• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.583-591
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• 2020

Employability has recently become the first target of the national higher education. Its model has been updated to catch the new trend of Industry 4.0. This paper aims at analyzing and ranking the determinants of undergraduate employability, focusing on business and economics majors in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In-depth interviews with content analysis have been primarily conducted to reach an agreement on a key group of factors: human capital, social capital, and identity. The Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm (SFSA) is then applied to rank the sub-factors. Human capital is composed of three major elements: attitude, skill, and knowledge. Social capital is approached at both structural and cognitive aspects with three typical types: bonding, bridging, and linking. The analysis has confirmed the change of priority in employability determinants. Human capital is still a driver but the priority of attitude has been confirmed in the contemporary context. Then, social capital with the important order of linking, bridging, and bonding is emphasized. Skill, knowledge, and identity share the least weight in the model. It is noted that identity is newly proposed in the model but a certain role has been found. The findings are crucial for education strategies to enhance university graduate employability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.627-633
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• 2020

The study attempts to analyze the impact of firm's risk on capital structure in the context of seasonal and non-seasonal businesses. We use two independent variables namely credit risk and systematic risk and one dependent variable to explore this connection. Sugar sector is taken as seasonal while the textile sector as non-seasonal businesses. The panel data of twenty-five firms from each sector are taken ranging for the period of 2012 to 2019 which has been retrieved from their annual reports for empirical analysis of the study. The results reveal the negative impact of credit risk on capital structure in both types of businesses. Increasing (decreasing) one point of credit risk causes a decrease (increase) leverage ratio by 0.27 points for seasonal while increasing (decreasing) one point of credit risk causes to decrease (increase) leverage by 0.15 points for non-seasonal businesses. Furthermore, the study shows positive impact of systematic risk on leverage ratio in non-seasonal business and no impact in seasonal business. Any increase (decrease) in the systematic risk causes an incline (decline) leverage ratio by 2.68 units for non-seasonal businesses. The study provides a guideline to managers for risk management in businesses. The research focusses on theoretical as well as managerial and policy implications on risk management in businesses.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-83
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• 2020

This paper examines the actions and the factors driving those actions to reduce energy consumption and enhance energy efficiency taken by United States cities. While not much empirical evidence is available on why governments pursue practical sustainability actions, we attempt to shed more light on this important topic by empirically identifying factors that contribute to concrete actions toward sustainability policies. We adopt political market theory as a basic theoretical framework with policy-making applied to city energy consumption. Using the 2010 ICMA (local government sustainability policies and program) data, this study expands the focus of analyses to evaluate the effect of the form of government on energy consumption and energy efficiency by using multiple regression analysis. The findings show that at the city level, the mayor-council form of government are negatively associated with governments' efforts to reduce energy consumption. However, cities with at-large elections and municipal ownership are more likely to adopt sustainability actions. We also find that a large-scale economy has significant effects on the effort to reduce city energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. This shows that environmental policies are directly connected to locally relevant affairs, including housing, energy use, green transportation, and water. Thus, local level administrators could take an executive role to protect the environment, encourage the development of alternative energy, and reduce the use of fossil fuel and coal energy. These efforts can lead to important environmental ramifications and relevant actions by municipal governments.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.662-685
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• 2015

The use of global mobile technology has increased exponentially. In particular, a survey of consumers in the Philippines showed that 83% "could not live" without their mobile phones. We investigated factors, such as ease of use and personal innovativeness, to elucidate the consumer adoption of mobile technologies in the Philippines, to integrate existing adoption theories for academics and provide recommendations to practitioners based on our findings. Our research questions are as follows: (1) What key factors drive adoption of mobile technologies by Filipino consumers?; (2) Are Filipino consumers innovative in their use of mobile technologies?; And (3) How can telecom companies retain their customers? A structural equation model, which was built from a survey of 528 mobile Filipino consumers, showed support for repurchase intention to use mobile technologies. The hypotheses were generally supported by variables related to mobile phone usage with the Philippine consumer sample. Results support all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile technologies. Personal innovativeness did load on both attitude and repurchase intention for mobile applications as originally hypothesized but was strongly loaded for attitude toward using. This research is a first step in understanding the adoption of mobile applications by Filipino consumers. We initially hypothesized that consumer behavior toward mobile applications would involve constructs of innovativeness, ease of use, and satisfaction; however, we found that ease of use was less significant in understanding repurchase intention to use mobile technologies. Personal innovativeness was more important in explaining satisfaction with mobile application attitudes and repurchase intention. The Filipino context of this study also provides other interesting implications. As the Philippines transitions into a more international market, western products start to guide market behavior, particularly consumer adoption.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.322-333
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• 2019

The purpose of this thesis is to show the historical context of tongue-viscera correspondence scheme based on as wide investigation as possible. For this purpose, we collected and investigated 35 books related to tongue diagnosis. As a result, we faound the following: There were some tentative trials to associate viscera or viscera meridians with tongue areas since shown in the Effective formulae of inherited medical works (世醫得效方, 1337). The main stream of tongue-viscera correspondence scheme was the form in which the apex, the center, and the root of tongue are associated with Heart, Spleen (and Stomach), and Kidney. On the viscera correspondence to the sides of tongue, there had been two streams. The first one is originated from the Upper-most Book on Shanghan (傷寒第一書, 1780), in which the sides of tongue are assumed to be associated with Liver and Gall-bladder. The second one is originated from the Ikeda Family's Chant on the Tongue (池田家舌函口訣, 1807), in which the left side and the right side of tongue are assumed to be associated with Liver and Lung separately. The former type have been accepted as the standard form in modern traditional Asian medicine education. In addition to the above types, three other correspondence schemes were also existed, but have disappeared now. These days, some new correspondence schemes are being suggested based on new approaches.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.14
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• pp.129-150
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• 2008

The article concerns the relationship between the animation festival and the regional cultural industries. In particular, the article studies the WAF(Web Animation Festival) case, in which has hold since 2004 by the Gwangju Information & Culture industry Promotion Agency in the city of Gwangju. The WAF case will be examined in terms of the promotion of the selected web cartoons and animations in the festival competition. As a result, the competion festival has been managed in connection with the support programs for the promotion of the regional cultural industries. In the process, the Gwangju Information & Culture industry Promotion Agency has sought to connect the selected arts works with the CEOs in the field of content business and media business. The article concludes the WAF need to be reestablished in the context of the development of the Gwangu cultural industries cluster and the reinforcement of the international exchange and networking through the grand project of Asian Cultural Capital Gwangu.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2020

The study aims to explore the problems of the existing Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) and its concerned authorities in the context of Bangladesh. Thus, according to responses from 17 respondents, this study outlines that Bangladesh has an absence of a shortage of experts, experienced, knowledgeable, and qualified Shariah people at all levels (i.e., the central bank, Islamic banks, Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs), and regulators). Therefore, Bangladesh does not have a separate Islamic banking act, Shariah audit firm, Shariah index institutions, and comprehensive SGF. The existing guideline has a limitation concerning its comprehensiveness, accountability, responsibility, and structure of SSBs. Islamic banks do not follow the instruction of the central bank in the formation of SSBs. As a result, there is an absence of competent and qualified SSB, which also results in the functions of Shariah departments as well as Shariah applications. Usually, the Board of Directors (BOD), management, executives, customers, and the public also have the conceptual gap about Islamic banks, SGF, and banking system compared to the regular prayers, faith, and belief. Concisely, Bangladesh requisites a comprehensive SGF, Islamic banking act, a standard accounting system, and a robust Shariah audit system for the overall development of Islamic banks and SGF.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

The study attempts to examine the effect of the capabilities of banking companies, namely the dynamic and unique capabilities, on the implementation of GCG in Indonesia. The effect of organization capabilities on the implementation of GCG is essential since both of them can demonstrate the quality of the company's ability to compete and innovate. This study will also examine the influence of moderating variables, namely the fit and proper test. The methodology used in this study is the structural equation methods and using primary data with board of directors of commercial bank in Indonesia. The test results suggest the positive direct effect of unique capabilities on GCG. The findings show that the capabilities of the top management, both unique and dynamic capabilities, influence the implementation of GCG. Then, the variable of fit and proper test can also strengthen the relationship between them. Both unique capabilities and fit and proper test have a strong and positive impact on GCG. Meanwhile, dynamic capabilities have a negative impact on GCG even though it's not significant and contradictive with earlier studies. In the context of the banking industry growth and sustainability, this matter is important to examine. Top management behavior in operating their organization is important to be investigated.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.2 s.23
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• pp.65-84
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• 2000

The region of Southeast Asia had already experienced rapid urbanization and cultural change before the East Asia region did. None the less, nowadays shophouses and rowhouses still form the major portion of streets in Chinese town in Southeast Asia countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the adaptation process of shophouse and rowhouse in the Southeast Asia region and the architectural characteristics between the middle of 18th and the early of 20th, which Chinese people of the region inherit and develop, for more thorough understanding of cultural adaptability and regionalism of Chinese architecture in Southeast Asia. The common fact found in the Southeast Asia region is that Chinese people in countries of this region gradually started to live densely as a group in a certain zone in city area since they got to play important roles in commerce, trade and service works related with cities, due to European countries' advance into Southeast Asia and their construction of colonial cities in the region. Chinese people in the region utilized residential rowhouse and special shophouse, which is a kind of shop adapted from rowhouses' sitting room or storage, for their commercial and industrial activities in urban areas, which had problems of limited space. They also realized high densities through vertical expansion of space in order to adjust to changing urban structure under execution of urban planning in cities of colonial area and rapid urbanization. Even though residence of Chinese in Southeast Asia was influenced by new political, social, economic and cultural rules of European colonies in Southeast Asia, it has continuously succeeded to the cultural tradition of China, their home country, in terms of planning principle which puts air well in the middle and hierarchial spacial construction method. Appearance of the open connected verandah, designed by Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore, can be regarded as one of the architectural characters. Hence, Chinese residence in cities of Southeast Asia can be understood as a new regional architectural culture in the context of European countries' urban planning and urbanization of colonial areas, Immigrants from southern China and their role, their adjustment to urban areas by utilizing mixed type houses of residence and business, cultural tradition of Chinese home country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.697-706
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• 2020

The relationship between education and work is of the greatest concern to individuals and society because they are the key drivers of growth and development. In the context of Industry 4.0, labor and educators are facing the challenges of big changes in the workplace. How to prepare undergraduate students for the world of employment has become the most important mission of higher education providers. This paper explored the competency gap in the labor market in Vietnam from the perspective of employees who have been dissatisfied with the current status. First, a qualitative method with the Delphi technique was applied to confirm this consensus in an employees' competency model. Then, the satisfaction level for each competency criterion was explored by applying the advance quantitative method, namely, best non-fuzzy performance approach. Lifelong learning was ranked first, followed by creativity and innovation, foreign languages, expertise and digitalization, adaptability, and finally, organizing and managing ability. Critical thinking and problem-solving were perceived to have the biggest gap. The order of competency satisfaction is useful in explaining the mismatch between education quality and labor market demand. The findings provide valuable guidelines for education managers who seek to bridge the competency gap and improve education quality.