• Solar Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-71
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• 1995

Experiments have been conducted on a planar, free surface jet of water to investigate the effects of aspect ratios(AR=6.67, 15, 26.67), average nozzle velocity($V_0=3.3m/s{\sim}78m/s$) and nozzle-to-plate spacings($Z/W=6{\sim}40$) on the characteristics of heat transfer, when 3 rectangular waterjets impinging on a flat plate which has the uniform heat flux. the scondary peaks which produced by circular jets also produced by rectangular water jets. The position of the scondary peaks depends upon the aspect ratio of nozzle. The heat transfer coefficient was subjected to the influence of aspect ratio. The heat transfer correlations and best position of nozzles which produced maximum heat transfer coefficient at stagnation point are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.231-237
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• 2007

For an aspect ratio (transport length-to-width) of 5, Pr=3.34, Le=0.078, Pe=4.16, Cv=1.01, $P_B=50$ Torr, only thermally buoyancy-driven convection ($Gr=4.83{\times}10^5$) is considered in this study in spite of the disparity in the molecular weights of the component A ($Hg_2Cl_2$) and B which would cause thermally and/or solutally buoyancy-driven convection. The crystal growth rate and the maximum velocity vector magnitude are decreased exponentially for $3{\le}Ar{\le}5$, for (1) adiabatic walls and (2) the linear temperature profile, with a fixed source temperature. This is related to the finding that the effects of side walls tend to stabilize convection in the growth reactor. The rate for the linear temperature profiles walls is slightly greater than for the adiabatic walls far varied temperature differences and aspect ratios. With the imposed thermal profile, a fixed source region, both the rate and the maximum velocity vector magnitude increase linearly with increasing the temperature difference for $10{\le}{\Delta}T{\le}50K$.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.90-95
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• 2016

Leidenfrost drops with ellipsoidal shaping can control the bouncing height by adjusting the aspect ratio(AR) of the shape at the moment of impact. In this work, we focus on the effect of the AR and the impact Weber number(We) on the non-axisymmetrical spreading dynamics of the drop, which plays an important role in the control of bouncing. To understand the impact dynamics, the numerical simulation is conducted for the ellipsoidal drop impact upon the perfect non-wetting solid surface by using volume of fluid method, which shows the characteristics of the spreading behavior in each principal axis. As the AR increases, the drop has a high degree of the alignment into one principal axis, which leads to the consequent suppression of bouncing height with shape oscillation. As the We increases, the maximum spreading diameters in the principal axes both increase whereas the contact time on the solid surface rarely depends on the impact velocity at the same AR. The comprehensive understanding of the ellipsoidal drop impact upon non-wetting surface will provide the way to control of drop deposition in applications, such as surface cleaning and spray cooling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.133-134
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• 2007

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2017

The present study investigated the effect of the rib arrangement and a guide vane for enhancing internal cooling of the blade. Two types of rib arrangements were used in the first and second passage in parallel. Aspect ratio of the channel was 5 and a fixed Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter was 10,000. The attack angle of rib was $60^{\circ}$, rib pitch-to-height ratio (p/e) was 10, and the rib height-to-hydraulic-diameter ratio ($e/D_h$) was 0.075. The effect of an interaction between Dean vortices and the secondary vortices from the first passage was observed. Overall, the attack angle of rib in the first passage was dominant factor to heat transfer and flow patterns in turning region. Also, the channel with a guide vane showed enhanced heat transfer at the tip surface with reducing flow separation and recirculation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

In this paper, the optimum shape and arrangement of ribs in the channel of a plate heat exchanger are studied. The following dimensionless geometric parameters of ribs are selected as design variables: rib height ($H_R$), angle of attack ($\beta$), rib pitch ($P_R$), rib distance (L) and aspect ratio of rib (AR). The optimization is performed by minimizing the objective function consisting of the Nusselt number and the friction factor. The optimal values of design variables are as follows: $H_R$=0.263, $\beta$=0.290, $P_R$=3.142, L: 3.954, AR=0.342. The pressure drop and the heat transfer of the optimum model, compared to those of the reference model, are increased by 15.1% and 41.6%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of $H_2$ upon the growth of CNTs by changing the ratios of $H_2$ to Ar during the growth using $C_2H_2$. With higher contents of $H_2$ in Ar, CNTs became longer and thinner, resulting in their higher aspect ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1997

A new ionized sputtering process was developed to fill small trench or via using additional ionizing mechanism of sputtered particles from 32cm $AlCu_x$(x=0.5%) cathode target with rotating magnet, then drawn toward substrate by small negative DC potential. The radial uniformity in RFI magnetron sputtering was studied by plasma diagnosis and appropriate RFI coil design to improve it. Optical emission intensities of excited species. $Ar^{\circ}, \;Ar^+;Al^+, \;Al^{\circ}$ are measured across the radial direction and showed close correlation with deposit's bottom to top thickness ratios in trenches and vias of submicron opening and 1.5 aspect ratio. After increase of the diameter of RF coil from 29 cm to 32 cm and improved the power leading feedthrough symmetry by removal of asymmetric single turn region, there was an increase of uniformity from 7.5% to 1.5% in bottom to top thickness ratio in 0.6 $\mu\textrm{m}$ vias.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2024

This paper has focused on presenting vibration analysis of trapezoidal sandwich plates with a damaged core and FG wavy CNT-reinforced face sheets. A damage model is introduced to provide an analytical description of an irreversible rheological process that causes the decay of the mechanical properties, in terms of engineering constants. An isotropic damage is considered for the core of the sandwich structure. The classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. The First-order shear deformation theory of plate is utilized to establish governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions for the trapezoidal plate. The governing equations together with related boundary conditions are discretized using a mapping-generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method in spatial domain. Then natural frequencies of the trapezoidal sandwich plates are obtained using GDQ method. Validity of the current study is evaluated by comparing its numerical results with those available in the literature. After demonstrating the convergence and accuracy of the method, different parametric studies for laminated trapezoidal structure including carbon nanotubes waviness (0≤w≤1), CNT aspect ratio (0≤AR≤4000), face sheet to core thickness ratio (0.1 ≤ ${\frac{h_f}{h_c}}$ ≤ 0.5), trapezoidal side angles (30° ≤ α, β ≤ 90°) and damaged parameter (0 ≤ D < 1) are carried out. It is explicated that the damaged core and weight fraction, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness and CNT aspect ratio can significantly affect the vibrational behavior of the sandwich structure. Results show that by increasing the values of waviness index (w), normalized natural frequency of the structure decreases, and the straight CNT (w=0) gives the highest frequency. For an overall comprehension on vibration of laminated trapezoidal plates, some selected vibration mode shapes were graphically represented in this study.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Weather (AR5) predicts that recent severe hydrological events will affect the quality of water and increase water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed, and solar radiation) were compiled into a representative concentration curve (RC), defined using 8.5. AR5 and future use are calculated based on land use. Semi-distributed emission model Calculate emissions for each target period. Meteorological factors affecting water quality (precipitation, temperature, and flow) were input into a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the data. Extensive experimental studies of flow properties have been carried out. In addition, an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) device was used to monitor the flow of a large open channel connection in a wastewater treatment plant in Ho Chi Minh City. Observations were made along different streams at different locations and at different depths. Analysis of measurement data shows average speed profile, aspect ratio, vertical position Measure, and ratio the vertical to bottom distance for maximum speed and water depth. This result indicates that the transport effect of the compound was considered when preparing the hazard analysis.