• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1998

Microsurgical free-tissue transfer has allowed surgeons to salvage injured limbs but choosing appropriate healthy recipient vessels has proved to be a difficult problem. Retrograde flow flaps are established in island flaps. Retrograde flow anastomosis could prevent the possible kinking and twisting of the arterial anastomosis. By not interrupting the proximal blood flow to the fracture or soft tissue defect site, the compromise of fracture or wound healing might be prevented. We wished to estabilish an animal model in rat for a retrograde arterial flow based free flap. Nembutal-anesthetized male rats; weighing 250 to 300 gm, were used. The femoral artery and common carotid artery were exposed and divided. The systemic and retrograde arterial pressure were quantified by utilizing a parallel tubing system connected with peripheral arterial line. In this study, the retrograde flow was not pulsatile and the retrograde arterial pressure was 64-65mmHg, with a mean arterial pressure of 106-109mmHg. An epigastiic skin flap, measuring $3{\times}3cm$, was raised with its vascular pedicle. The epigastric free flap was transfered in the same rat from femoral vessels to carotid vessels in end to end fashion. We anastomosed the donor arteries to the distal parts of the divided recipient arteries and the donor veins to the proximal parts of the recipient veins. Twelve experiments were performed and the transplantations succeeded in 75 percent of them. In the remaining 25 percent, the experiments failed due to thrombosis at the site of anastpmosis, or other causes. This animal model represents an excellent example of retrograde arterial flow free flap transfer that is reliable.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.250-256
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• 1984

Eisenmenger syndrome is a condition which systemic arterial blood oxygen unsaturation occurs if obstruction in the pulmonary capillaries raises the pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure to or beyond systemic levels and then a significant right to left shunt develops across a preexisting cardiac septal defect or an aortopulmonary communication-We have experienced 3 cases of similar condition. Case I is 24 year old man who has had cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion since childhood. His pulmonary arterial pressure was 110/80mmHg. He was operated under diagnosis of the mitral stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot, but it was finally discovered that he had patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular defect was closed with perforated prosthetic patch, but the patient expired due to right heart failure low cardiac output. Case II was 16 year old female who had pulmonary hypertension of 110/85mmHg. She was diagnosed as Eisenmenger syndrome combining with atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Case III was 20 year old male. His pulmonary arterial pressure was 110/70mmHg and the underlying defect was patent ductus arteriosus.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.309-321
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• 1995

In the present study, the relationship between the somatosympathetic reflexes and arterial blood pressure responses to electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve was investigated in cats anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$. Single sympathetic postganglionic fiber activities were recorded from the hindlimb muscle and skin nerves and also from the cervical and abdominal sympathetic chains. Effects of the morphine on responses of the sympathetic nerve and arterial blood pressure to activation of the peripheral $A{\delta}-$ and C-afferent nerves were analyzed. The following results were obtained. 1) Arterial blood pressure was depressed by peripheral AS-afferent stimulation (A-response) and was elevated during C-afferent activation (C-response). 2) Intravenously administered morphine enhanced the C-response while the A-response decreased insignificantly, Only the C-response was decreased by intrathecal morphine. 3) All the ten recorded cutaneous sympathetic fibers showed periodic discharge pattern similar to respiratory rhythm and five of them also showed cardiac-related rhythm. However, most of the muscular sympathetic fibers had cardiac-related rhythm and only four fibers showed respiratory rhythm. 4) Morphine decreased the sympathetic C-reflex elicited by the peripheral C-afferent activation and the abdominal sympathetic A-reflex was also decreased by morphine. From the above results, it was concluded that supraspinal mechanisms were involved in the enhanced arterial pressor response to peripheral C-afferent activation by intravenous morphine.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.285-293
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• 1998

Yuldahansotang(YH) has been used in Sasang(四象) constitution medicine for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effect of YH on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of YH on blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter of rats. 1. Blood pressure decreased by YH in rats. 2. rCBF was increased by YH in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol, methylene blue and indomethacin significantly inhibited YH induced increase in rCBF. 5. Blood pressure increased by Radix Puerariae(RP) and Radix Ligustici Tenuissimae(RLT) but Radix Scutellariae(RC) decreased blood pressure in rats. 6. rCBF was increased by RP and RLT in a dose-dependent manner but RC decreased low dosage, and RC increased high dosage. 7. Pial arterial diameter was increased by YH in a dose-dependent manner. 8. Pretreatment with propranolol significantly inhibited the increased in pial arterial diameter induced by YH. These results suggest that YH causes a diverse response of blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter. The increase in rCBF is also mediated by prostaglandins, cyclic GMP and adrenergic ${\beta}$ receptor and the increase in pial arteral diameter is mediated by adrenergic ${\beta}$ receptor.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 1993

급성 신성 고혈압쥐 (2-kidney, 1-ligation type)의 전신성 동맥계와 폐 동맥계에 대한 내피 의존적 혈관반응성을 규명하기 위하여, 적출 혈관 및 마취상태의 흰쥐에 대한 acetylcholine (ACh)의 혈관이완작용 및 혈압강하 작용을 측정하였다. 혈장 renin 활성(PRA)은 신동맥 결찰전 $7.31{\pm}0.63\;ng/ml/hr$ A I에 비해 결찰 $6{\sim}8$일후에는 $19{\sim}22\;ng/ml/hr$ A I으로 유의성있게 증가하였으며, 이는 수축기혈압의 상승과 $(154{\pm}1.83{\rightarrow}190{\sim}215\;mmHg)$ 일정한 상관성을 유지하였다. 신성 고혈압쥐 및 정상 혈압쥐의 흉곽 대동맥은 내피세포 존재시 ACh에 의해 용량의존적으로 이완되었으며, 이때 신성고혈압쥐에서의 반응은 정상 혈압쥐에 비해 유의성있게 감소하였다(각각 34% 및 86%, p<0.01). 또한 ACh은 신성 고혈압쥐 및 정상 혈압쥐의 폐동맥에 대해서도 내피세포 존재시에 이완반응을 초래하였다. 그러나, 흉곽 대동맥에서와는 달리 두 군간에 유의성있는 차이가 없었다. 이들 반응은 내피세포 제거후 또는 EDRF 억제제 (L-NAME, MB, $10^{-5}$ M) 투여후 유의성있게 억제되었다. $ACh(0.1{\sim}10\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.v.)$은 신성 고혈압쥐 및 정상 혈압쥐에서 전신성 동맥압의 강하를 초래하였는데, 신성 고혈압쥐에서 다소 감소하였으나 유의성있는 차이는 없었으며 ($SAPm;\;10\;{\mu}g/kg$에서 각각 39%, 46 %), 이들 작용은 L-NAME(30 mg/kg, i.v.) 전처치후 유의성있게 억제되었다. ACh에 의한 폐동맥압 강하는 신성 고혈압쥐 및 정상 혈압쥐 사이에 서로 비슷하게 나타났다. 그러나, 신성 고혈압 쥐 및 정상 혈압쥐에서 ACh에 의한 폐동맥압의 강하율은 전신성 동맥압의 강하율보다 유의성있게(p<0.01) 작았으며, 또한 L-NAME $(0.1{\sim}100\;mg/kg,\;i.v.)$에 의한 폐동맥압의 상승은 전신성 동맥압의 상승보다 유의성있게(p<0.01) 작았다. 이상의 실험 결과들은 급성 신성 고혈압쥐의 전신성 동맥계에서는 내피세포 손상이 초래되지만, 폐동맥계에서는 초래되지 않는다는것을 제시해준다. 또 신성고혈압쥐 및 정상 혈압쥐에서 EDRF 의 basal release 및 ACh 유발성 EDRF function은 전신성 동맥계에 비해 폐동맥계에서 적다는 것을 제시해준다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1643-1646
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• 1997

In this study, the method is proposed, which enable us to noninvasively assess baroreflex sensitivity through the closed-loop feedback modle between RR flucturarion and arterial blood pressure fluctuation. The proposed indexes of baroreflex sensitivity, BRS$_{LF}$와 BRS$_{HF}$ are calculated by the modulus (or gain) of the transfer function between fluctuatuons in blood pressure and RR interval in the LF band HF band, where the coherence is more than 0.5 to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to various cardiovascular variability signals obtained form subjects under the submaximal ecericse on bicycle ergometner. In result it is concluded that the proposed method can noninvasively assess the baroreflex sensitivity.ty.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1969

Effects of graded increase of positive lung inflation upon heart rates and arterial blood pressure were observed in the anesthetized dogs to analyze the mechanical and neural regulatory factor in response to the positive inflation of the lung. The results obtained were summarized as followings: 1) When the low grade of positive lung inflation was employed under the mild to moderate anesthesia, central venous pressure was linearly increased while heart rate was decreased. After bilateral vagotomy, central venous pressure was obviously increased while heart rate was constant. 2) When the high degree of positive lung inflation was employed, changes of central venous pressure and heart rate were not significant. 3) The low grade of intrapulmonary pressure increase caused reflex tachycardia in phase 2 and overshooting in phase 4 in response to the systemic arterial blood pressure change. 4) On the other hand, the high degree of intrapulmonary pressure increase caused paradoxical bradycardia in phase 2 and lack of overshooting in phase 4 in response to the systemic arterial blood pressure change. 5) It may be noted that the experimental model employed in the present study is a useful tool to evaluate and analyze the neural and mechanical regulatory factor in response to the graded increase of the positive lung inflation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of inner skin of chestnut on the activation of a living body's function (regional cerebral blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats, proliferation of thymocytes in normal mice and L1210 cells transplanted mice) . We used inner skin of chestnut extract(Sample A : inner skin of chestnut-panbroiled after driedextract (100$\^{C}$ ), Sample B , inner skin of chestnut-panbroiled-extract(100$\^{C}$ ) , Sample C : inner skin of chestnut -panbroiled after dried-extract(80$\^{C}$ ), Sample D : inner skin of chestnut-panbroiled-extract(80$\^{C}$)} Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and Mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) were tested using Leser -Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the proliferation of thymcytes was tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay ( MTT assay) The experimental results as follows 1. rCBF was significantly increased by Sample C in a dose-dependent manner. 2. MABP was not changed by Sample C in a 0.1mg/kg∼10.0mg/kg treated group. 3. Proliferation of thymocytes was not changed by Sample C in normal mice. 4. Proliferation of thymocytes was significantly accelerated by Sample C in L1210 cells transplanted mice.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.657-665
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• 1999

The effects of application of mustard oil (MO), a small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant into the rat maxillary molar tooth pulp on arterial blood pressure and heat race, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles were assessed in the anesthetized rats. In addition, Evans blue extravasation following pulpal MO application was measured. Application of MO into the tooth pulp produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and heat rate which gradually returned to baseline level. Application of MO into the tooth pulp induced a significant and short-lasting increase in EMG activity of digastric masseter and tongue muscle. Application of MO into the tooth pulp significantly increased the plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. However, Application of mineral oil into the tooth pulp did not produce any significant changes in EMG activity of the digastric, masseter and tongue muscles, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. These findings indicate that changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, jaw muscle activity and plasma extravasation accompanying noxious tooth pulp stimulation call be utilized as indirect measure of orofacial pain and inflammation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1977

It is Proposed in the Present study to investigate the effects of TTX intravenously or intrahypothalamically administered on the arterial blood pressure and respiration and also to explorc effect of intrahypothalamically administered TTX on the pressor responses to electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus. The results obtained are as follows; 1) The pressor responses to electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus were markedly reduced after administration of TTX. In the $0.01\;{\mu}g/kg$ of TTX administered group, the pressor responses were almost abolished in 6 minutes and there was no tendency toward recovery throughout the experiment. 2) In $0.01\;{\mu}g/kg$ of TTX administered group, the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate-were gradually reduced while there was a transient increase in respiratory rate followed by slow recovery thereafter. On the other hand no changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate an4 respiration were observed in $0.005\;{\mu}g/kg$ TTX administered group. 3) Following intravenous administration of $1\;{\mu}g/kg$ TTX, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were slowly reduced by 60 minutes while no marked changes were found in respiration. From the results of present study it is strongly suggested that TTX exerts its depressant effect not only on peripheral nerves but also on central nervous system.