• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.769-779
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• 1994

The root of Bupleurum falcatum L.(BF) has been widely used in oriental medicine as a major camponent in many prescriptions for chronic hepatitis, renal disease, tuberculosis and some other infectious diseases. Many attempts have done to investigate the therapeutic effects of these principles. However, any kinds of screenig on immune regulatory- and antitumor- effects of BF has not been reported. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to investigate the BF-effects on cellular- and humoral-immune responses, phagocytic activities of macrophages, lymphokine- and Immunoglobulin(Ig)-production of lymphocytes, tumorigenesis of implanted sarcoma 180 cells and B16 melanoma cells, and proliferations of some tumor cell lines(Fsa II, 3LL and EL4). BF increased phagocytic activities of mouse peritoneal macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Arthus reaction and antibody responses to SRBC were slightly enhanced but delayed hypersensitivity was depresed when BF was injected before- and after-SRBC sensitization. BF inhibited the proliferative responses of human tonsillar lymphocytes to PHA- and Con A-stimulation but slightly augmented the response of these cells to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1(SAC)-activation. Ig secretion of human mononuclear cells activated with SAC was slightly increased by BF. BF significantly augmented the SAC-induced IL 6 production of human mononuclear cells but not influenced Con Ainduced IL 2 secretion. NK cell activities of mouse splenocytes were somewhat increased when BF was pretreated and this responses were due to the increment of binding affinities of effector cells to target cells and of lytic activities of effector cells against target cells. In vitro BF significantly inhibited the proliferations of cancer cells such as Fsa II, 3LL and EL4 strains. BF decreased not only the frequency of tumor induction but also the tumor size per sarcoma 180 or B16 cell-implanted mouse. Taken together, these results indicate that BF is one of the potential immunomodulator, and suggest its possibility to be used as a desirable antitumor agent.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 1997

Tish study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Takrisodokyeum extract against tumor, and immunomodulatory effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S-I80 and Fas II cells). Treatment of the Takrisodokyeum water-extract(daily 1mg mouse, i.p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 15 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Takrisodokyeum decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Takrisodokyeum also significantly suppressed the development of 3LLcell and S-180 cell by frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Takrisodokyeum extract into TBM. However, when tumor was induced by FsaII cell-implantation, the growth of implanted cells in mice was delayed by the water extract of Takrisodokyeum until day 7 and then rapid growth ensued. In vitro, treatment of Takrisodokyeum extract had no effect on the growth of some kind of cell lines such as FsaII, A-131 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S-180 cells. Takrisodokyeum also stimulated the migrative ability of leucocyte, the MIF and IL 2-production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Takrisodokyeum enhanced Arthus reaction and DTH to sheep erythrocytes, and NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Takrisodokyeum extract different results according to the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that antitumor effect of Takrisodokyeum might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.307-313
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• 1994

We have previously shown that crude water extract of Euonymus alatus (EA) had strong prophylactic effect against chemically induced-and tumor cell implanted-cancer, and that the mechanisms responsible for its antitumor effects were due to nonspecific enhancement of the NK cell activities and the cell mediated immunity. However, it was unknown that any components of crude extract did work so, since it consisted of several components. In this paper, we fractionated the crude watar EA-extract into several fraction such as hexane-, ethylether-, ethyl acetate-, n-butanol- and water soluble-fraction, and screened the immune regulating activities of each fraction by the evaluation of lymphokine production and activated lymphocyte proliferation. As a result of the component fraction of EA-extract, it was found that n-butanol fraction was a potent immunostimulator, and the remained water soluble fraction also contained some stimulator, But, other fraction did not showed any remarkable effect. It is therefore suggested that EA-glycosides in n-butanol fraction may be new one of the potent biological response modifiers. The present study was also undertaken in an efforts to investigate the effects of elm-bark(EB, Ulmus clavidiana var japonica), which has been used for curing ulcer and inflammation as a folk medicine without any kind of experimental evidence to support this, on the cellular- and humoral-immune responses, lymphocyte function and NK cell activities in mice. Regardless of time and duration of EB-treatment, Arthus reaction and antibody response to SRBC were not modified by EB, but delayed hypersensitivity to SRBC was significantly enhanced only when EB was treated prior to SRBC-sensitization. EB slightly inhibited the proliferation responses of splenocytes to PHA-stimulation, but it significantly augmented the responses of these cells to S aureus Cowan 1 and Con A-activation, and these effects were manifested only when EB was added at culture initiation. EB did not influence Ig secretion of spleen cells but it significantly augmented the Con A-induced 1L 2 and MIF production of splenocytes. NK cell activities of splenocytes were markedly riled when effector cells were pretreated with EB and this augmentation was dine to the increase of binding affinity of effector cells to target cells and the target cell lytic activities of effector cells. These results led to the conclusion that EB triggers increase of cellular immune responses, such as delayed hypersensitivitiy, lymphokine production and NK cell activities. Also these results suggested that EB contains potent immune stimulants, which may provide the rational basis for their therapeutic use as one of the new biological response modifiers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the antitumor effect and immunological activities of chitosan extracted from Solenocera prominetis toward on mire bearing sarcoma-180. The growth inhibition ratio of the chitosan toward sarcoma-180 showed at the highest level of 63.84% when chitosan were administrated at the concentration of 40mg/kg. The direct cytotoxic effect of chitosan was not observed in the mice bearing sar-roma-180 in vitro. In the effect of immunological activities, dose-dependent responses indicated by the increase of leucocyte, peritoneal exudate cell than that of control group when chitosan administered to the mice in the concentation of 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg. Also dose-dependent responses showed also by the increase of immunoorgans weights such as body weight, liver, spleen or thymus in the same concentration of 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg. Food pad swelling having the relationship with arthus reaction of antibody-mediated hypersensitivity and delayed type hypersensitivity was recovered the almost normal level. In the efforts of macrophge on phagocytes, there were not substantial differences in phagorytic and corrected phagocytic index. In the number of plaque forming cell(PFC), PFC on the 10$^{7}$ spleen cells were increased the levels of 18.88% and 31.83% when chitosan were adminstersd at the concentration of 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1987

The use of alkylating agent cyclophosphamide(CY), a widely used antitumor drug is well known as a potent immunosuppressant and has been used as a probe for investigating the functional capabilities of lymphocyte subsets of both T and B cells that play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. The present study was undertaken in an effort to assess the effects of CY on immunological memory in murine model. CY, given as a single dose of CY(250mg/kg) before sensitization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) enhanced the primary response of Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), as measured by footpad swelling reaction, but suppressed their tertiary DTH response. The similar CY pretreatment enhanced both the primary and tertiary hemagglutinin(HA) responses to SRBC, and the tertiary antibody response against polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP), a thymus-independent antigen but not the primary response against PVP. CY, given as a single dose of 250mg/kg 2 days before the primary immunization and two doses of 100mg/kg 2 days before the secondary and tertiary immunization, markedly suppressed the tertiary DTH and HA responses to SRBC. However, CY, given as small multiple daily doses(10mg/kg) over 4 days before sensitization but not after sensitization, enhanced the secondary HA response to SRBC. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was suppressed by the drug, given either as a single large dose(300mg/kg) or as multiple dose(10mg/kg) administered 2 days before, together with or after DNFB sensitization. This suppression was more pronounced and more significant when CY was given as multiple dose. However, the enhancement of the secondary contact sensitivity to DNFB by CY was not clear-cut. The splenectomy appears to increase the enhancing effect of CY on contact sensitivity. These results suggest that CY selectively influences the immune response depending on the time of the drug administration relative to immunization and that the secondary or tertiary immune response involve memory cells with different susceptibilities to CY. Moreover, these results suggest that multiple low doses may sesectivley inhibit suppressor T cell proliferation involving DTH, HA or contact sensitivity without effecting helper T cells, but high doses presumably inhibit helper T cells and suppressor T cells with effecting B cells.