• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.549-556
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• 2018

In November 2011, various artifacts were excavated from the No. 8 stone-lined tomb in Suchon-ri, Gongju by the Chungnam Institute of History and Culture. These included artifacts with lacquered mainframe and silvery metal ornament. These were recovered together with soil and underwent conservation treatment. In this paper, we discuss the scientific analysis and conservation treatment of the lacquered artifacts excavated from the Suchon-ri site. Among our findings is that the artifacts have three layers of lacquer coating and the metal parts are primarily composed of Ag. As the artifacts were recovered with soil from the site, the soil was removed from underneath and inside the artifacts. The inside of the lacquerware was reinforced with rayon paper using 3% funori, and the metal was treated with acrylic resin after removing the acrylic resin previously used to recover the artifact, followed by cleaning. The metal was also internally reinforced with gauze. Finally, the interior reinforcement was made using PVA and resin in pulp and attached with funori to preserve the shape of the lacquerware, and the exposed rayon was finished with acrylic paint. The main advantages of this study are its review of conservation treatment strategies for lacquer artifacts whose numbers have recently increased, and the application of new conservation treatment methods.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.7 s.103
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2005

The Ministry of National Defense has developed MND-AF and Defense-CBD methodology to make the integration and management of standardization effective through enhancing the interoperability and reusability of information systems. Yet no explicit guidelines or procedures have not been developed for the applying range and mutual relationship of the artifacts between MND-AF and Defense-CBD methodology. Thus, the development time is unnecessarily extended and budget also is increasing because both methodologies produce the artifacts respectively. This paper presents a reusability enhancement scheme for producing MND-AF artifacts according to Defense-CBD process by analyzing artifacts of two methodology les at each element level, so that it will reduce the overhead of producing the artifacts and enhance the completeness of the artifacts. In result, in the case of applying Defense-CBD methodology for developing a information system34 artifacts out of 37 MND-AF artifacts can be reusable.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2014

The stone artifacts in Bronze age from the Sinsongri sites in Seosan, Korea were studied on material characteristics and provenance presumptions. The use and rock names of the artifacts are a stone before processing, two semifinished stone arrowheads and a grinding stone plate by slates. In addition, there is semifinished stone arrowhead by andesitic rocks. The slate could be observed easily around the site, and the andesitic rock could be confirmed typical occurrences of the all kinds of rocks around the Kanwoldo and Hwangdori, Anmyun area above 10km from the site. As a result of analysis which is comparing between stone artifacts and same kinds of raw material rocks, the stone artifacts made by slates have similar lithology and geochemical characteristics however, the stone artifacts made by andesitic rocks are found a some different part of characteristics to the same kind of raw material rocks. Comparing of major, rare earth, compatible and incompatible elements about stones artifacts made by slates and by the same kinds of raw material rocks have same geochemical patterns. However stone artifacts made by andesites and the raw material rocks are confirmed some differences of geochemistry. Therefore the slate stone artifacts in Sinsongri site suggest that these are domestic-type which are made of the rocks around the site, and it was understood that the andesitic stone artifacts are foreign-type which need to get more geological survey and study about different volcanic artifacts of the site around the area.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

This paper surveyed 30 system designers and developers who had been participating in a project for five months to examine the usefulness of design artifacts for object-oriented system development. A set of nine requirement and design documents was selected in consideration of the IEEE guidelines. Overall the respondents appeared to agree that the artifacts were useful for system development. On the other hand, the contribution of design artifacts to maintenance was rated lower due to the frequent changes over the iterative process. Of the artifacts, considered more useful were use case specifications, UI design and operation specifications. The respondents were the most reluctant to write test cases. Designers did not like to document more details in the design artifacts than did developers. A future study is required to determine the economics end change management of documentation.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.14
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• pp.1-34
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• 1993

1. Metallurgical Properties of Iron artifacts excavated from Yangju-Mountain fortress were studied for the scientific conservation and metallurgical history of ancient Iron artifacts.2. Iron artifacts form Yangju-Mountain fortress were found to be the products of having well-established Carburizing and remelting technique in that period.3. These artifacts seem to be manufactured from very pure ores, because very pure ferrite structure and low impurity.4. Especially evidence of very suitable carburizing technic well-established and usealloying method of Fe-C system on purpose were found.5. Cast iron artifacts were found to be eutectic composition (4.31%) having lowestmelting point in Fe-C system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

Block based transform coding is most popular approach for image and video compression. However it suffers from severe quality degradation especially from blocking artifacts. The subjective quality degradation caused by such blocking artifacts in general does not agree well with an objecive quality measurement such as PSNR. Hence new quality evaluation technique is necessary. We propose a new image quality assessment method by measuring blocking artifacts for block based transform coded images. In order to characterize blocking artifacts, proposed method utilizes the facts that, blocking artifacts, when occur, have different pixel values along the block boundaries and such differences usually continuously span along the whole boundaries. This method does not require the original uncompressed image. It operates on single block boundary and quantifies the amount of blocking artifacts on it. Experiments on various compressed images various bitrates show that proposed quantitative measure of blocking artifacts matches well with the subjective quality of them judged by human visual system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.377-382
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• 2014

Because of using computer system in the field of medical radiology, many artifacts which can not be seen in film/screen system are being created, especially ghosting artifacts. This artifacts could be yielded by taking advantage of a flat panel Thin-Film Transistor array detector. Ghosting artifacts can be rarely seen in clinical practice when an image that has a high-contrast object within a region of high exposure is quickly followed by another image that puts the high-contrast ghosting image in an area of lower radiation exposure. In this experiment, the ghosting artifacts were minimized for approximately 3 minutes with the unaided eye and almost disappeared for 6 minutes quantitatively between exposures. Moreover, the artifacts were influenced by more tube voltage than current and those depended not upon the number of readout cycles, but upon time.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2017

Purpose: To quantify artifacts from different root filling materials in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired using different exposure parameters. Materials and Methods: Fifteen single-rooted teeth were scanned using 8 different exposure protocols with 3 different filling materials and once without filling material as a control group. Artifact quantification was performed by a trained observer who made measurements in the central axial slice of all acquired images in a fixed region of interest using ImageJ. Hyperdense artifacts, hypodense artifacts, and the remaining tooth area were identified, and the percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts, remaining tooth area, and tooth area affected by the artifacts were calculated. Artifacts were analyzed qualitatively by 2 observers using the following scores: absence (0), moderate presence (1), and high presence (2) for hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines. Two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test were used for quantitative and qualitative artifact analysis. The Dunnet test was also used for qualitative analysis. The significance level was set at P<.05. Results: There were no significant interactions among the exposure parameters in the quantitative or qualitative analysis. Significant differences were observed among the studied filling materials in all quantitative analyses. In the qualitative analyses, all materials differed from the control group in terms of hypodense and hyperdense lines (P<.05). Fiberglass posts did not differ statistically from the control group in terms of hypodense halos(P>.05). Conclusion: Different exposure parameters did not affect the objective or subjective observations of artifacts in CBCT images; however, the filling materials used in endodontic restorations did affect both types of assessments.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess artifacts generated in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 3 types of dental implants using 3 metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm conditions (pre-acquisition MAR, post-acquisition MAR, and no MAR), and 2 peak kilovoltage (kVp) settings. Materials and Methods: Titanium-zirconium, titanium, and zirconium alloy implants were placed in a dry mandible. CBCT images were acquired using 84 and 90 kVp and at normal resolution for all 3 MAR conditions. The images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate the intensity of artifacts for each combination of material and settings. A 3-factor analysis of variance model with up to 3-way interactions was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the mean intensity of artifacts associated with each factor. Results: The analysis of all 3 MAR conditions showed that using no MAR resulted in substantially more severe artifacts than either of the 2 MAR algorithms for the 3 implant materials; however, there were no significant differences between pre- and post-acquisition MAR. The 90 kVp setting generated less intense artifacts on average than the 84 kVp setting. The titanium-zirconium alloy generated significantly less intense artifacts than zirconium. Titanium generated artifacts at an intermediate level relative to the other 2 implant materials, but was not statistically significantly different from either. Conclusion: This in vitro study suggests that artifacts can be minimized by using a titanium-zirconium alloy at the 90 kVp setting, with either MAR setting.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2017

The In-loop filtering methods such as de-blocking filter and SAO(Sample Adaptive Offset) applied to the HEVC standard achieves coding efficiency and subjective quality improvement by reducing the blocking artifacts and the ringing artifacts. However, despite the use of In-loop filtering methods, the artifacts called a corner outlier occurring at the corner points of block boundaries are not removed. In this paper, the corner outlier artifacts are reduced by the detection, determination, and filtering processes on the corner outlier pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the subjective picture quality and slightly increases the coding efficiency in Inter prediction.