• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.238-238
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• 2015

There are demands for water environmental analysis of discharge processes in paddy fields, however, it is not fully understood in nutrients discharge process for watershed modeling. As hydrological processes both surface and ground water and agricultural water managements are so complex in paddy fields, the development of lowland paddy fields watershed model is more difficult than upland watershed model. In this research, the improvement of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for a paddy watershed was conducted. First, modification of surface inundated process was developed in improved pot hole option. Those modification was evaluated by monitoring data. Second, the monitoring data in river and drainage channel in lowland paddy fields from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed to understand discharge characteristics. As a case study, Imbanuma basin, Japan, was chosen as typical land and water use in Asian countries. In this basin, lowland paddy fields are irrigated from river water using small pumps that were located in distribution within the watershed. Daily hydrological fluctuation was too complex to estimate. Then, to understand surface and ground water discharge characteristics in irrigation (Apr-Aug) and non-irrigation (Sep-Mar) period, the water and material balance analysis was conducted. The analysis was composed two parts, watershed and river channel blocks. As results of model simulation, output was satisfactory in NSE, but uncertainty was large. It would be coming from discharge process in return water. The river water and ground water in paddy fields were exchanged each other in 5.7% and 10.8% to river discharge in irrigation and non-irrigation periods, respectively. Through this exchange, nutrient loads were exchanged between river and paddy fields components. It suggested that discharge from paddy fields was not only responded to rainfall but dynamically related with river water table. In general, hydrological models is assumed that a discharge process is one way from watershed to river. However, in lowland paddy fields, discharge process is dynamically changed. This function of paddy fields showed that flood was mitigated and temporally held as storage in ground water. Then, it showed that water quality was changed in mitigated function in the water exchange process in lowland paddy fields. In future, it was expected that hydrological models for lowland paddy fields would be developed with this mitigation function.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2018

Models of South-North Korean economic integration have the problem of circular reasoning. While many studies argue that South-North Korean economic integration would contribute to alleviate security risks in the Korean peninsular, they emphasize the success of any economic model of inter-Korean economic integration is subject to favorable geo-political and security environment. It is a failure in distinguishing between goals and constraints. After identifying three major goals of South-North Korean economic cooperation, this study shows the trilemma among the goals; they are 1) formation of a complete economic community, 2) maintaining independent sovereignty of the two Koreas, 3) promotion of mutual economic interests. The trilemma suggests that it is theoretically impossible to achieve the above three goals at the same time. Only two goals are achievable simultaneously. This study argues that the most practical option is to pursue the combination of goals 2) and 3) considering the complex political and security environment around the Korean peninsular. Recognizing that North Korea is the least developed country in the Northeast Asia region, South Korea's initiatives for inter-Korean economic cooperation should focus on assisting industrialization and integration of the North Korea economy into the Northeast Asian regional production sharing structure. In view of the 'flying geese model' of the sequential industrialization in the region, the least developed economic status of North Korea can partially be explained by its failure to participate in the production network in the region as well as lack of effective implementation of appropriate industrial policy. Therefore, promotion of industrialization of North Korea should be the immediate goal of economic cooperation between North and South Korea. It is an interesting fact that North Korea has rapidly expanded its apparel exports in recent years. It could mean that the North Korean economy is actively responding to the dynamics of international comparative advantage structure, although the production activities are limited to exports to China since the closure of the Gaesung Industrial Complex. The recent increase in apparel export is a starting point for incorporating the Easy Import Substitution fulfilling both domestic and neighboring regional demand of North Korea. It could help integrate North Korea's industry into the production network of Northeast Asia. An immediate policy implication is that the economic cooperation between the two Koreas should focus on facilitating this process and supporting North Korea's industrial policy through South Korea's contribution of capital, technology, and service intermediary inputs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1041-1048
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• 2012

생 표고버섯을 5 g씩 나누어 실험용 건조기와 일광을 이용하여 건조한 후 100 mL의 유기용매(acetone, ethanol, methanol)와 $90^{\circ}C$의 물 100 mL로써 추출하였다. 총 페놀함량을 측정하고 농축 또는 동결 건조하여 DMSO에 녹인 후 적당한 농도로 희석하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ORAC value 및 CAC 등의 항산화 활성을 측정하였으며 comet assay를 이용하여 항 유전독성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 아세톤과 에탄올 추출물에서 일광건조 한 표고버섯의 총 페놀 함량이 생 표고나 오븐건조 한 표고의 함량보다 유의적으로 높았으며 물 추출한 표고버섯 시료의 총 페놀이 유기용매로 추출한 시료보다 최소 2배 이상 월등히 높은 함량을 나타내었다. $IC_{50}$으로 나타낸 표고버섯의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 생 표고버섯이 모든 용매에서 유의적으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 특히 물 추출에서는 일광건조 시료가 생 표고와 거의 비슷한 활성을 보였다. AAPH로 유도된 peroxyl radical 소거능은 $50{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 오븐건조 한 표고버섯보다 생 표고나 일광건조 한 표고버섯이 더 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. HepG2 cell을 이용하여 세포 내에서의 peroxyl radical에 대한 항산화 활성 검색에서는 시료의 최종농도를 $100{\mu}g/mL$로 처리했을 때 일광건조 한 표고버섯의 활성이 두드러지게 높은 활성을 보였으며 특히 메탄올과 물 추출 시료에서 각각 107.5%와 108.1%로 AAPH를 처리하지 않은 control과 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 또한 comet assay에서는 표고버섯 추출물을 $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 백혈구에 처리한 후 $H_2O_2$ $200{\mu}M$의 농도로 처리하여 DNA 손상을 유도한 결과 모든 표고 버섯 추출물이 $H_2O_2$만을 처리한 positive control에 비해 DNA 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 나타내었으며 특히 생 표고버섯의 항 유전독성 효과가 건조 표고버섯에 비해 뛰어났다. 총 페놀 함량과 항산화 활성 및 항 유전독성 활성 간에 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. 이는 페놀 화합물 외에 표고버섯에 함유되어 있는 여러 가지 다른 생리활성 물질이 건조 조건에 따라 각각 다른 용매에 용출되어 작용한 것으로 사료되며 이에 대하여 앞으로 더욱 심도 있는 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 결론적으로 표고버섯을 식품으로 섭취 시 생 표고를 이용하며 장기간 보존을 위해 건조를 한다면 일광을 이용하는 것이 높은 페놀 함량과 항산화 활성을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.