• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.74-89
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• 2002

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of unplanned endotracheal extubation and to identify the influencing factor of unplanned extubation in ICUs for providing baseline data in developing prevention strategies and administrative standards. the medical records and hospital information system. In order to analyze factors related to unplanned extubation, the subjects of this study were divided by unplanned extubation group and planned extubation group and were matched by its sex, age, and disease groups in a ratio of one to two. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$- test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis with SPSSWIN 10.0 program. Result : 1) Forty-seven(4.99%) of 942 intubated patients experienced unplanned extubation 65 times during the twelve-month period. Thirtyfour( 72.34%) of 47 unplanned extubated patients required reintubation, whereas thirteen patients(27.66%) did not. 2) About half of unplanned extubation(46.8%) occurred during the night shift. 3) As for the nursing activity, respiratory nursing activity score(P=.0.06) and total nursing activity score(P=.011) showed statistically significant differences between unplanned extubation group and planned extubation group. 4) As for the patient status, unplanned extubation group showed more lower consciousness level(P=.000), more irritable or agitated behavior(P=.000), and had more applied physical restraints(P=.000) than planned extubation group. 5) As for the intubation related variables, unplanned extubation group revealed more intubated with respiratory failure(P=.000), more dependent on mechanical ventilation(P=.015) than planned extubation group. 6) Factors affecting unplanned extubations in intensive care unit patients were irritable or agitated behavior(odds ratio=13.757), night shift(odds ratio=7.166), and mechanical ventilation(odds ratio=6.257) from conditional logistic regression analysis. Conclusion : The most affecting factor of unplanned extubation was agitated or irritable behavior. Therefore the results of this study could be helpful to ICU nurses for meticulous care, decision making, timely intervention, and development of intervention strategies for preventing unplanned extubation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

Purpose: Since the 19th century many concrete models and theories for the ideal city had been proposed and in some way had affected on the ideal urban plans in the 20th century. Modern cities in the 20th century faced a total chaos, due to the world war and new social paradigm came from the development of technology. These social context leads us to be interested in ideal city. And two planned cities; Chandigarh, India and Brasilia, Brasil, are meaningful as the result of the modern ideal city in the early 20th century even though they completed just in part. Method: This study is focused on the characteristics of the modern ideal city in the early 20th century based on comparison with two realized cities. There are similarities and differences in their background, concept, and the characteristics of form and space. Result: First, both cities are required to make monumental and symbolic images by political issues. For this, Le Corbusier proposed the grid system for a metaphorical city and L. Costa defined the urban form with abstract axis for a mythological city. Second, the administrative districts in both cities are planned as symbolic places by formative buildings and their hierarchical arrangement. For neighbourhood unit 'Sector' in Chandigarh and 'Superquadras' in Brasilia are used for the neighbourhood unit respectively. Third, the car-oriented road system and urban environment by population overcrowding in tow cities are criticized in common. Consequently, as we can see, the modern ideal city in the early 20th century succeeds in making symbolic urban image, but exposes the limitation of sustainability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.220-229
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• 2011

The present research integrates the core aspects of anger with the theory of planned behavior to investigate factors influencing online activism in a Web site. This study conducted online survey, and the sample was members who joined the V4400 Sobi-ja-heem Web site. The Web site Sobi-ja-heem was initiated by a consumer who was irritated at the cell phone manufacturer Samsung Inc. because its model, "Anycall" had major product defects such as the malfunction of the camcorder, poor tone quality, fuzziness of the screen, and broken text messages. The findings suggests that adding anger in Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) enhances the explanatory power of the theory in predicting an intention to participate in activities to correct the issue, which indicates the possibility of combining emotion and the TPB in the prediction of online activism.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.344-358
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• 2013

Vietnam's growth as the second largest coffee producer in the world has been fueled by domestic migration into central highlands. However, the detail migration processes have not been explicitly discussed. In particular, the existing literatures tend to describe the migration flow in a framework of planned migration versus spontaneous migration, paying less attention to the linkage between them. With a case study of Dak Lak province which is the leading robusta producer in Vietnam, this research investigates the linkage between planned and spontaneous migration in a multiscalar approach. The statistic data allow the researcher to know temporal association between the two type of migration in a provine scale. The survey and interview about two coffee-producing communes - Ea H'Ding in Cu M'gar district and Doan Ket in Krung Buk district - inform us that the linkage between planned and spontaneous migration is contingent to the local contexts including ethnic composition, timing of settlements, governement's development program, and timing of a large flow of in-migration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.537-548
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting exercise intention and exercise behavior, and to examine the determinants of exercise intention and exercise behavior in the sample of middle-aged women. The subjects who participated in this study were 263 middle-aged women. The instruments used for this study was a survey of general characteristics, attitude (18 items), subjective norm (2 items), perceived behavioral control (19 items), intention (3 items), and exercise behavior (7 items and 23 items for each). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis with SAS PC program. The hypothetical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was tested by use of LISREL 8.12a program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good(chi-square=11.76, p=0.03, RMSEA=0.07, standardized RMR= 0.03, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.95). 2) Perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm were significant determinants of exercise intention, and these variables explained 35% of the total variance of exercise intention. 3) Perceived behavioral control, intention, and attitude were significant determinants of exercise behavior. But, subjective norm was not a significant determinants. These four variables explained 69% of the total variance of exercise behavior. In conclusion, this study shows the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exercise behavior of middle-aged women, and suggests that health care providers should focus on perceived behavioral control and attitude rather than subjective norm to improve exercise behavior of middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.963-973
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• 2021

Based on the TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior), this study explores the physical education perceived by college students by applying the causal relationship (SEM) to life sports, participation intention, and participation behavior perceived by college students in the Covid-19 environment, and to provide basic data for predicting life sports events. For this, a total of 267 people were analyzed using the mobile program "Survey Monkey" according to the sample plan from December 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020. As a result of the study, it was found that the planned behavior theory had a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with the intention to participate in physical education. The planned behavior theory showed that there was a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with the life sports participation behavior. Lastly, the intention to participate in physical sports was found to have a statistically significant positive(+) correlation with participation in physical sports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.707-718
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• 2019

This study assessed the nutrient consumption of children from lunch at day care centers and kindergartens. A total of 184 lunch plates were selected in two child day care centers and two kindergartens in Seoul. Weights of the menus in planned meals were measured and amount of served and consumed lunches were calculated using a digital photography technique. Nutrients of the planned, served, and consumed lunches were assessed using CAN-Pro 4.0 and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) was calculated for each meal. Compared with the estimated energy requirement for lunch for 3-5 year old children, the planned meals of the child day care centers and kindergartens contributed 42.8% and 98.8% of the daily energy requirements, respectively. At a child day care center, a served meal provided more nutrients than a planned meal since some children requested more servings after eating the served meals. This showed that the planned meal did not meet children's needs as well as the nutrient requirements. At the other child care center, children were served less than the planned meal by 6.8%, which resulted in serving less energy, calcium, potassium, and vitamin C than the required nutrients for lunch. Kindergarten A served meals with the energy requirement for lunch of 101.8%, but Kindergarten B served a meal with the energy requirement of 83.5%. Since the served portions were too small to meet nutrient requirements of the children, they consumed almost all the food served, and their nutrient consumption was similar to the nutrients served. Even though they consumed all the food served, their nutrient consumption did not meet their nutritional requirements. When assessed by INQ, the quality of the meal was good; children could consume enough nutrients when served proper quantity. Teachers who are responsible for serving meals need to be educated on proper portion sizes and how to encourage children to practice healthy eating. To promote healthy eating among children, parents need to provide children with messages consistent with what they have learned at institutions and to be a good role model in daily dietary life.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1040-1048
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• 2010

An infiltration storage can be installed as a method of reducing runoff from catchment and increasing stream flow during the dry period by recharging groundwater. However, there is no proper model and method that can be used to design storage capacity of an infiltration storage in Korea. The purpose of the study is to evaluate capacities of infiltration storages planned on Jeju-do in Korea by modifying Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The basic equations for the infiltration storage are same as those of the infiltration trench used in MIDUSS. Infiltration rates of the infiltration storages were first measured by double ring infiltrometers, and then the modified model was applied to evaluate adequacy for the capacities of three infiltration storages planned on Jeju-do in Korea. The application results show that the two infiltration storages with higher infiltration rates have adequate capacities to infiltrate the total water inflow to the storages. However, the other infiltration storage with lower infiltration rates has not sufficient capacity to infiltrate the total water inflow to the storage and release occurs to the downstream region. The simulation model and method applied can be used for capacity evaluation of future infiltration storages on highly pervious areas in Jeju-do.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1791-1796
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• 2005

Semi-shield tunneling is one of the propulsion construction methods used to lay pipes underground between two pits named 'entrance' and 'destination', respectively. Usually a simple composition, such as 'a fiducial target at the entrance+a total station (TS)+a target on the machine', is used to confirm the planned course. However, unavoidable curved sections are present in small-sized pipe lines, which are laid after implementation of a road system, for public works such as waterworks, sewer, electrical power, and gas and communication networks. Therefore, if the planned course has a curved section, it is difficult to survey the course with the abovementioned simple composition. This difficulty could be solved by using the multiple total stations (MTS), which attaches the cross type linear LED target to oneself. The MTS are disposed to where each TS can detect the LED target at the other TS or the base point or the machine. And the accurate relative positions between each MTS and target are calculated from measured data. This research proposes the relative and absolute coordinate calculation algorithm by using three MTS to measure a curved course with 20m curvature at 30m maximum distance, and verifies the algorithm experimentally.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.73-92
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• 2006

This paper investigates the causal relationships between financial attitudes, spending behaviors and the financial satisfaction of adolescent consumers. The study used Cronbach' $\alpha$, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, multiple regression and path analysis for statistical analysis and applied it to 1,252 questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows: Path analysis revealed that the financial satisfaction of adolescents had a direct linear relationship with variables such as grade, sex, financial attitudes. (financial situation compared to past and financial situation compared to others) and types of spending behaviors (planned, conspicuous and excessive). Planned spending behavior was the most influential variable on financial satisfaction. Planned spending behavior had positive linear relationship with the attitude toward the past financial situation. Conspicuous spending behavior had positive linear relationships with the attitudes toward the past financial situation and the financial situation compared to others. However, it showed negative relationship with the attitude toward a future financial situation. Impulsive spending behavior had a positive relationship with the attitude toward others' financial situation. Excessive spending had a positive relationship with the attitude toward a past financial situation but showed a negative relationship to the attitude toward others' financial situation.