• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.414-419
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• 2006

Prostaglandins biosynthesis and nitric oxide production have been implicated in the process of inflammation and osteoarthritis. And nitric oxide (NO) activated the MMPs responsible for PG degradation in articular chondrocytes. Therefore, we have studied the effects on anti-inflammation and analgesic by ethyl acetate fraction from 70% ethanol extract of Perilla Frutescens (EPF). EPF inhibited LPS plus inflammation-cytokines-induced proteoglycan (PG) degradation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP-2,9) expression in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Also, EPF have inhibitory effects on LPS or LPS plus inflammation cytokines-induced nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in mouse macrophage andrabbit articular chondrocytes. These results suggest that EPF decreases PGE2, iNOS, MMPs activity and PG degradation in mouse macrophage and/or rabbit articular chondrocytes. In vivo, EPF was shown to have inhibitory effects on acetic acid-induced pain. The herbal extract with this profile, may have utility in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1998

In order to obtain a good result in Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction by immediate postoperative physical therapy, sufficient analgesia was needed. This study analyzes the analgesic effect of the intra-articular injection with ketorolac, Morphine together with bupivacaine in 80 male patients who had Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction. On completion of the surgery under spinal anesthesia, the knee was injected with 30ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. Each of the study group received ketorolac and/or morphine, either through parenteral or intra-articular. Total amount of the drug used by Patient Controlled Analgesia(PCA) and Visual Analgesia Scale(VAS) for pain were measured and analyzed. The group which received intra-articular ketorolac or Morphine had a better analgesic effect than other group which received none. The group which received both did not do better in analgesic effect. Intra-articular infusion with either ketorolac or Morphine improved postoperative analgesia in Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction surgery. However, combined injection did not offer more advantage.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT) is not single disease entity but one phase of disease spectrum. Symptoms of PTRCT vary from being asymptomatic to severe pain leading to deterioration in quality of life. Pathogenesis of degenerative PTRCT is multifactorial. Whereas articular sided PTRCT is usually caused by internal causes, both internal and external causes have important role in bursal sided PTRCT. A detailed history, clinical examination and magnetic resonance angiography are used in the diagnosis of PTRCT. Treatment of PTRCT is chosen based on age, demands of patients, causes and depth of tear. In most patients, non-operative treatment should be initiated. Whereas debridement can be done for less than 6 mm of articular sided PTRCT and in less than 3 mm of bursal sided PTRCT, repair techniques should be considered for higher grade PTRCT than that. Although the effect of acromioplasty is not clear, acromioplasty may be performed when the extrinsic causes appear to be the cause of tear. Either transtendon repair technique or repair after tear completion provided satisfactory clinical outcomes in treatment of articular sided PTRCT.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

We construct and test the polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system for imaging porcine and human articular cartilages. PS-OCT is a new imaging technology that provides information regarding not only the tissue structures but tissue components that show birefringence such as collagen. In this study, we measure the cartilage thickness of the porcine joint and the phase retardation due to collagen birefringence. Also, we demonstrate that changes of the collagen fiber orientation could be detected by the PS-OCT system. Finally, differences between normal and damaged human articular cartilage are observed using the PS-OCT system, which is then compared with the regular histology pictures. As a result, the PS-OCT system is proven to be effective for diagnosis of the pathology related to the cartilage. In the future, this technology may be used for discrimination of the collagen types. When combined with endoscope technologies, the PS-OCT images may become a useful tool for in vivo tissue testing.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1979

A number of experimental studies have been carried out in order to clarify the question as to how temporomandibular joint adapt to the changes of mandibular movement and occlusal equilibration. Recently, the studies on the interrelations between anatomical structure of temporomandibular joint and the state of occlusion have been actively performed in dentistry particularly in prosthodontic field. Author performed extraction of unilateral mandibular molars in 30 mature male rats, and observed histological changes of temporomandibular joint through the light microscope. Following results were obtained. 1. The loss of unilateral teeth gave rise to the changes in the location of condylar head, that is, interior displacement of condylar head in the extraction side and upper displacement in the non-extraction side. 2. Articular disk was compressed by the interior surface of condylar head, resulting in its extension below the condylar neck in the extraction side, and the histological arrangement of the compressed area showed irregular feature. 3. The extension of articular disk below the condylar neck was accompanied with the contraction of muscle fibers which were originated from the articular disk. 4. The cartilage layer of articular fossa to the exterior of the extraction side showed hypertropy. 5. Early in the experiment, the inernal extremity of condylar head of extract ion side showed bone resorption, and cartilage layer of condylar head showed hypertropy. At 12 weeks after experiment, the condylar surface showed flattened, and the cartilage layer of condylar head was replaced by the compact bone. 6. The articular disk showed the formation of pannus in the extraction side as well as in the non-extraction side. 7. The occlusal disturbance due to unilateral missing teeth has brought about the non-inflammatory retrogressive change and osteoarthrotic change late in the experiment.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of operative treatment of the intra-articular calcaneal fracture with injectable calcium sulfate ($MIIG^{TM}$). Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and October 2006, a total 19 intra-articular calcaneal fracture (16 patients) with a large bony defect that underwent operative treatment with plate fixation and injectable calcium sulfate ($MIIG^{TM}$) with minimum follow-up of one year following. The mean age at time of surgery was 44.7 years (23 to 54). All of the cases were type 2 and 3 on the basis of Sanders classification. The lateral L shaped approach was used in all cases. Full weight bearing on the affected extremity was regained at an average 10 weeks postoperatively. Results: The mean Bohler angle was improved from $2^{\circ}$ ($-18.5{\sim}12.5^{\circ}$) preoperatively to $23.8^{\circ}$ ($12{\sim}37.5^{\circ}$) and the angle at last follow-up was $22.5^{\circ}$ ($11.5{\sim}37.5^{\circ}$), showing about 0.3 degree decline compared to postoperative Bohler angle. Only two case of whitish leakage of graft material but other complication were none. Conclusion: $MIIG^{TM}$ augumentation of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture with large bone defect seems to bo useful method for initial stabilized and plate fixation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.560-567
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• 2018

In the present study, we tried to examine whether resveratrol regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through affecting nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) in articular chondrocytes. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure interleukin-${\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$)-induced gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), ADAMTS-5 and type II collagen. Effect of resveratrol on $IL-1{\beta}$-induced secretion of MMP-3 was investigated in rabbit articular chondrocytes using western blot analysis. To elucidate the action mechanism of resveratrol, effect of resveratrol on $IL-1{\beta}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway was investigated in SW1353, a human chondrosarcoma cell line, by western blot analysis. The results were as follows: (1) resveratrol inhibited the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, but increased the gene expression of type II collagen; (2) resveratrol reduced the secretion of MMP-3; (3) resveratrol inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa $B{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$); (4) resveratrol inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of gene expression of MMPs in SW1353 cells. These results suggest that resveratrol can regulate the expression of MMPs through affecting $NF-{\kappa}B$ by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.129-137
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• 2010

This case was report of intra-articular bee venom pharmacopuncture injection on the patient with Acute Traumatic Partial tear of meniscus. We used intra-articular bee venom pharmacopuncture injection to Acute Traumatic Partial tear of meniscus diagnosed by symptoms and MR imaging. Be under treatment if necessary we prescribed herbal medication and physiotherapy. The state of patient was measured by Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Walking time and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) Index score. After several times of treatments, noticeable reduction of pain was measured and increased time of walking on floor and decreased WOMAC score. This results suggest that intra-articular bee venom pharmacopuncture injection are effective to treatments of Acute Traumatic Partial tear of meniscus.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.4 s.43
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• pp.645-660
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• 1993

In this study, effects of incision of retrodiscal tissue and unilateral occlusal reduction on temporomandibular joint of rabbit were investigated. Twenty-seven adult New Zealand White Rabbits, weighing over 3.5kg, were utilized in this study. Temporomandibular joint surgery was performed in left temporomandibular joint of 24 rabbits to displace disc anteriorly through incising the retrodiscal tissue 1-2mm posterior to the disc. They were divided into two groups : twelve were left untreated after surgery, occlusal reduction was performed on left posterior teeth every 2 weeks in the other twelve rabbits, The remaining three served as the control group. The sample were sacrificed by 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery. Histologic examinations were performed after sacrificing them. The results were as follows : 1. Histologic findings which were manifested by flat articular fossa, broad articular surface, generalized recession of articular cartilage and sclerosis of subchondral bone were observed. These findings were similar to internal derangement. 2. In the rabbits untreated after surgery, thin cartilagenous layer and necrotic tissue were observed in 8 weeks group, calcifying cartilagenous layer was observed in 12 weeks group, and cartilagenous layer on anterior portion was observed in 16 weeks group. So, it showed gradual healing pattern into the normal tissue except displaced disc. 3. Occlusal trauma after surgery resulted in generalized recession of upper and lower articular surface. Necrosis and vertical split on condylar process of mandible were observed in 8 weeks group. Osteoclasts, exposure of subchondral bone due to erosion on upper and lower articular surface, and degenerative changes on retrodiscal tissue were observed in 16 weeks group. So, it showed continuous prowess pattern of osteoarthrosis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Background: The multitude of the therapeutic usefulness of intra-articular injection of hyaluronate on oateoarthritis of the knee is still in question. The objective of this systemic review was to elucidate both the therapeutic efficacy and the safety of intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee joints. Methods: I searched MEDLINE and Korea Medical Database (KMbase) from January 1990 to April 2007 using a combination search terms for knee osteoarthritis and hyaluronic acid and a filter for randomized controlled trials. I extracted data on pain at rest, and during or just after movement, on joint function, and on adverse events. Results: Ten trials that reported usable quantitative information on any of the predefined end points were identified and included in the systemic review. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid can decrease symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee. The study revealed significant improvements in pain and functional outcomes with few adverse effects. However, there was significant between-study heterogeneity in the estimates of the efficacy of hyaluronic acid. Sub-group analysis showed that lower methodological quality such as a single-blind or single-center design resulted in higher estimates hyaluronic acid efficacy, and that patients older than sixty years of age and those with the most advanced radiographic stage of osteoarthritis were less likely to benefit from intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid. Conclusion: According to the currently available evidence, intra-articular hyaluronic acid has been proven clinically effective for the patients bearing the knee osteoarthritis with NSAID-induced GI troubles or inapplicable to any surgery, and may be associated with lower risk of adverse events.