of corn cob hydrolysates by A. oryzae.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2020

This case describes outbreaks of acute aspergillosis in a red-crowned crane. A six-month-old, male, crane had showed clinical signs (i.e. anorexia, performance loss, ruffled feathers and drooped wings and open mouth breathing, etc.) before death. In necropsy examination, spherical to oval nodules disseminated from the respiratory tract to other organs. Those nodules were formed predominantly in air sacs, lung, peritoneum, serosa of esophagus and trachea. The nodules varied in size from 1 mm to over 1cm and the color was white to yellow. Microscopically, most of lung architecture were replaced by multiple foci which were characterized by well demarcated eosinophilic and karyorrhetic debris and surrounded by numerous Inflammatory cell. Most within necrotic center of the nodules, large numbers of fungal hyphae were present. Microbiology result indicated fungal growths on sabroud dextrose agar and bacterial growths on blood agar. Bacteria identified as E. rhusiopathiae using MALDI-TOF (microflex, BRUKER, USA) and fungi identified as A. fumigatus, A. terreus by sequencing the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. To confirm the route of infection, we checked the existence of the same pathogens in cohabitant (i.e. mother crane). The young age and weakened immunity (i.e. bacterial infection, etc.) causes fatal aspergillosis in birds.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2002

Fifty cases of dermatomycoses were recorded from adult male and female at Qena Gvernorates. These included tinea capitis(62% of total cases), tinea corporis(20%), tinea versicolor(12%) and tinea unguium(6%). Males are more susceptible to all cases of tinea than females. Thirty-one species and 2 varieties belonging to 16 genera were recovered from several infection sites. These were identified as Aphanoascus fulvescens, A. terreus, Arthroderma fulva, A. obtusa, Trichophyton rubrum and T. soudanense. Several saprophytes were also found. These were : Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Cochliobolus lunatus, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. citrinum. Twenty-one isolates were able to hydrolyze gelatin with variable capabilities. T. rubrum was the most active protease producer. The maximum production of protease was obtained at 8 days of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ in Sabouraud's basal medium with maltose as a carbon source and pepton as a nitrogen source. The optinal pH for the maximum production of protease was pH 6.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.184-187
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• 2002

Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent, which plays a role of an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA). When thiamine was supplemented in 3L batch fermentation, the production of lovastatin was improved. At the same time, the levels of pyruvic acid and NAD(P)H were estimated in the course of the fermentation of A. terreus. For the high level production of lovastatin, semi fed-batch fermentation was performed. And the thiamine level was maintained to a concentration of 20 mg/L and glucose was supplied. The final dry cell weight was lowered by 30 % and final lovastatin concentration was increased by 33 %. Final lovastatin concentration of 3.3 g/L was achieved in 8 days.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.288-299
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• 2023

Aspergillus is one of the largest and diverse genera of fungi with huge economical, biotechnological, and social significance. Taxonomically, Aspergillus is divided into six subgenera comprising 27 sections. In this study, 235 strains of Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati (section: Candidi, Circumdati, Flavi, Flavipedes, Nigri, and Terrei) preserved at the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) were analyzed and re-identified using a combined dataset of partial b-tubulin (BenA), Calmodulin (CaM) gene sequences and morphological data. We confirmed nineteen species to be priorly reported in Korea (A. neotritici, A. terreus, A. floccosus, A. allahabadii, A. steynii, A. westerdijkiae, A. ochraceus, A. ostianus, A. sclerotiorum, A. luchuensis, A. tubingensis, A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. japonicus, A. nomius, A. tamarii, A. parasiticus, A. flavi, and A. oryzae). Among the studied strains, three species (A. subalbidus, A. iizukae, and A. uvarum), previously unreported or not officially documented, were discovered in Korea, to the best of our knowledge. We have given a detailed description of the characteristic features of the three species, which remain uncharted in Korea.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2023

Marine macroalgae are important in coastal ecosystems and interact with marine microorganisms. In this study, we isolated fungi from seven types of marine macroalgae including Cladophora sp., Gloiopeltis furcate, Gracilariopsis chorda, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Prionitis crispata, Sargassum micracanthum, and Ulva lactuca collected in Korea. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses identified the isolates as four Aspergillus spp. (A. fumigatus, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, and A. terreus), three Penicillium spp. (P. crustosum, P. jejuense, and P. rubens), and Cladosporium tenuissimum. Among them, A. fumigatus TOP-U2, A. tamarii SH-Sw5, and A. terreus GJ-Gf2 strains showed the activities of all enzymes examined (amylase, chitinase, lipase, and protease). Based on the enzymatic index (EI) values in solid media, A. terreus GJ-Gf2 and C. tenuissimum UL-Pr1 exhibited the highest amylase and lipase activities, respectively. Chitinolytic activity was only observed in A. terreus GJ-Gf2, A. tamarii SH-Sw5, and A. fumigatus TOP-U2. Penicillium crustosum UL-Cl2 and C. tenuissimum UL-Pr1 showed the highest protease activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lipolytic and proteolytic activities in a marine-derived C. tenuissimum strain. Overall, the fungal strains isolated from the marine macroalgae in this study actively produced industrially important enzymes.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2005

Seventy-three fungal species belonging to forty-three genera were isolated from 40 samples of Saccharrum officinarum (collected from Naage-Hamadi canal in Qena Governorate, Egypt). Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Mucor and Pythium were the most common genera on the two isolation media. The dominant species of Aspergillus were A. niger, A. flavus, A. ustus, A. terreus and A. wentii. Some species were dominant on 40 g/l sucrose such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Emericella nidulans, Trichoderma viride, Torula herbarum and Mamaria echinoeotryoides, while the dominant species on 10 g/l glucose were Mucor circinelloides, Aspergillus niger, Torula herbarum and Trichoderma viride. Mycotoxins including aflatoxins $B_1,\;B_2,\;G_1\;and\;G_2$, zearalenone and diacetoxyscirpenol were detected in the examined samples of Saccharrum officinarum. The mycelial growth of A. flavus, A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme and Torula herbarum decreased with the increase in Dimethoate concentrations, although 25 ppm was less effective than the higher levels of the insecticide ($75{\sim}200\;ppm$). Dimethoate stimulated the activity of Go-Tin A. niger, F. moniliforme and T. harbarum, while the Go-T activity was inhibited in A. flavus with the Dimethoate treatments.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.270-273
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• 2001

The fluorescence sensor is utilized to monitor the complex fluorescence patterns of intra- and extracellular components in cultivation processes. Especially biogenic fluorophores such as proteins and peptides (tryptophan, phenylalanine), coenzymes (FAD, NAD(P)H) and vitamins (riboflavin, pyridoxine) within cells are detected by a fluorescence sensor. In this work a 2-dimensional fluorescence sensor has been used to monitor a production process of itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus and the on-line monitored spectra data can be con-elated to off-line data measured by a few methods.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Aspergillus terreus KCCM 12225 균주를 이용하여 발효한 마와 쌀(칠보미)의 발효 물질 특성을 조사하였다. 발효한 마와 쌀의 항산화활성을 확인하기 위하여 DPPH radical 소거활성, 총 polyphenol, flavonoid 함량 및 환원력을 조사하였다. 또한 동일 균주를 사용하여 마 및 쌀의 발효시에 주요한 약용성분인 monacolin K의 생산량을 조사하였다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 장마, 병마, 둥근마 및 쌀의 경우 발효전에는 51.8%, 66.4%, 42.2% 및 7.5%이었으나, 발효 후에는 64.7%, 74.7%, 52.8% 및 32.3%로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 polyphenol 함량은 발효 전의 경우 196.9, 265.7, 160.1 및 91.6 mg/kg이었으나, 발효 후에는 530.7, 708.3, 427.2 및 265.9 mg/kg으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 flavonoid 함량은 발효 전의 경우 73.3, 107.9, 42.6 및 22.6 mg/kg이었으나, 발효 후에는 242.0, 347.7, 139.1 및 63.3 mg/kg으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 환원력은 발효 전의 경우 0.97, 1.28, 0.64 및 0.17 (700 nm에서의 OD값) 이었으나, 발효 후에는 1.75, 2.38, 1.24 및 0.46으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Monacolin K 생산량은 467.1, 514.8, 339.2 및 272.5 mg/kg으로 각각 나타났다. 결과로서, 병마를 이용한 발효 시 가장 높은 생리활성 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 발효마는 항산화 및 항고지혈증 관련 기능성 식품 및 의약품 소재로 이용될 수 있음을 제시한다.