• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2011

Since the successful introduction of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and its combination with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, the prognosis for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has markedly improved. With ATRA and anthracycline-based-chemotherapy, the complete remission rate is greater than 90%, and the long-term survival rate is 70-89%. Moreover, arsenic trioxide (ATO), which was introduced for APL treatment in 1994, resulted in excellent remission rates in relapsed patients with APL, and more recently, several clinical studies have been designed to explore its role in initial therapy either alone or in combination with ATRA. APL is a rare disease in children and is frequently associated with hyperleukocytosis, which is a marker for higher risk of relapse and an increased incidence of microgranular morphology. The frequency of occurrence of the promyelocytic leu-kemia/retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML/$RAR{\alpha}$) isoforms bcr 2 and bcr 3 is higher in children than in adults. Although recent clinical studies have reported comparable long-term survival rates in patients with APL, therapy for APL in children is challenging because of the risk of early death and the potential long-term cardiac toxicity resulting from the need to use high doses of anthracyclines. Additional prospective, randomized, large clinical trials are needed to address several issues in pediatric APL and to possibly minimize or eliminate the need for chemotherapy by combining ATRA and ATO. In this review article, we discuss the molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic progress, and most recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of children with APL.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.743-750
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• 2011

This article deals with the sensor-less control of a DC Motor via a SEPIC Converter-Full Bridge combination powered through solar panels. We simultaneously regulate, both, the output voltage of the SEPIC-converter to a value larger than the solar panel output voltage, and the shaft angular velocity, in any of the turning senses, so that it tracks a pre-specified constant reference. The main result of our proposed control scheme is an efficient linear controller obtained via Lyapunov. This controller is based on measurements of the converter currents and voltages, and the DC motor armature current. The control law is derived using an exact stabilization error dynamics model, from which a static linear passive feedback control law is derived. All values of the constant references are parameterized in terms of the equilibrium point of the multivariable system: the SEPIC converter desired output voltage, the solar panel output voltage at its Maximun Power Point (MPP), and the DC motor desired constant angular velocity. The switched control realization of the designed average continuous feedback control law is accomplished by means of a, discrete-valued, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Experimental results are presented demonstrating the viability of our proposal.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.55-89
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• 2009

This article aims to critically review recent U. S. RMA-centered theories of warfare having prevailed after the 1991-92 Gulf War upon which the current ROKA military transformation project, the Vision 2020, largely based. In order to evaluate validity as a universal warfighing theory of NCW (Network Centric Warfare) and EBO (Effects-Based Operations), this article reviews the intrinsic strength and weakness of the theories as well as results of several recent wars that the U. S. Army conducted based on doctrines derived form such theories, In addition, this article examines the impact of certain military technology or weapon system in some well-known historical wars to draw lessons regarding the relationship between technology(weapon system) and military victory. Historical examples has shown that victories in war were not achieved by new technologies alone in most cases. Rather military victories tended to owe to combination of new technology, original doctrine and well conceived organization. Although the U. S. Armed Forces showed brilliant records of operational successes anchored on the system of PGMs and NCW concepts in Iraq (1991-92; 2003) and Afghanistan (2001-02), it must be pointed out that the operational successes did not bring about political ones in cases of Iraq and Afghanistan. It reminds us of perils of too technologically tilted approach to the conduct of war. In sum, one ought to recognize that superior technology nowadays became a necessary condition of success but is not yet a sufficient condition, the ROKA needs to be abreast with development trends of military technologies and related theoretical concepts, it need not too be in a hurry in adopting cutting edged war-making technologies at the expense of large amount of budget. The essay recommends for the ROKA several basic requirements for coping with conduct of future wars as well as establishing a 'Korean style military thought'; (1) Recognition of importance of technology in conduct of war; (2) Imposition of officer self-study hours in working days; (3) Establishing a lifestyle of military professionalism in the Korean officer corps; (4) Setting up small or large groups of think-tanks that are specialized in army doctrinal formulation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 2012

Background : This article presents long-term outcomes after correcting secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities using a refined reverse-U incision and V-Y plasty or in combination with a composite graft in order to elongate the short columella. Methods : A total of forty-six patients underwent surgery between September 1996 and December 2008. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 19 years of age. A bilateral reverse-U incision and V-Y plasty were used in 24 patients. A composite graft from the helical root was combined with a bilateral reverse-U incision in the 22 patients who possessed a severely shortened columella. The follow-up period ranged between 2 and 10 years. Results : A total of 32 patients out of 46 were evaluated postoperatively. The average columella length was significantly improved from an average of 3.7 mm preoperatively to 8.5 mm postoperatively. The average ratio of the columella height to the alar base width was 0.18 preoperatively and 0.29 postoperatively. The postoperative basal and lateral views revealed a better shape of the nostrils and columella. The elongated columella, combined with a composite graft, presented good maintenance of the corrected position with no growth disturbance. A composite graft showed color mismatching in several patients. Twenty-six patients demonstrated no alar-columella web deformity and satisfactory symmetry of the nostrils. Four patients experienced a drooping and overhanging of the corrected alar-columella web. Conclusions : A bilateral reverse-U incision with V-Y plasty or in combination with a composite graft was effective in correcting secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1660-1662
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• 2007

"BUDDEUMI is a new remedy of the synchronous combination of cupping boil and moxibustion for the exclusion of human body's waste product. It wishes the reach for improving the effect of cupping boil and moxibustion by the synchronous combination. As the negative pressure of cupping and the hot cure of moxa are made up of BUDDEUMI structural character. In order to determine the depth-hot effect of BUDDEUMI, clinical study was performed in the cancer of the prostate gland for several years. The targets of study was one person with the cancer of the prostate gland for several years. The BUDDEUMI was operated 3-4 times/ day, during 12 months on the Gowan-Won, Jang-Wan, Jeon Jung and the abdominal region & Jang-Gang, Meong-Moon, Dae-Chue and the back region. Therefore we compared PSA(prostate singular antigen: June, 2006/ June, 2007) before and after BUDDEUMI therapy. PSA significantly decreased in a comparison of before-treatment (30.76) and after 12 months (0.76). And the times of enuresis significantly decreased in a comparison of before-treatment (5-10 times) and after 12 months(1-2 times). The effects of BUDDEUMI are observed on the treatment of the cancer of the prostate gland. As "BUDDEUMI and BUDDEUMI's treatment" is expected to relieve pain, and for the healthy article of Senior-Friendly.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.275-294
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• 2001

This article aims to define the nature of proverbs from a polyphonic point of view and examine different readings of the complement involved in the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion. An utterer of a proverb is not himself the author of the proverb. He may well be a 'speaker' of a proverb, but from a polyphonic view point he is not an 'enunciator' of the principle that underlies it. When we say that a speaker of a proverb is not its enunciator, we do not simply mean that he is not the author of the 'content' of the proverb he speaks: we mean that he is not the author of its 'form' either. The fact that a proverb loses its proverbial character when one paraphrases it proves that its form is not at the speaker's disposal. But a single factor cannot be held responsible for what a proverb is. As an indicator of the 'wisdom of the nation,' or vox populi, a proverb is the achievement of the 'collective enunciator.' The polyphony inherent in the proverb pits a particular speaker against a collective enunciator. This collective character of the proverb as a vox populi comes from its character as a phrasal denomination. Given that a proverb reflects a collective judgment and not a personal opinion, how do we interpret the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion such as I think that ...\ulcorner Such a combination gives rise to readings at distinct levels: two types of metalinguistic reading and a reading based on the content of the proverb. The first level of reading, being applicative in nature, can be local or general, depending on the speaker's opinion as to the applicability of the proverb to a situation, particular or general. These applicative readings always involve polyphonic dissociation between the speaker and the enunciator. The second level of reading, which depends on the content of the proverb, is the result of the operation of deproverbialization, which makes the proverb lose its denominative status to preserve only its status as a generic phrase. The proverb, thus deproverbialized, looks like the series 'NP + VP.' For this reading, the speaker of the proverb takes into consideration the possibility of attributing a predicate to a nominal syntagm. Here occurs an identity between the speaker and the enunciator. It is not the case, however, that one can deproverbialize just any proverbs. In approaching to a locally typifying generic phrase, a proverb admits of being deproverbialized by an opinion verb only when its form does not render it difficult, either syntactically or metaphorically, to incorporate that proverb into the relevant combination, and when the proverb intrinsically possesses the traits that meet the conditions for the use of the opinion verb at hand. One can also maintain, based on the notion of deproverbialization, that a proverb expresses a collective judgment, a deproverbialized individual judgment.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.365-382
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• 2014

In this article, the force method and Charged System Search (CSS) algorithm are used for the analysis and optimal design of truss structures. The CSS algorithm is employed as the optimization tool and the force method is utilized for analysis. In this paper in addition to member's cross sections, redundant forces, geometry and topology variables are considered as the optimization variables. Minimum complementary energy principle is used directly to analyze the structure. In the presented method, redundant forces are calculated by the CSS in order to minimize the energy function. Combination of the CSS and force method leads to an efficient algorithm in comparison to some of the optimization algorithms.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2002

The combination of data warehousing and Internet technology produces a new concept - web warehousing. Due to the availability of web technologies and the need to make prompt decisions with timely information, web warehousing is emerging as a key strategic business weapon. Yet despite the many promising benefits of web warehousing, researchers have also identified several challenges, including scalability and availability. With the rise of the Internet and data centric computing applications, the use of new Storage Area Network (SAN) technology has been spotlighted for the possibility of a new data repository for web warehousing. In this article, the two new concepts of web warehousing and storage area networks are introduced. In particular, a SAN is discussed in detail as an alternative data repository to overcome the current limitations of web warehousing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.401-415
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• 2017

In this article, hygro-thermo-mechanical vibration and buckling of exponentially graded (EG) nanoplates resting on two-parameter Pasternak foundations are studied using the four-unknown shear deformation plate theory. The material properties are presumed to change only in the thickness direction of the EG nanoplate according to two exponential laws distribution. The boundary conditions of the nanoplate may be simply supported, clamped, free or combination of them. To consider the small scale effect on forced frequencies and buckling, Eringen's differential form of nonlocal elasticity theory is employed. The accuracy of the present study is investigated considering the available solutions in literature. A detailed analysis is executed to study the influences of the plate aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, temperature rise, moisture concentration and volume fraction distributions on the vibration and buckling of the nanoplates.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.264-277
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• 2015

This article investigates various transcription techniques for the Legendre pseudospectral (PS) method to compare the pros and cons of each approach. Eight combinations from four different types of collocation points and two discretization methods for dynamic constraints, which differentiate Legendre PS transcription techniques, are implemented to solve a carefully selected test set of nonlinear optimal control problems (NOCPs). The convergence property and prediction accuracy are compared to provide a useful guideline for selecting the best combination. The tested NOCPs consist of the minimum time, minimum energy, and problems with state and control constraints. Therefore, the results drawn from this comparative study apply to the solution of similar types of NOCPs and can mitigate much debate about the best combinations. Additionally, important findings from this study can be used to improve the numerical efficiency of the Legendre PS methods. Three PS applications to the aerospace engineering problems are demonstrated to prove this point.