• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to help select an appropriate word embedding method when analyzing East Asian traditional medicine texts as data. Methods : Based on prescription data that imply traditional methods in traditional East Asian medicine, we have examined 4 count-based word embedding and 2 prediction-based word embedding methods. In order to intuitively compare these word embedding methods, we proposed a "prescription generating game" and compared its results with those from the application of the 6 methods. Results : When the adjacent vectors are extracted, the count-based word embedding method derives the main herbs that are frequently used in conjunction with each other. On the other hand, in the prediction-based word embedding method, the synonyms of the herbs were derived. Conclusions : Counting based word embedding methods seems to be more effective than prediction-based word embedding methods in analyzing the use of domesticated herbs. Among count-based word embedding methods, the TF-vector method tends to exaggerate the frequency effect, and hence the TF-IDF vector or co-word vector may be a more reasonable choice. Also, the t-score vector may be recommended in search for unusual information that could not be found in frequency. On the other hand, prediction-based embedding seems to be effective when deriving the bases of similar meanings in context.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

The service industry has been acknowledged as a critical part of mobile banking services in recent years. This study examines the impact of e-service quality and loyalty on the intention to use and use behavior of mobile banking services in Mongolia, a Central Asian country. As a result, based on past research, a conceptual model was suggested. This study comprises 209 completed questionnaires from young Mongolians who own a bank account and a smartphone. The data was collected based on convenience sampling, and it was analyzed with SmartPLS software using a partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings indicate that system quality, interface design, and security assurance have a significant positive impact on service quality; service quality has a positive impact on loyalty. Moreover, the results reveal that service quality and loyalty have a significant influence on the intention to use mobile banking services. The findings of this study suggest that local or international banks and financial institutions in Mongolia should consider system quality, interface design, and security concerns as key successors to building perceived security quality to retain current mobile banking users and attract new customers.

• 복식
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2000

The starting point of this study was that the Orientalism reflected in the modern clothing is realized the different view by Western and Eastern. Based on this regard, this study semiotically analyse that clothing is creating the cultural values and signification and that the western designers are reproducing an ideology as orientalism being the western-oriented thought when expressing the Asian image in the modern clothing. The theoretical sides are based on the semiotic analyses of F. Saussure, C. Peirce, and R. Barthes. By the result observed through this study, the Orientalism reflected in the modern clothing designed by Western designers are discriminative image, mystic image, past-oriented image, natural image, and complex-eclectic image. The discriminative image is reproduced as a savage and uncivilized image. In addition, it regarded as a decorative and superficial image is expressed as if it is an uncharacterized and underdeveloped image in the modern clothing. The mystic image is reproduced as a romantic image to stimulate Westerners'curiosity. That is, Asian image is regarded as a dream and magical image rather than a scientific and rational image. The past-oriented image is expressed through restricting Asian positive image in Asian historical glory. The natural image differs from Western image based on science in the modern clothing. The modern clothing regards the natural image as a primitive and instinctive image. The complex-eclectic image is the pastish pattern through selecting and distributing heterogeneous materials in the modern clothing. This study critically analyzes the western-oriented thought of orientalism in the modern clothing. The results of the study imply that it is critical that we provide a new contact point for the East and the West in the context of our Asian values and traditions.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.135-179
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• 2013

This study explores the study experiences of Southeast Asian students at a reputable Korean private university in Seoul. In particular, this study focuses on difficulties and coping strategies of both non-native speaker of English and native-speakers of English who are working for their undergraduate or postgraduate degrees. Interviews of fourteen students from five Southeast Asian countries were collected and analyzed by NVivo 9. Thematic analysis result shows that many students, particularly non-native speakers of English, had much more difficulties than their counterparts, in contemporary Korean university context, where internationalization indices-driven strategies including expanding courses conducted in English language. Also, this study observes and documents contrasting patterns of different degree of difficulties experienced by students, depending on their degree levels and majors. Undergraduate students in science and engineering majors had the greatest degree of difficulties among all. In contrast, their graduate counterparts seem to have less difficulties. This might be related to the fact that graduate students in science and engineering majors are mostly working with their peers in their own labs, which provides institutional support. Coping strategies of students show that international students, facing unfavorable or unfriendly treatments by their Korean peers, developed innovative strategies, including using the internet technology to catch up with the classes that they could not fully understand. As a whole, adaptation process of international students do not seem to be passive or one-way. This study also provides policy implications for international students, particularly, who can be categorized as linguistic and ethnic minorities.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2020

This article attempts to explain social media use within the relationship between the public and government of Indonesia in the era of digital government, as well as to consider public opinion on this matter. This research is based on the application of social media logic and the theory of dialogic communication and action. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to observe the general behavior of social media use by 34 ministries in Indonesia, including interviews with the resource persons within the ministries and focus group discussions with members of the public and observers. The research shows that the relationship between the public and government is accommodative and in line with social media logic. The public sector implemented social media as its platform, which has been further adopted by all ministries. The public sector cannot avoid social media, as it has become part of basic connectivity, even though the use of social media by the government still tends to be in the form of presenting public information. There are advantages and disadvantages of the usage of social media by the government. The advantages include allowing the government to be more open via social media so that communication between the government as the ruling organization and its public can be more fluent. Social media provides space to the public sector in the practice of digital government. Some disadvantages arise as logical consequences that usage of social media cannot be separated from the implementation of digital government. The adaptive behavior of social media by the government can be found by following social media logic as part of digital government implementation. Social media logic causes the government to follow the rules of social media. In this context, the strength and power of the country seems to be regulated by social media. Therefore, more studies on how social media is managed in the context of its usage as digital government support is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2016

Excessive exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause poisoning and various diseases. Thus, for the protection of labor, it is necessary to examine the exposure of people to chemicals and risks from these materials. The purpose of this study is to evaluate semi-quantitative health risks of exposure to harmful chemical agents in the context of carcinogenesis in a latex glove manufacturing industry. In this cross-sectional study, semi-quantitative risk assessment methods provided by the Department of Occupational Health of Singapore were used and index of LD50, carcinogenesis (ACGIH and IARC) and corrosion capacity were applied to calculate the hazard rate and the biggest index was placed as the basis of risk. To calculate the exposure rate, two exposure index methods and the actual level of exposure were employed. After identifying risks, group H (high) and E (very high) classified as high-risk were considered. Of the total of 271 only 39 (15%) were at a high risk level and 3% were very high (E). These risks only was relevant to 7 materials with only sulfuric acid placed in group E and 6 other materials in group H, including nitric acid (48.3%), chromic acid (6.9%), hydrochloric acid (10.3%), ammonia (3.4%), potassium hydroxide (20.7%) and chlorine (10.3%). Overall, the average hazard rate level was estimated to be 4 and average exposure rate to be 3.5. Health risks identified in this study showed that the manufacturing industry for latex gloves has a high level of risk because of carcinogens, acids and strong alkalisand dangerous drugs. Also according to the average level of risk impact, it is better that the safety design strategy for latex gloves production industry be placed on the agenda.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2015

Among public organizations, does variation in organizational structure explain variation in public managers' leadership styles (e.g., transformational and transactional leadership)? The study of leadership in public organizations is increasingly an area of scholarly interest partly sparked by movements to reform public organizations, particularly in the context of emergency management. There is, for example, a need for effective leadership that can help organizations respond to disasters (Kapucu et al. 2010; Van Wart and Kapucu 2011; Stern 2013). There are numerous documented cases where the lack of leadership skills has been linked to major social and economic losses as a result of poor disaster response (e.g., Hurricane Katrina in the U.S.). Yet, leadership is a complex concept and numerous theoretical frameworks have been developed to help explain it (Van Wart 2005). Practically speaking, the existence of different theories of leadership suggests that public managers can decide to exercise various styles of leadership. The style of leadership that a public manager exhibits matters because some styles are perceived to be more effective than others (Trottier et al. 2008). While the effects of leadership have been extensively studied, antecedents or predictors of leadership style have received little scholarly attention (Wright and Pandey 2009; Nielsen and Cleal 2011). The purpose of this research note then is to explore the potential causal relationship between the structure of an organization and the ability of a public manager to exercise transformational leadership in the context of emergency management in two Asian countries: South Korea and Japan. This research note consists of three main sections. The following section explores the relationship between leadership and organizational structure. The second section examines how certain concepts of leadership and organizational structure were applied in two case studies of disaster response. The final section presents some directions for future research.

• 수완나부미
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.303-343
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• 2024

Globalization and the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the post-pandemic context continue to play a critical role in shaping the workforce of emerging countries. In Vietnam, evidence obtained during the pandemic revealed that the well-being of employees, especially migrant workers, was extremely poor due to both work and non-work factors. This paper examines the most significant factors that impact the well-being of workers employed by various FDI companies in two Vietnamese industrial parks. The survey evidence (n=200) shows that worker well-being is influenced by seven key factors categorized in three dimensions, namely material stressors, social stressors, and human stressors. A further qualitative analysis of 60 participants provides an understanding of the ways in which each factor affects workers' well-being and how elements of well-being in the Vietnamese context are different compared with other countries. Low salaries, lack of social support, work-life imbalance due to job demands, and the interplay between these three determinants significantly affect the overall well-being of workers. In the current business climate, it is important to have well-targeted policies that encourage high-tech investments as well as persuade domestic firms to address low salaries and economic migration. To manage valuable human resources and keep competitive advantages, foreign firms need to authentically implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives focusing on workers' benefits, especially providing workforce housing. This will bring about win-win outcomes of improved employee well-being and business sustainability.

• 해양정책연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.57-82
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• 2018

This study aimed to review the reorganization of fisheries and the future tasks in accordance with the establishment of new fishery order in the Northeast Asian Seas. As the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which recognized the sovereign rights of Coastal States in a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), entered into force in 1994, the three countries of Korea, China and Japan ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1996 and started negotiations to establish a new fishery order consistent with the EEZ system. However, a conflict of interest occurred because of differences in fisheries between countries, negotiations many times have proceeded, resulting in the signing of fishery agreement between China and Japan in 1997, Korea and Japan in 1998, and Korea and China in 2000. Each fishery arrangement consists of a dual system of EEZ and provisional waters (middle waters, provisional waters). The two countries are engaged in mutual fishing based on coastal states in EEZ, and in the fishing operation under the principle of flag state in provisional waters. There are overlapping or ambiguous jurisdictions in the intermediate waters and provisional waters that are jointly available to both fisheries. The presence of these seas is a challenge to the establishment of a reasonable international fisheries management system for the entire Northeast Asian Seas. In this context, the challenges of the reorganization of the new fisheries order are as follows: 1) conversion to a fishery order for coexistence of fisheries, 2) expansion to an international fishery management system, and 3) establishment of a multilateral fishery cooperation system. Although the jurisdiction of their own waters has been expanded through the establishment of EEZ according to new fishery order, the need for mutual cooperation grows when considering the movement and migration of fishery resources, fishery management, fish consumption and trade. In addition to the fisheries cooperation between the governments, it is also necessary to revitalize the civil cooperation focused on fishermen who exploit fishing grounds together.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.895-907
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• 2020

Information transparency ensures that market players all have the opportunity to access the same information to come up with their assessment of the banks' financial situation, performance and risks to reach effective investment decisions. This research is conducted to investigate the levels of impact of determinants on information transparency by examining the case studies of Vietnamese commercial banks. This study combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods, based on interviews of 32 specialists in banking, accounting and auditing fields, which were conducted to explore determinants influencing information transparency and to develop measurement scales. Then, a survey of 160 managers of commercial banks, audit firms, and accounting managers of firms who frequently had transactions with banks was carried out to investigate the statistical significance of these determinants. The results show that, out of seven determinants that have significant impacts on the banks' information transparency, commitment from banks' senior management regarding transparency in information disclosure has the highest impact, followed by state governance, auditing, information infrastructure, credit rating agencies, personnel and bank performance. Accordingly, we provide some recommendations for improving information transparency in the Vietnamese banking industry context as a case study and in emerging countries context in general.