• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2013

This study examined the quality characteristics of goami Mandupi. To determine the optimal amount of rice powder for baking and goami powder (100, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40), the weight, volume, texture, moisture contents, color values and sensory evaluation were measured. The weight of Mandupi dough made with 100% wheat flour, was heavier, whereas the moisture content was highest in the dough made with 40% goami In addition L-values and b-values were highest with 40% goami, whereas the a-values were lowest in the dough made with 40% goami. The spinginess was highest in the dough made with 100% rice powder for baking. The gumminess and cohesiveness were highest with the dough containing goami. The cooked weight and volume of Mandupi were lightest when made dough containing goami. The Hardness and adhesiveness was highest in the dough containing 100% rice powder. In a sensory evaluation the appearance, flavor, taste, texture and overall preference were was the highest for goami.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1458-1463
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• 2016

A 42-d study with 384 Hy-line brown laying hens was conducted to assess the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hens were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups of 8 cages each, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 9 (OCT9), 18 (OCT18), and 27 (OCT27) mg/kg diet of octacosanol isolated from rice bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an environmental controlled house and hens were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake. Laying performance was determined over the 42-d period, and egg quality as well as blood metabolites were estimated on d 21 and d 42. Diets in OCT18 and OCT27 increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, egg albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell strength on d 42, but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion rate and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum as compared to those of Control. Feed intake, yolk color, yolk diameter, eggshell thickness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Results demonstrate that supplementing 18 to 27 mg/kg diet of rice bran octacosanol can improve laying rate and egg quality and reduce blood lipid of laying hens.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.3-6
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• 2005

In this paper, the real scenario of water situation (e.g. water management, water availability and flooding) in an irrigated rice cultivation area in Suphanburi Province, Central-West Thailand is discussed together with the NDVI time series data. The result shown is derived by our classifier named 'Peak Detector Algorithm (PDA)'. The method discriminated 5 classes in terms of irrigation activities and cropping intensities, namely, Non-irrigated, Poorly irrigated - 1 crop/year, Irrigated - 2 crops/year, Irrigated - 3 crops/year and Others (no cultivation happens in a year or other land covers). The overall accuracy of all classified results (1999-2001) is around $77\%$ against independent ground truth data (general activities or function of an area). In the classified results, spatial and temporal inconsistency appeared significantly in the Western and Southern areas of Suphanburi. The inconsistency resulted mainly by anomaly of rainfall pattern in 1999 and their temporal irrigation activity. The algorithm however, was proved that it could detect actual change of irrigation status in a year.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 1994

The response of crossbred Holstein milking cows to the neutralized urea-treated rice straw feeding was investigated. Rice straw was treated with 6% urea for at least 21 days and further with sulfuric acid for overnight to complete the neutralization. The neutralized straw was then sun-dried and its feeding value was compared with that of the dried non-neutralized urea-treated straw. They were fed to the cows with concentrates either by the ration formulation based on the nutrient requirements for milk production recommended by NRC or by the traditional way in which straw was fed ad libitum and concentrates at 1 kg/2 kg of milk production. The results showed that milk production as well as milk composition of cows were not different between neutralized and non-neutralized straw. The feeding of the neutralized straw could significantly reduce the supply of protein-rich feed such as soybean oil meal, and it was demonstrated that ammonium sulfate in the neutralized straw could be utilized as effective as the plant origin protein. The results also suggested that if the traditional feeding method is applied to the dairy cattle, protein content of the supplementing concentrates should be increased to meet the requirement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2827-2832
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• 2015

Oxidative stress is associated with colon carcinogenesis including aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and it plays an important role in pathophysiological changes in cancer cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary unpolished Thai rice (UTR) on ACF formation and dysplastic progression in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. Anti-cancer efficacy of UTR regarding apoptotic induction and oxidative redox status in human colon cancer (CaCo-2) cells was also investigated. Rats given 20% and 70% of UTR in the diet showed significantly and dose-dependently decreased total number of ACF. UTR treatment also was strongly associated with the low percentage of dysplastic progression and mucin depletion. In addition, we found that UTR significantly induced cancer cell apoptosis, increased cellular oxidants, and decreased the level of GSH/GSSG ratio in CaCo-2 cells. Our study suggests that UTR supplementation may be a useful strategy for CRC prevention with the inhibition of precancerous progression, with induction of cancer cell apoptosis through redox alteration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1080-1084
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• 1999

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance technique was used to determine energy balance in Rhode Island Red (RIR) and White Leghorn (WL) laying hens fed maize-and broken rice (BR)- based diets. Carbon and nitrogen intake and outgo were determined for three days on ad libitum fed diets followed by 2/3 of ad libitum intake for next three days. Carbon analysis was done by using four 'U' tubes in which carbon dioxide released during bomb calorimetry was absorbed on drierite in tube 1 and 2 whereas tube 3 and 4 contained sodalime self indicating granule. Carbon in $CO_2$ was determined by an open circuit respiration system. Energy retention (E, kcal) was calculated as E = 12.386 C (g) - 4.631 N (g). By regressing metabolisable energy (ME) intake on energy balance, maintenance ME requirement of RIR was 128 whereas, that of WL hens was $144kcal/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$. Effciency of utilization of ME for maintenance from BR-based diet in RIR hens was equal but in WL hens it was 11% less than maize-based diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 1997

The minimum amounts of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) required to improve the performance of cattle on a straw diet has been studied. Four levels of leucaena, namely 0 (0%), 2 kg (10%), 4 kg (18%) and 6 kg (27% of dietary dry matter intake) were supplied to 4 adult indigenous bulls ($355{\pm}21.5kg$ weight) fed rice straw alone, in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design. Measurements were made on intake, digestibility, N balance and microbial N yield. Up to 10% level of leucaena supplementation, there were no significant improvement on intake, digestibility, microbial N yield and N balance. Both straw and total dry matter intake showed diminishing return to increasing levels of leucaena supplementation and the maximum intake was observed at around 20% level. However, dietary N and digestible organic matter intake, the microbial N yield and the N balance increased linearly to the increasing levels of leucaena supplementation. On a rice straw based diet, the minimum level of leucaena required to improve the animal performance would probably be at around 20% of the dietary intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 1996

About 8 million tons of straw (dry matter) become rotten during the monsoon(June to August) season in Bangladesh. The possibility of preserving straw with urea, under wet condition during dry period (December to May) and its utilization by cattle has been studied. Five tons of fresh and wet(600g DM/kg material) rice straw were preserved for six months, with 5% urea(W/W) in either dome or rectangular shaped heap without any polythene cover. The preservation quality, acceptability and nutritive value of preserved straw were then comparted with that of dry straw in growing cattle. In both types of heaps, straw was excellently preserved having strong ammonia smell,dark brown in colour with no fungal infestation. Urea preservation of straw increased its CP and ADF content. Preserved straw was readily accepted by the animals and they were healthy throughout the experimental period. Compared to dry straw, urea preserved straw had nonsignificantly higher rumen degradability, straw intgake and growth rate. Similarly, digestibilities of DM(p<0.01), OM(p<0.01) & ADF(p<0.01) were significantly higher in the preserved than the dry straw. It was concluded that wet straw with relatively lower moisture(400 to 500 g/kg straw) content can be readily preserved by using urea without being covered with polythene. Whether the same phenomenon occurs in the preservation of fresh and weet rice straw with relatively higher moisture(600 to 700 g/kg straw) content is yet to be determined.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratios of three different quantities of spirulina, salt and water for the preparation of Korean rice cake (Dukbokiduk) via response surface methodology on the basis of color, texture, and sensory test. The spirulina levels were tested in a range of $1{\sim}3%$, the water levels in a range of $15{\sim}25%$, and salt levels were tested a range of $0.5{\sim}1%$ by weight of rice powder. Taste was influenced most profoundly by the amount of added spirulina. Optimal taste was achieved with 1% of spirulina, 0.75% of salt and 20% water. Thus, the optimal mixing ratios of spirulina, salt, and water for Dukbokiduk were 1.0%, 0.57%, and 19.46%, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.710-719
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• 2015

This study was undertaken to identify factors affecting school food waste generation using a questionnaire. The subjects were 254 high school students (male; 156, female; 98) in Sacheon, Gyeongnam divided into three groups of low (${\leq}1/week$), moderate (2~3/week), and high (${\geq}4/week$) according to the frequencies of food waste. The questionnaires consisted of general characteristics, anthropometric values, dietary habits, health-related behaviors, self-perceptions of food waste, snacking patterns, and nutrition knowledge. The main reasons behind food waste were 'too much food' in the low (20.9%) and moderate (32.2%) groups, and 'no appetite' in the high group (p<0.01). The main types of food waste were rice (44.2%) > fish (18.6%) > vegetables (14.0%) in the low group, rice (54.2%) > Kimchi/vegetables (15.3%) in the moderate group, rice (56.0%) > vegetables (20.0%) > Kimchi (16.0%) in the high group (p<0.01). School food waste was significantly affected by age, gender, monthly allowance, school grade, weight, BMI, regularity of meals, time of meals, type of breakfast, starting age of smoking, and cost for snacking.