• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2023

Recently, consumers have gained an interest in natural and minimally processed foods, inciting the food industry to consider using of natural products as preservatives. Strawberries are a widely consumed fruit but are also highly perishable. Therefore, in this study, the physicochemical properties of strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa) were evaluated after a 12-h treatment with lemon essential oil (Citrus×limon) or cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia) vapor during storage at 22℃ for 4 days in an accelerated shelf-life study and 4℃ for 18 days in a validation study. Weight loss was blunted in fruit treated with oil vapor during the first days of storage (p<0.05). Lemon essential oil delayed fruit darkening (p<0.05) but reduced the firmness of strawberries (p<0.05). Strawberries treated with cinnamon essential oil had a higher concentration of reducing sugars (p<0.05), and a decrease of 16.7% visible decay, although the difference was insignificant. Oil vapor treatment did not alter the pH, organic acid content, or soluble solid content during storage compared to the control. Since lemon and cinnamon essential oils have well-documented antimicrobial properties, they may be suitable for the natural preservation of fruit. This study provides new information on using essential oil vapor treatment to preserve fruits, and potentially decrease fruit loss and waste.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2024

Background: The objective of behavioral guidance is to establish effective communication that aligns with a child's requirements to manage disruptive behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Tell-Show-Do and Ask-Tell-Ask techniques in managing dental anxiety in children during their initial appointment. Methods: The study included 50 children (28 boys and 22 girls) without any prior experience between the ages of 7 and 11 at their first dental visit. The children were randomly categorized into two groups: Group 1, Tell Shows Do, and Group 2, Ask-Tell-Ask. Subsequently, all children underwent noninvasive treatment procedures such as restorations, sealants, and oral prophylaxis. Furthermore, behavioral management techniques were employed based on the allocated group. Finally, anxiety levels for all children were assessed using the Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) and heart rate at three different intervals (before, during, and after). The obtained data were entered into Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the mean and median values of the two groups and determine their effectiveness. Results: Children in the TSD group exhibited statistically significant heart rates and RMS-PS scores in intra-group comparisons. However, children in the ask-tell-ask group showed a significant reduction only in the RMS-PS scores (P < 0.001) but not in the measures used to assess heart rate (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Tell-Show-Do was more effective than ask-tell-ask in alleviating dental anxiety in children. The simultaneous application of these two strategies can synergistically alleviate dental anxiety during a child's initial dentist appointment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2828-2834
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• 2024

This research intends to recycle bone and incorporate it into concrete for radiation shielding application using Phy-X/PSD software. Cement, sand and granite were mixed in proportion of 0.5 kg:1 kg:1 kg to obtain sample A. Other concretes composing of cement, sand, granite and bone ash was in proportion 0.45 kg:1 kg:1 kg:0.05 kg, 0.1 kg:1 kg:1 kg:0.4 kg and 0.35 kg:1 kg:1 kg:0.15 kg to obtain samples B, C and D respectively. 0.5 water-to-cement (W/C) ratio was adopted throughout the mixes because the control mix contain the normal water quantity for normal hydration of cement. Replacing the bone ash for the cement in the fabricated concretes enhances their densities where the fabricated concretes' density decreased from 2.33 g/cm³ to 2.22 g/cm³ by raising the reinforcing bones fly ash concentration from 0 to 0.15 kg. Additionally, increasing the bones fly ash concentration within the fabricated concretes increases their linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) where the fabricated concretes' μ values at 0.662 MeV reach 0.181 cm^-1, 0.178 cm^-1, 0.174 cm^-1, and 0.171 cm^-1, respectively for concretes A, B, C, and D. The use of other local materials is recommended, as it improves waste management being the major aim of the sustainable development goal.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2024

This study reports the isolation of a bacterium capable of degrading agar and the characterization of its agarase. An agar-degrading marine bacterium JS-1 was isolated using Marine agar 2216 media from seawater collected from the seashore of Angolpo, Changwon, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea. An agar-degrading bacterium was named as Tenacibaculum sp. JS-1 by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The extracellular crude agarase was prepared from the culture media of Tenacibaculum sp. JS-1 and used for characterization. Relative activities at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60℃ were 39, 73, 100, 74, and 53%, respectively. Relative activities at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 46%, 67%, 100%, and 49%, respectively. Its extracellular agarase showed maximum activity (164 U/l) at pH 7.0 and 40℃ in a 20 mM GTA buffer. The residual activities after heat treatment at 20, 30, and 50℃ for 30 min were 84, 73, and 26% or more, respectively. After 2 h heat treatment at 20, 30, 40, and 50℃, the residual activities were 80, 64, 52 and 21%, respectively. Thin layer chromatography analysis suggested that Tenacibaculum sp. JS-1 produces extracellular β-agarases that hydrolyze agarose to produce neoagarooligosaccharides, including neoagarohexaose (12.3%), neoagarotetraose (65.1%), and neoagarobiose (22.6%) at 6 h. Tenacibaculum sp. JS-1 and its β-agarase could be valuable for producing neoagarooligosaccharides with a variety of functional properties. These properties include inhibiting bacterial growth, slowing down starch degradation, and whitening, which are of interest for pharmaceuticals, food, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2006

Objective: To evaluate the impact of endometriosis on IVF-ET cycles and to compare IVF outcomes between stage I/II and stage III/IV endometriosis. Methods: We analyzed 697 patients (1,199 cycles) with endometriosis (stage I-II:638 cycles, stage III-IV: 561 cycles) and 325 pts (459 cycles) with tubal factor as controls between January 1994 and April 2004. Pts with endometriosis were diagnosed by laparoscopy and medical and surgical treatment were done in 353 cycles (55.3%) and 466 cycles (83.1%) of stage I-ll/stage III-IV endometriosis. Cycles with age>35 years or FSH>20 miU/mL or severe male factor infertility were excluded. Results: The number of retrieved oocytes ($9.97{\pm}7.2$ vs. $13.4{\pm}7.9$ (p<0.0001 )), total number of embryos ($6.5{\pm}4.8$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)), and good quality embryos ($2.43{\pm}1.6$ vs. $2.74{\pm}1.7$ (p=0.013)) significantly decreased in stage III-IV endometriosis than in control. But pregnancy rate of stage III-IV endometriosis was comparable with control (35.7% vs. 36.8%). Fertilization rate and number of total embryos were lower in stage I-II endometriosis than in control ($64.8{\pm}22.9$ vs. $70.8{\pm}20.8$ (p<0.0001), $7.6{\pm}5.0$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)). In patients with medical and surgical treatment of endometriosis, pregnancy rate and live birth rate was significantly lower in stage I-II than in stage III-IV endometriosis (29.2 vs. 36.2 (%), p=0.045, 23.9 vs. 31.5 (%), p=0.043). There was no difference in the mean age, but the duration of infertility was significantly longer ($56.5{\pm}26.3$ vs. $46.9{\pm}25.8$ (mon), p<0.0001) and fertilization rate was lower ($64.7{\pm}23.3$ vs. $70.5{\pm}22.7$ (%), p=0.001) in stage I-II than stage III-IV endometriosis. Conclusion: We suggest that IVF should be considered earlier in patients with minimal to mild endometriosis because of significantly decreased fertilization rates.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 1999

The stochiometric mixture of evaporating materials for the $AgInSe_2$single crystal thin films were prepared from horizontal furnace. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the $AgInSe_2$polycrystal, it was found tetragonal structure whose lattice constant $a_0$ and $C_0$ were 6.092 $\AA$ and 11.688 $\AA$, respectively. To obtain the single crystal thin films of AgInSe$_2$, the mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulator GaAs(100) substrate by HWE system. The source and substrate temperature were fixed to $610^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$ respectively, and the thickness of the single thin films was obtained to 3.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The crystallization of single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence (PL) and double crystal X-ray dirrfaction (DCXD). The Hall effect was measured by the method of van der Pauw and carrier density and mobility dependence on temperature were studied. The carrier density and mobility of $AgInSe_2$single crystal thin films deduced from Hall data are $9.58{\times}10^{22} electron/m^3,\; 3.42{\times}10^{-2}m^2/V{\cdot}s$ at 293 K, respectively. From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c-axis of the $AgInSe_2$single crystal thin film, the spin orbit coupling $\Delta$So and the crystal field splitting $\Delta$Cr were obtained to 0.29 eV and 0.12 eV at 20 K respectively. From PL peaks measured at 20 K, 881.1 nm (1.4071 eV) and 882.4 nm (1.4051 eV) mean $E_x^U$ the upper polariton and $E_x^L$ the lower polariton of the free exciton $(E_x)$, also 884.1 nm (1.402 eV) express $I_2 peak of donor-bound exciton emission and 885.9 nm (1.3995 Ev) emerges $I_1$ peak of acceptor-bound exciton emission. In addition, the peak observed at 887.5 nm (1.3970 eV) was analyzed to be PL peak due to DAP.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.2 s.116
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• pp.167-177
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• 2006

Both fish community and water quality in Lake Doam were investigated from September 2004 to August 2005. The turbidity of Lake Doam located in the upper region of the Songchun River in the South River system, Korea was high whole year due to the effects of distributed non point source pollutions in the watersheds. During the experimental periods, mean concentration of chlorophyll-a in epilimnetic layer (0 ${\sim}$ 5 m) was 18.5 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and transparency ranged from 0.3 m to 2.4 m. Average TP and TN concentrations were 111 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and 4.1 $mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Lake was classified as eutrophic state based on the nutrient concentrations suggested by U.S.EPA (1976). Total number of fish collected in Lake Doam was 9,600 individuals in 26 species of 6 family. Both dominant and subdominant species in the lake were P. herzi (34.9%) and Z. platypus (22.5%), respectively. Occurrence of water column species was high at upper region of the lake, whereas benthic type of species highly ,appeared in downstream area. The different fish assemblage between upper and lower area would be considered as the difference of bottom substrate and concentrations of suspended solids. In addition high appearance of Comat type of fish that is hybrid between gold fish (C, auratus) and C. auratus was found in the lake. It was unclear the reasons that high proportion of mutant species appeared in the lake. More researches are required in this area in future.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.411-418
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• 2017

In the domestic case, although technological capabilities are recognized globally in the IT field, it is actually that the technical capabilities of the domestic leisure ship market which is formed mainly by fishing vessels are not beyond their technical capabilities At the point where the GNP of our country already goes over 22,000 dollars, the demand for the products related to the middle and small leisure boats is gradually increasing, but most of the high added value products depend on the imports from U.S.A. and Europe. And in case of the cars, with the Car Navigation as the start, products which satisfies various demands of the users are coming out in large quantity and now the IT technology is the necessity which can not be lived without in the car industry. Thus, if the digital ship navigator which jointed the recent ICT technology which was applied to the land for the domestic middle and small leisure ships by utilizing the embedded hardware technology and mapping technology which are credible is developed and distributed, it will become not only the opportunity to improve the industry related to middle and small ship IT, but also, the export about overseas market can be expected.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.323-332
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• 2018

Recent two moderate earthquakes (2016 $M_w=5.4$ Gyeongju and 2017 $M_w=5.5$ Pohang) in Korea provided the unique chance of developing a set of relations to estimate instrumental seismic intensity in Korea by augmenting the time-history data from MMI seismic intensity regions above V to the insufficient data previously accumulated from the MMI regions limited up to IV. The MMI intensity regions of V and VI was identified by delineating the epicentral distance from the reference intensity statistics in distance derived by using the integrated MMI data obtained by combining the intensity survey results of KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) and 'DYFI (Did You Feel It)' MMIs of USGS. The time-histories of the seismic stations from the MMI intensity regions above V were then preprocessed by applying the previously developed site-correction filters to be converted to a site-equivalent condition in a manner consistent with the previous study. The average values of the ground-motion parameters for the three ground motion parameters of PGA, PGV and BSPGA (Bracketed Summation of PGA per second for 30 seconds) were calculated for the MMI=V and VI and used to generate the dataset of the average values of the ground-motion parameters for the individual MMIs from I to VI. Based on this dataset, the linear regression analysis resulted in the following relations with proposed valid ranges of MMI. $MMI=2.36{\times}log_{10}(PGA(gal))+1.44$ ($I{\leq}MMI$$MMI=2.44{\times}log_{10}(PGV(kine))+4.86$ ($I{\leq}MMI$$MMI=2.59{\times}log_{10}(BSPGA(gal{\cdot}sec))-1.02$ ($I{\leq}MMI$

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the degree of distribution influences the calibration of snow and runoff in distributed hydrological models using a multi-criteria calibration method. The Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) developed by NOAA-National Weather Service (NWS) is employed to estimate optimized parameter sets. We have 3 scenarios depended on the model complexity for estimating best parameter sets: Lumped, Semi-Distributed, and Fully-Distributed. For the case study, the Durango River Basin, Colorado is selected as a study basin to consider both snow and water balance components. This study basin is in the mountainous western U.S. area and consists of 108 Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) grid cells. 5 and 13 parameters of snow and water balance models are calibrated with the Multi-Objective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (MOSCEM) algorithm. Model calibration and validation are conducted on 4km HRAP grids with 5 years (2001-2005) meteorological data and observations. Through case study, we show that snow and streamflow simulations are improved with multiple criteria calibrations without considering model complexity. In particular, we confirm that semi- and fully distributed models are better performances than those of lumped model. In case of lumped model, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values improve by 35% on snow average and 42% on runoff from a priori parameter set through multi-criteria calibrations. On the other hand, the RMSE values are improved by 40% and 43% for snow and runoff on semi- and fully-distributed models.