• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2013

Purpose: Patients' movement during long image acquisition time for the fusion image of PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) results in unconformity, and greatly affects the quality of the image and diagnosis. The arm support fixtures provided by medical device companies are not manufactured considering the convenience and safety of the patients; the arm and head movements (horizontal and vertical) during PET/CT scan cause defects in the brain fundus images and often require retaking. Therefore, this study aims to develop patient-compensation device that would minimize the head and arm movements during PET/CT scan, providing comfort and safety, and to reduce retaking. Materials and Methods: From June to July 2012, 20 patients who had no movement-related problems and another 20 patients who had difficulties in raising arms due to shoulder pain were recruited among the ones who visited nuclear medicine department for PET Torso scan. By using Patient Holding System (PHS), different range of motion (ROM) in the arm ($25^{\circ}$, $27^{\circ}$, $29^{\circ}$, $31^{\circ}$, $33^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$) was applied to find the most comfortable angle and posture. The manufacturing company was investigated for the permeability of the support material, and the comfort level of applying bands (velcro type) to fix the patient's head and arms was evaluated. To find out the retake frequency due to movements, the amount of retake cases pre/post patient-compensation were analyzed using the PET Torso scan data collected between January to December 2012. Results: Among the patients without movement disorder, 18 answered that PHS and $29^{\circ}$ arm ROM were the most comfortable, and 2 answered $27^{\circ}$ and $31^{\circ}$, respectively. Among the patients with shoulder pain, 15 picked $31^{\circ}$ as the most comfortable angle, 2 picked $33^{\circ}$, and 3 picked $35^{\circ}$. For this study, the handle was manufactured to be adjustable for vertical movements. The material permeability of the patient-compensation device has been verified, and PHS and the compensation device were band-fixed (velcro type) to prevent device movements. A furrow was cut for head fixation to minimize the head and neck movements, fixing bands were attached for the head, wrist, forearm, and upper arm to limit movements. The retake frequency of PET Torso scan due to patient movements was 11.06% (191 cases/1,808 patients) before using the movement control device, and 2.65% (48 cases/1,732 patients) after using the device; 8.41% of the frequency was reduced. Conclusion: Recent change and innovation in the medical environment are making expensive medical image scans, and providing differentiated services for the customers is essential. To secure patient comfort and safety during PET/CT scans, ergonomic patient-compensation devices need to be provided. Therefore, this study manufactured a patientcompensation device with vertically adjustable ergonomic ROM according to the patient's body shape and condition during PET Torso scan. The defects in the basal ganglia images due to arm movements were reduced, and retaking was decreased.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.50-54
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• 2014

It is being tried to control robot arm using brain signal in the field of brain-machine interface (BMI). This study is focused on applying guidance laws for efficient robot arm control using 3D coordinates obtained from Magnetoencephalography (MEG) signal which represents movement of upper limb. The 3D coordinates obtained from brain signal is inappropriate to be used directly because of the spatial difference between human upper limb and robot arm's end-effector. The spatial difference makes the robot arm to be controlled from a third-person point of view with assist of visual feedback. To resolve this inconvenience, guidance laws which are frequently used for tactical ballistic missile are applied. It could be applied for the users to control robot arm from a first-person point of view which is expected to be more comfortable. The algorithm which enables robot arm to trace MEG signal is provided in this study. The algorithm is simulated and applied to 6-DOF robot arm for verification. The result was satisfactory and demonstrated a possibility in decreasing the training period and increasing the rate of success for certain tasks such as gripping object.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.464-469
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• 2001

This work provides the biomechanical evaluations of a manual wheelchair with a bi-directional driving system. The new propulsion strategy can be accomplished by employing a special gear system that converts the oscillatory motion of a handrim into the unidirectional output motion of a wheel. A main feature of the forward. backward propulsion is to supply continuous driving torque without break. Motion. analysis has been performed through 2-dimensional image processing for measuring the kinematic properties of the upper arm and fore arm. Then, the inverse dynamics analysis has been done for obtaining the joint torques, the handrim forces and input/output powers. Results show that the output power by the forward. reverse propulsion is almost twice as much as that by conventional propulsion. Also, the new propulsion is expected to reduce the fatigues and injuries at arm joints by employing more muscle groups for movement. In conclusion, the forward. reverse propulsion can greatly improve the performances of manual wheelchairs by providing better mobility as well as by guaranteeing several advantages from a biomechanical viewpoint. Future development of a manual wheelchair optimized for the bi-directional propulsion will further improve the propulsion performances.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.56-66
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• 1998

During solidification or welding of alloys, the solute redistribution brings out microsegregation. The microsegregation causes the formation of non-equilibrium second phases, shrinkage and porosity degrading mechanical/chemical properties Therefore, it has been required to predict microsegregation quantitatively. To predict the degree of microsegregation, more exact and appropriate computer simulation technique has been actively used during last two decades. To predict the degree of microsegregation in weld metal, an advanced two dimensional model was suggested. In the new model, both primary and secondary arm regions were defined for the analysis region. The growth in the primary arm regina was assumed to be a planar for effective calculation. Especially, for the growth of a secondary arm, a simple and effective mathematical function was established to show the growing pattern, the solute diffusion in the solid phase was calculated by finite difference method (FDM). The solid-liquid interface movement was considered to be in local equilibrium state. The experiments for welding of 310S stainless steel were carried out in order to examined the reasonability and feasibility of this model. The concentration profiles of the solute predicted by this model were compared with those obtained from experimental works.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to the effect of task-oriented arm movements and muscle enhancement program using elastic bands on limb muscle strength and activities of daily living of mitochondrial myopathy patient. Method : Single-subject experimental research design was applied to. AB Design was adopted. The study period was approximately four weeks. A baseline period of the three sessions of the experiment, the treatment period B, 3 sessions were conducted. Baseline period to observe the patient's daily life bardel index was measured as an independent feature, MMT as a limb muscle strength was assessed by measuring early. During the period of treatment with serabaendeu limb strength training 30 minutes after the break five minutes after the treatment using MMT limb muscle strength were evaluated. Task-oriented exercise program, and who exercise a week as a treatment was carried out in 30 minutes. Result : All of the scores for each sessional period of treatment when compared to base line and upper limb muscle strengthening exercises on the subjects that did not change significantly. Conclusion : If the muscles and nervous system involvement in patients with symptoms such as muscle weakness and paralysis of upper extremity functional use is difficult.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

In this paper, a soft robotic arm which can prevent impact injury during human-robot interaction is introduced. Two degrees of freedom joint are required to realize free movement of the robotic arm. A robotic joint concept with a single degree of freedom is presented using simple inflatable elements, and then extended to form a robotic joint with two degrees of freedom joint using similar manufacturing methods. The robotic joint with a single degree of freedom has a joint angle of $0^{\circ}$ bending angle when both chamber are inflated at equal pressures and maximum bending angles of $28.4^{\circ}$ and $27.1^{\circ}$ when a single chamber if inflated. The robotic joint with two degrees of freedom also has a bending angle of $0^{\circ}$ in both direction when all three chambers are inflated at equal pressures. When either one or two chambers were pressurized, the robotic joint performed bending towards the uninflated chambers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.2737-2742
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• 2009

Researches of U-Healthcare have been fulfilled lively with an advanced age and change of lifestyles. Especially, medical field has focused on researches of U-Healthcare due to that reasons. The U-Healthcare service requires the foundation technologies, such as sensor aggregating, data transmitting and realtime monitoring technologies, In this study, we implemented medical sensor that applied Bluetooth technology to guarantee the patient's movement. Moreover, we also implemented a gateway which based on Google Android System in ARM 11 Embedded system.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2003

The purpose of this experiment was to find out the stages of result of specific character for Horse Vaulting Yeo motion To put the Yeo movement in process, we needed a gymnastics athlete C height of 165cm, weight of 62kg, age of 32, personal history of 21 years, and tested the athlete 5 times of motion training, and picked out the 2 best motion and analyzed it. Athletic reason is vertical motion, time uses, horizontal motion, distance, speed, and analyzed many other reasons as a result, and finally ended up with this conclusion. 1. After the take off on the board horizontal speed gradually decreased However, reverse of that, it showed that vertical speed increased. 2. While contacting the Horse Vaulting, horizontal speed decreased and vertical speed kept on increasing. Taking off Com the Horse Vaulting, horizontal, showing short time of training, 3m vertical height is shown after using Yeo motion at the peak of second fly jump. 3. While contacting the Horse Vaulting, both arms were showing the flection shape Especially this is also while contacting the Horse Vaulting, left arm was showing $90^{\circ}$ angle, and this has happened between the process of transition period of fast horizontal speed to vertical speed. 4. While contacting the Horse Vaulting, perfect blocking of the left arm must be complete for the right arm to have the perfect blocking as well.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of arm flexion patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on muscle activation in the contralateral lower extremity. Open kinematic chain and closed kinematic chain positions were used. Methods: This study used an electromyogram (MP150, Biopac Systems, USA) to measure muscle activation in 20 healthy male students. Comparative analysis was completed on muscle activation of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of the contralateral lower extremity. Open kinematic chain and closed kinematic chain positions were used with a unilateral arm flexion-abduction-external rotation pattern. Paired t-tests using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows analyzed the data produced by the electromyogram. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in muscle activation in the biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior when the open kinematic chain and closed kinematic chain positions were compared (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles showed greater muscle activation in the closed kinematic chain position when compared to the open kinematic chain position.

• International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine about dental hygienists' myofascial pain syndrome, lower back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), medial and lateral epicondylitis, hand-arm vibration syndrom and work-related musculoskeletal syndrome (WMSD) experience and hygienists' posture, motion. Methods: The self-administered questionnaire was surveyed from June 1 to September 30 of 2018 targeting 280 dental hygienists in Gyeongnam province and 266 dental hygienists' answers were analyzed. Results: The average daily working hours of a dental hygienist was more than eight hours 59.0%, with an average of 33 patients per day. The average number of patients who receive treatment for more than 30 minutes is 15. The angle of motion of the subjective evaluation was above 60%. Medical position and form of movement were more than 50% above the standard level. Symptoms of posture and motion that cause WMSD were hand-arm vibration syndrome 68.1%, myofascial pain syndrome 58.6%, lower back pain 51.1%, CTS 50.4% in order. Experience WMSD related symptoms which dental hygienists experience were myofascial pain syndrome 92.9%, CTS 57.9%, lower back pain 56.4%, medial and lateral epicondylitis 37.2%, hand-arm vibration syndrome 24.4%. Conclusion: The above results showed the posture and motion of dental hygienists and were found that the experience rate which dental hygienists experience WMSD of myofascial pain syndrome, Lower back pain, and CTS was significantly more than 56%.