• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.102-112
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• 1999

히로시마만에 존재하고있는 간석지에 있어서 유입하천의 유무, 폐쇄성 등의 환경조건이나 조성 후 경과연수가 다른 인공간석지 7개소와 자연간석지 3개소를 선정해 간석지 토양에 있어서 물리화학적 및 생물학적인 구조나 유기물분해기능에 관해 비교 검토하였다. 또한 인공간석지에 있어서는 입지장소, 조성방법, 조성 후 경과연수 등의 차이에 의한 영향, 자연간석지와 동일하게 조성하기 위한 조성인자를 검토해서, 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 인공간석지는 자연간석지와 다른 특성을 갖고 있는 것과 그렇지 못한 것으로 분리되었다. 그렇지만 대부분이 자연간석지와 전혀 다른 특성을 나타내었다 토양구조 중에서 가장 다르게 나타난 것은 세균수, 실트함유량, 유기물함유량을 들 수 있으며, 각 실험 항목이 인공간석지 보다 자연간석지가 높은 값을 나타내었다. 자연간석지와 현저하게 차이를 보인 세균수, 실트함유량 및 유기물함유량에 관해서, 각 인공간석지의 조성 후 경과연수, 표면구배, 유입 하천의 유무, 폐쇄성 등의 조성 인자와의 상관성을 분석 했지만, 명확한 상관관계는 알 수 없었다. 자연간석지와 유사한 토양구조 특성을 갖기 위한 간석지를 조성하는 데에는, 간석지 전면에 있어서 해수로부터 실트 성분이 침강 가능한 장소의 선정이 중요하다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2000

The results of analyzing the cognition of CPR by college students who major in public health or not order to enhance the educational efficiency of first aid ability and its expansion are as follows. 1. In case of students majoring in public health, the students who have the knowledge of term 'CPR' are 95.3% of total 300 students and 62.6% of the students who don't major in public health know it. In the item test of examining the degree of theoretical knowledge of CPR, the cases who know all 12 items are 5.2% and 1.6% respectively in cases who major in public health and don't major in it and it is judged that the extension of educational opportunity for them should be urgent. 2. The students who have experienced the practice of CPR are 20.6% in case who major in public health and 7.4% in other case. Therefore it seems to desirable that indirect field experience should be obtained by strengthening practice centered education. 3. The order of practice to examine the CPR ability is asked and the students who show very good remark are just 21~22% in both cases and they conducted very ineffective CPR and it is examined that they did first aid which may a serious damage to patients. Then the cases who recovered pulse and respiration after CPR were very low as 28.8% in the students who major in public health and 35.7% in others. It is therefore considered that the exact education of conducting the maintenance of respiratory trace, artificial respiration and CPR is necessary. 4. The cases who had the education of CPR were 51% in the students who major in public health and 39.4% in others, who had little opportunities to have CPR and 92.5~93.2% in both groups fee the necessity of continuous education and it is very encouraging to extend the education of CPR. 5. The education of CPR is mainly done at school (70.3~79.4%) and from teachers (52.7~55.4%) and 71.2% of the students majoring in public health responded that it is good for them to have education of CPR at school and lecture by first-aider and 58.9% of others did it. The cases who ask for lecture by the Professors of Dept. of First-Aid are 11.8 in students majoring in public health and 13.1% in others and it is judged that lecture by them having the theoretical foundation and first-aider with practical ability will be desirable. 6. On teaching methods, 57.5% of the cases majoring in public health and 63.3% of others ask for practice and 20% of both groups need theory centered teaching. 7. On lecture fee, 83% of the cases majoring in public health and 83.3% of others consider it should be free and 8~11.8% who are to pay for 10,000 won and it is judged that it should be opened and operated as liberal arts by college in the dimension of lifelong education. 8. On the objects of education, 83% of cases majoring in public health and 66.6% of others consider it should be conducted in people of all ages and both sexes and it is known that everyone recognizes the necessity of popularizing the education of first-aid.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was designed to examine physiological changes in the body of rescuers conduct CPR according to the 2005 new guideline from American Heart Association. The ratio of artificial respiration has changed from 15 : 2 into 30 : 2 in 2005. The researcher tried to know the correlation between the physiological changes and the accuracy of CPR. Method : The examinees of this study were 26 students (Dept. of Emergency Medical Service). After the training, participants conducted 10 minute CPR and soon after the CPR, their vital signs were checked, and lactic acid and concentration of ammonia were analysed from their blood samples. Questionnaires to ask their subjective fatigue level were filled out after blood samples and 10 minute - CPR was performed. Results : 1) After the CPR, concentrations of ammonia were $149.71{\mu}{\ell}/d{\ell}$ and $162.17{\mu}{\ell}/d{\ell}$ in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2, respectively. The number was higher in 30 : 2 but it wan not statistically meaningful (p = .493). Log value of lactic acid was a little higher in 30 : 2 with 42 log($mmol/{\ell}$) and 54 log($mmol/{\ell}$) in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2, respectively but it was not statistically meaningful (p = .113). 2) Blood pressure in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 were 118.50 mmHg and 125.08 mmHg while pulse in two different cases were 96.14 and 97.25, showing no statistically significant differences (blood pressure : p = .155, pulse : p = .841). 3) Subjective fatigue was a bit high in 30 : 2 with 5.93 and 6.92 points in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 respectively but it was not statistically meaningful (p = .142). 4) In the 10 minute CPR, respiration accuracy was 96.21% in 15 : 2 and 94.79% in 30 : 2. There was no statistical significances between the two(p = .225). In the meanwhile, chest compression accuracy was 92.57% in 15 : 2 and 91.83% in 30 : 2. From the beginning to the end of chest compression, there showed no difference(p = .425). the type of CPR did not influence upon the accuracy of chest compression(p = .756). Conclusion : In the CPR conducted by skilled rescuers for 10 minutes, there were no statistically meaningful differences between 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 in the concentration of fatigue element in a blood, subjective fatigue, vital signs and accuracy of CPR. Therefore, 30 : 2 CPR recommended by American Heart Association need to be recommended and performed in scene size up.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of learning desire in the health education of military drill curriculum and to furnish basic data for the effective health education at high school. A total of 594 high school students were participated in the questionnaires and the 12 domains & the 55 questions were utilized for this study. The survey was conducted from March 15 to March 27, 1993 and the collected date were analized by T-test and F-test. The results of this study are as followings : 1. In the 12 domains, respondents indicated high degree of learning desire in 'human & sex', 'nutrition' and 'disease of adult' in that order. However 'accident & disaster', 'transport & management' and 'nursing' were not highly ranked. 2. In the 55 questions, respondents showed high degree of learning desire in 'artificial respiration' & 'cardiopulmonary resuscitation', 'precautionary of adult disease' and 'sex & sex moral' in that order, but low degree of learning desire in 'the management of many wounded persons' and the 'synopsis of nursing'. 3. Comparing the degree of learning desire by grade, the 1st, the 3rd and the End grade were ranked in that order. The 1st and 3rd graders showed higher degree of learning desire in 'human & sex', and the 2nd graders in 'nutrition'. 4. Also, female students showed higher degree of learning desire than male students in general. Female students indicated it in 'nutrition', 'human & sex' and 'adult disease' in that order while male students in 'human & sex', 'adult disease' and 'nutrition' in that order. 5. The academic high school students showed higher degree of learning desire than the vocational high school students. 'Human & sex' was highest ranked at both academic and vocational high school students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1984

The influences of acute respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances on the carotid, renal and coronary blood flow were measured in dogs. Respiratory acidosis was induced by artificial respiration with 8% CO2 -02 gas mixture and respiratory alkalosis was induced by hyperventilation under the control of respirator. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were induced by intravenous infusion of 0.3N hydrochloric acid and 0.6M sodium bicarbonate solution. To observe the effect of hyperkalemia, isotonic potassium chloride solution was infused. CVI electromagnetic flowmeter probes were placed on the left common carotid artery, left renal artery and left circumflex coronary artery. Each flow was recorded on polygraph. 1. The carotid blood flow showed rapid showed rapid and marked increase in acute respiratory acidosis. Even in the cases when arterial blood pressure was lowered during the state of respiratory acidosis, carotid blood flow increased. By the infusion of hydrochloric acid, carotid blood flow increased slowly and returned to the previous label after discontinuation of the infusion. Carotid blood flow also increased by the infusion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate, but it might be the combined effect of expansion of extracellular fluid and compensatory elevation of carbon dioxide tension. 2.The renal blood flow remained unchanged during the acute acid-base disturbances, suggesting effective autoregulation. Renal blood flow, however, increased very slowly when the infusion of potassium chloride continued for a long period. 3.Although less marked than the carotid blood flow, the coronary blood flow increased in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis. In asphyxiated condition, coronary blood flow increased most markedly and this might be the combined effect of hypoxia, hypercapnea, and lowering of pH. In summary, the carotid blowflow showed more marked change in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis than the renal and coronary blood flow. Respiratory and metabolic components of acid-base disturbances may influence the local blood flow concomitantly, there being more differences in the individual responses, but respiratory component manifested more rapid and marked effect than metabolic component.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1983

Hypothermia is an essential preparatory procedure for cardiac surgery, which lows the metabolic rate and myocardial oxygen demand. However, hypothermia itself is a stress enough to change the tonus of sympathoadrenal system, especially the cardiovascular responses to the catecholamines. It is reported that the positive chronotropic and inotropic response of catecholamines is exaggerated during hypothermia because of decreased norepinephrine uptake at the junctional cleft or decreased catecholamine metabolism. On the other hand, there are evidences of diminished catecholamines responses in low temperature ana further, interconversion of adrenergic receptors is also suggested. Present investigation was planned to observe the cardiovascular changes and its responses to catecholamines during surface hypothermia in cat. Healthy mongrel cats, weighing $2{\sim}3\;kg$, anesthetized with secobarbital(30 mg/kg), were permitted to hypothermia by external cooling technic. Esophageal temperature, ECG (lead II), heart rate, left ventricular pressure with dP/dt, carotid artery pressure and left ventricular contractile force were monitored with Polygragh (Model 7, Grass), and the respiration was maintained with artificial respirator (V 5 KG, Narco). Followings are summarized results. 1) Surface cooling caused progressive decrease of body temperature and reached $l8.8{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$ and $16.9{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$ in 120 and 150 min respectively, after immersion into ice water, and ventricular fibrillation was developed at $20.4{\pm}0.65^{\circ}C$. 2) Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial contractility were decreased after initial increase as the body temperature falls. 3) Systolic and diastolicdd P/dt of left ventricular pressure were decreased and that the decrement of diastolic dP/dt was more marked. 4) On ECG, ST depression, Twave inversion and prolongation of PR interval were prominent in hypothermia, and moreover, the prolongation of PR interval was marked just prior to the development of ventricular fibrillation. 5) The cardiovascular responses to catecholamines, especially to isoproterenol, were suppressed under hypothermia.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2607-2615
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• 2011

본 연구는 심폐소생술 시행 시 구령집단과 비구령집단 간의 심폐소생술 정확도 비교를 통하여 심폐소생술 시행에 효율성과 정확성을 높이고자 한다. 본 연구는 G도에 소재 대학생 62명(비구령집단 31명, 구령집단 31명)을 편의추출 하였으며, 조사기간은 2010년 10월 7일부터 10월 21일까지 이루어졌다. 분석방법은 SPSS WIN(Version 12.0) 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 심폐소생술 시행 시 비구령집단이 구령집단보다 여러 영역에서 인공호흡과 가슴압박에 대한 심폐소생술의 정확도가 높게 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 차후 심폐소생술 교육과 술기를 수행함에 있어서 비구령방법을 적용해 볼 필요가 있다. 그리고 응급상황에서 구령방법과 비구령방밥 간의 효과성에 대한 지속적 연구도 필요하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5950-5957
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• 2012

흉부압박의 중단을 최소화하는 심폐소생술은 환자의 생존율 향상을 위한 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 목적은 이동 중 주들것에서 보조발판(C-step) 장착 여부에 따른 심폐소생술 정확도 및 오류를 파악하는 데 있다. 연구대상자는 C도 10개 소방서에 근무하고 있는 1급 응급구조사 70명(대조군 35명, 실험군 35명)으로 주들것에서 심폐소생술 정확도가 측정되었다. 연구결과 C-step을 적용한 주들것에서 심폐소생술은 적절한 흉부압박 높이와 안정된 자세를 제공해 흉부압박 정확도를 높이고(t=65.104, p=.000), 인공호흡 시 적절한 환기량을 공급하여 인공호흡 정확도를 높이며(t=5.207, p=.000) 심폐소생술 자신감 또한 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다(t=-10.612, p=.000). 결론적으로 주들것에 C-step 장착은 고품질의 심폐소생술(high quality CPR)을 충실히 수행해 심정지 환자의 생존율을 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

Background : The purpose of inner cannula is to protect the upper air way and permit air to pass freely, in addition, to provide endotracheal suction, artificial respiration and to maintain adequate oxygen saturation. The tube needs to be sterilized for maintenance and cleanness of air way and for prevention of bronchospasm. However, it has been reported that there is no guideline for sterilization and many hospitals conduct their own sterilization methods, for example, once a day(13's general hospital), three times a day(The Catholic University of Korea ST Mary's hospital) or even no cleansing. Consequently, the QI team of our hospital suggested the SOP(standard operating procedure) of sterilization and evaluate cost and time effect in nursing. Method : 1) Benchmarking of 13's neurosurgery department of general hospital in Seoul 2) Investigation of test records of sputum culture from patients with intubation for tracheotomy 3) Check of results of O2 Sat. monitoring to confirm of maintaining opened air way Result : 1) Improvement of process: decrease of excess sterilization of inner cannula (from 3 times a day to once a day) 2) Cost effects: saving over 10 million won per one year 3) Providing better nursing: time effects (30 min a day) permit to conduct more nursing activities Conclusion : It can get Cost and time effects in nursing with improved sterilization method of inner cannula. It needs to do research on improvement of the monthly exchange protocol of outer cannula and provide supporting data for the proper exchange schedule. The result of additional microorganism detection from patients with new process needs to be evaluated further more.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

본 연구는 동북아시아 지역의 이산화탄소 분포와 식생지수의 상관성 규명을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 지리가중치 분석기법을 활용하여 GOSAT 이산화탄소 측정자료와 MODIS 식생지수에 대해 다중공간회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 이산화탄소와 식생지수 사이에는 전체적인 (-)의 상관관계가 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 공간적 자기상관성 측정을 위한 Global Morans'I지수와 Anselin Local Morans'I 통계 분석 결과에서는 이산화탄소는 일정한 군집성을 보이며 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타나났다. 이러한 결과는 산림파괴와 같은 개발 활동이 이산화탄소의 배출에 영향을 미쳐 일정한 군집을 형성하게 된 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 이산화탄소의 분포는 인위적 배출원과 식생의 호흡, 해양의 배출과 흡수 등의 다양한 요인과 결부되어 달라지기 때문에 이산화탄소 분포에 개입되는 다양한 변수와 상관성을 평가하는 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.