• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2024

Purpose: This study compares the deformation of traditional resin dentures to resin dentures printed with digital light processing (DLP). Methods: Eleven edentulous research models were developed. Ten of them were made with traditional resin dentures. The remaining one was prepared for scanning and 3D (three-dimensional) printing. Ten traditional resin dentures were made, with the remaining artificial teeth created using 3D software and a DLP printer. Traditional resin dentures, 3D printed resin denture artificial teeth, and a denture base with artificial teeth were all cleaned simultaneously in an ultrasonic cleaner for 3 minutes. Three groups were assigned four artificial tooth measurement points, which were then measured with digital calipers. The measured data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The significance test was conducted using a nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis test due to the small number of specimens (α=0.05). Results: The traditional resin dentures had the lowest strain rate at -0.04%, while the group that manufactured only artificial teeth had the highest strain rate at -0.09%. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the 3 groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: During ultraviolet-type ultrasonic cleaning, traditional resin dentures (TD group) and denture base with artificial teeth made of DLP (DD group) demonstrated stable durability, whereas the artificial teeth made of DLP (AD group) with only artificial teeth did not show a good deformation rate.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the utilization efficiencies of electric energy and photosynthetically active radiation of lettuce grown under red LED, blue LED and fluorescent lamps with different photoperiods. Methods: Red LED with peak wavelength of 660 nm and blue LED with peak wavelength of 450 nm were used to analyze the effect of three levels of photoperiod (12/12 h, 16/8 h, 20/4 h) of LED illumination on light utilization efficiency of lettuce grown hydroponically in a closed plant production system (CPPS). Cool-white fluorescent lamps (FL) were used as the control. Photosynthetic photon flux, air temperature and relative humidity in CPPS were maintained at 230 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, $22/18^{\circ}C$ (light/darkness), and 70%, respectively. Electric conductivity and pH were controlled at 1.5-1.8 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and 5.5-6.0, respectively. The light utilization efficiency based on the chemical energy converted by photosynthesis, the accumulated electric energy consumed by artificial lighting sources, and the accumulated photosynthetically active radiation illuminated from artificial lighting sources were calculated. Results: As compared to the control, we found that the accumulated electric energy consumption decreased by 75.6% for red LED and by 70.7% for blue LED. The accumulated photosynthetically active radiation illuminated from red LED and blue LED decreased by 43.8% and 33.5%, respectively, compared with the control. The electric energy utilization efficiency (EEUE) of lettuce at growth stage 2 was 1.29-2.06% for red LED, 0.76-1.53% for blue LED, and 0.25-0.41% for FL. The photosynthetically active radiation utilization efficiency (PARUE) of lettuce was 6.25-9.95% for red LED, 3.75-7.49% for blue LED, and 2.77-4.62% for FL. EEUE and PARUE significantly increased with the increasing light period. Conclusions: From these results, illumination time of 16-20 h in a day was proposed to improve the light utilization efficiency of lettuce grown in a plant factory.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1959

1. 발아시부터 단일, 암기저온 조건하에서는 괴근은 전연 형성되지 않고, 장일조건에서만 괴근이 형성됨. 따라서 장일조건이 고구마괴근 형성에 대한 유도조건 내지 촉진조건임을 알 수 있다. 2. 본실험은 시종 약전광(300W 전구 사용)으로 재배하였기 때문에 동화작용이나 생장이 특히 미약한 상태에서도 괴근이 유도되었다. 따라서 괴근형성에는 동화물질이나 생장보다도 장일조건이 직접적결요인을 이루는 1종자극을 성립하는 것으로 보인다. 3. 장기조건과 단일조건하의 근계가 서로 특이한 상태를 나타냈고 그것은 단일과 장일조건이 이룬 자극과 관계하는 것으로 보인다. 4. 고구마괴근이 장일조건에 유되되는 사실의 생태학적 의의를 고찰함.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2017

본 논문은 프리즘 구조물의 집광효과를 이용하여 옥외용 사이니지 이산형 LED 패널의 광학적 불연속성을 개선할 수 있는 방법적 접근에 관한 것이다. 광투과성이 우수한 Polycarbonate에 MEMS(Microelectromechanical systems) 공정 및 극초단파(Femto-second) 레이저를 이용하여 프리즘 형태를 패터닝을 하였다. 패터닝된 polycarbonate는 light guide film의 역할을 하여 서로 다른 디스플레이 패널에서 발생하는 빛을 프리즘 구조에 의해 한 곳으로 모이게 함을 확인하였다. Polycarbonate와 디스플레이 패널의 간격에 따라 디스플레이 패널간의 거리를 조절할 수 있었으며 한 곳으로 모인 빛은 마치 두 디스플레이 패널이 연결된 것과 같은 효과를 나타내었다. 이는 아웃도어 사이니지용 디스플레이 패널에서 발생하는 문제점인 광학적 불연속성을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 인공피음에 의해서 광조건을 3단계로 달리하여 생육시킨 펜둘라자작나무, 층층나무, 물푸레나무를 대상으로 생장량과 물질생산량 등 특성을 조사하여 생리ㆍ생태적 특성을 밝히고자 연구를 실시하였다. 인공피음처리에 따른 조사 대상 수종의 묘고생장 차이는 거의 없었으며, 근원직경의 생장은 전광처리구가 투광율 7-10%의 피음처리구보다 상대생장율이 29-32% 이상 우수한 생장율을 나타냈다. 하지만 층층나무의 근원직경생장은 투광율 26-34% 처리구에서 높은 생장율을 나타냈다. 대부분의 수종에서 피음처리 수준에 따른 광량감소와 함께 총 물질생산량도 감소하였고, 잎과 줄기의 비율이 뿌리에 비해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 유묘의 T/R율은 대부분의 수종이 피음의 강도가 강할수록 T/R율이 높아지는 경향으로 전광처리구의 0.51∼l.13보다 투광율 7-10%의 강피음처리구가 1.00∼2.27로 높게 나타냈다. 전체적으로 비교할 때 인공피음처리에 의한 광량이 감소할수록 SLA, LAR, LWR은 광환경의 변화에 따른 피음의 강도가 강할수록 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 보이며 증가하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.677-688
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• 2006

Currently, the application of $TiO_2$ photocatalyst has been focused on purification and treatment of wastewater. However, the use of conventional $TiO_2$ slurry photocatalyst results in disadvantage of stirring during the reaction and of separation after the reaction. And the usage of artificial UV lamp has made the cost of photocatalyst treatment system high. Consequently, we studied that solar light/$TiO_2$ film system was designed and developed in order to examine disinfection characteristics of sewage wastewater treatment. The optimum conditions for disinfection such as solar light intensity, characteristic of sewage wastewater, amounts of $TiO_2$ and comparison of solar ligth/$TiO_2$ systems with UV light/$TiO_2$ system was examined. The results are as follows: (1) photocatalytic disinfection process with solar light in the presence of $TiO_2$ film more effectively killed total coliform (TC) than solar light or $TiO_2$ film absorption only. (2) The survival ratio of TC and residual ratio of organic material (BOD, CODcr) decreased with remain resistant material. (3) The survival ratio of TC and residual ratio of organic material (BOD, CODcr) decreased with the increase of amounts of $TiO_2$. (4) TC survival ratio decreased linearly with increasing UV light intensity. (5) The disinfection effect of solar light/$TiO_2$ slurry system decreased more than UV light/$TiO_2$ film systems. (6) The disinfection reaction followed first-order kinetics. We suggest that solar light instead of using artificial UV light was conducted to investigate the applicability of alternative energy source in the disinfection of TC and the degradation of organic material.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2004

In The Lighting design is important to acknowledge appearance space. Development of artificial light makes a extension to life space in the Modern life. With the rapid development of efficient light sources, have lighting design acquired the tools that allow artificial lighting to be produced with adequate illuminance levels. However, by the task of defining the objectives and methods behind discipline, of deciding on the criteria by which the artificial lighting that is now provide many available data to be anpaied. The main concern is which illuminace levels and types of lighting will ensure optimum visual performance, high productive and safety at design which are affordable. This study is support to standard design process with material reflection rate, installing the lighting fixture, task illuminance level and automatic arithmetic calculation during the lighting design. Lighting Design database can check and support other final lighting level. A quantitative light that is primarily oriented toward providing a recommended illuminance level, the criterion of develop a concept that goes beyond the requirements that would ensure productivity and safety to meet the needs of the architecture and interior space. illuminance level is compose to space task and space code according to KS A 3011. To be able to design the visual effect of an environment the central reference quantity has to provided the Database.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.69-69
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• 2013

In the area of artificial photosynthesis, particularly for the generation of hydrogen form water, much attention has been paid on organic-inorganic hybrid system. Most of all, a dye/TiO2-combined system has been suggested and its potential utility was well manifested. However, due to its complicated nature of charge interactions in between dye and TiO2 -interface there remains a great challenge to establish the charge-activity relationship, per se light driven charge generation and recombination kinetics with respect to the amount of hydrogen produced. Further complexity of that hybrid system has been witnessed when sacrificial donor and aqueous media are considered. To unveil the operating mechanism on such a dye/TiO2-combined system, we have prepared organic dyes suitable to account for the effect of sacrificial donor as well as water interactions, and prepared the typical dye-grafted TiO2 films to investigate charge-activity relationship. Femtosecond flash photolysis clearly defined the dye effects anchored on to the TiO2 platform. In addition, photodynamic data contemplated well to the dye orientation proposed by the DFT calculations. Recent findings provide fundamental understanding on the dye-grafted TiO2 system and establish a firm background how future dye-sensitized organic-inorganic hybrid system can be designed for the light driven hydrogen generation from water.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.630-639
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• 2021

Autonomous driving requires a computerized perception of the environment for safety and machine-learning evaluation. Recognizing semantic information is difficult, as the objective is to instantly recognize and distinguish items in the environment. Training a model with real-time semantic capability and high reliability requires extensive and specialized datasets. However, generalized datasets are unavailable and are typically difficult to construct for specific tasks. Hence, a light detection and ranging semantic dataset suitable for semantic simultaneous localization and mapping and specialized for autonomous driving is proposed. This dataset is provided in a form that can be easily used by users familiar with existing two-dimensional image datasets, and it contains various weather and light conditions collected from a complex and diverse practical setting. An incremental and suggestive annotation routine is proposed to improve annotation efficiency. A model is trained to simultaneously predict segmentation labels and suggest class-representative frames. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields a more efficient dataset than uniformly sampled datasets.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2019

식물의 생육과 형태는 광 환경에 영향을 받는다. 식물공장에서 재배되는 작물의 형태형성과 생육은 태양광과 다른 양상을 보이며 이는 태양광에 존재하는 원적색광 영역에 의한 영향으로 유추된다. 본 연구의 목적은 태양광 파장 유사 조합광(AS), 고압나트륨등(HPS) 및 원적색광을 추가한 고압나트륨등(HPS+FR)에서 재배된 오이의 형태형성과 생육을 비교하는 것이다. AS는 황 플라즈마 광원과 백열등, 녹색 광 차단 필름을 이용하여 제작하였다. 인공광원은 HPS를 이용하였고, 여기에 원적색광 LED를 추가하여 각 광원의 특성 및 식물의 형태형성, 생육 및 광합성 속도를 비교하였다. R/FR 값과 PSS는 AS와 HPS+FR이 유사하였다. 식물의 형태와 생육은 HPS와 HPS+FR 간에는 유의한 차이가 있었지만 AS와 HPS+FR간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. SPAD는 HPS에서 높았으며 광합성속도는 AS와 HPS에서 높았다. HPS+FR의 광합성 속도는 HPS에 비해 낮았지만 원적색광에 의한 엽면적과 엽병 길이 증가로 인해 수광 면적이 증가하였고, 결과적으로 AS와 유사한 생육이 나타난 것으로 판단되었다. 인공광원에 원적색광을 추가하였을 때 태양광 하에서와 유사한 광형태형성 및 생육이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 식물공장에서 기존의 인공광원에 원적색광을 추가하면 동일한 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.