• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

The use of a gym ball is becoming more popular for dynamic balance exercises. However, little is known about the effects of the dynamic ball exercises in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare balance and functional mobility after dynamic balance exercises using a gym ball to reduce the risk factorfor falls. All of the 15 subjects were women between the ages of 68 and 91 (mean age=79.9 yrs, SD=5.87) at anursing home in Wonju. Seven of fifteen subjects were placed in the experimental group and the others in the control group. Three clinical tests were used to determine the degree of balance and functional mobility before beginning the exercise program, after 4 weeks of gym ball exercise, and after 8 weeks of gym ball exercise. These three tests included Timed Up & Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Dynamic ball exercises training for 8 weeks (5 days per week) included side stretching, prone walking, bridging, marching and opposite arm and leg lifting. There were significant differences found before the gym ball exercise program began and after 4 weeks and then 8 weeks in the experimental group (p<.05). Significant differences between the groups were shown for TUG and BBS (p<.05). No significant difference was noted between the groups for FIM. Therefore, gym ball exercises can improve dynamic balance and may be recommended to include in a therapeutic program to help the elderly reduce their risk of a fall.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Background: The serratus anterior (SA) muscle is one of the important muscles in the upward rotation of the scapula when the arm is raised. Insufficient muscle activity of the SA can cause deformation of the shoulder rhythm resulting in shoulder pathology. Objects: This study intends to compare SA and upper trapezius (UT) activity during the conventional wall-slide and push-up plus exercises for SA muscle strengthening and the scapular upward rotation (SUR) exercise. Methods: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study, and we measured the muscle activity of the SA and UT muscles during the wall-slide, push-up plus and SUR exercises. The one-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare SA and UT muscle activities during the 3 exercises. Results: During the SUR exercise, SA muscle activity was 79.88% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), which was significantly higher than its activity during the other 2 exercises. The UT muscle activity was 47.53 %MVIC during the SUR exercise, indicating a significantly higher UT muscle activity than during the other 2 exercises. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the SUR exercise can maximize SA muscle activity to strengthen the SA while keeping UT muscle activity at an appropriate level.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise using a suspension device (sling and total body resistance exercise; TRX) on physical functional performance and postural balance. Methods : An experimental study comparing 2 different suspension exercise was conducted on 16 healthy college students. 16 subjects were assigned to two groups. They were classified into 8 sling group and 8 TRX group. Miniplus was used to evaluate physical functional performance. In this study, isokinetic resistance mode was used to compare and analyze seven movement patterns. Biorescue was used to evaluate postural balance. The intervention exercises in this study are as follows. Standing lean forward (SLF) using a sling and TRX was performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The SLF was held for 10 seconds and then rested for 15 seconds, repeated a total of 10 times for 3 sets. Results : In the TRX group, significant increases were observed in physical functional performance (p<.05). Among the differences between groups, significant differences were confirmed on the front of the right arm, the back of the left arm, and the back of the right arm. In the sling group, significant increases were observed in left, right, front, and overall dynamic balance (p<.05). A significant increase in posterior dynamic balance was confirmed in the TRX group (p<.05). There was no significant difference between groups. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, TRX was effective in improving physical functional performance, while the sling was effective in enhancing postural balance. However, confirming the effectiveness of slings and TRX in the relationship between physical functional performance and postural balance proved inadequate. Therefore, additional research should be conducted to verify the effects of suspension.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess activation and contribution of muscles of the elderly according to increased loading during the arm flexion extension resistance exercise. Surface electromyographic signals were acquired from biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid posterior, pectoralis major and latissimmus dorsi to determine the difference of the activation of specific muscles between the elderly and young. Five elderly and five young males with no musculoskeletal disease volunteered for the study. Electromyographic activities in the muscles were measured during resistance exercise and normalized to the maximum EMG activity recorded in the maximal voluntary static contraction (MVC). Against the increased loading during arm flexion/extension resistance exercises, the young uses muscles evenly but the elderly uses one specific muscle frequently. Contribution of triceps brachii during extension and deltoid posterior during flexion was principal in the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the modified bent arm tornado exercise on weight shift movement and muscle activity of the impact section in the top of the drive swing. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided professional golfer group and amateur golf group. Subjects were required to complete following modified bent arm tornado exercise. The activity and weight shift of the gluteus group and lower extremity muscles between the two groups were measured and the Wilcoxon rank test was analyzed. Results: The distribution of weight shift in the professional golfer group was higher than that of the amateur golfer group (p<0.05). During the golf downswing of the professional golfer group, muscle activation of the lower extremities was higher than that of the amateur golfer group (p<0.05). The distribution of weight shift after exercise by the amateur golfer group was higher than before (p<0.05). Conclusion: We could confirm was increased significantly of muscle activity and weight shift by applying modified bent arm tornado exercise through this study. This result suggests that exercise is needed to improve weight shift.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

Background: The unilateral prone arm lift (UPAL) is commonly used to exercise the lower trapezius muscle. However, overactivation of the upper trapezius can induce pain during UPAL exercises in subjects with upper trapezius tenderness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of position of ipsilateral neck rotation (INR) on the inhibition of upper trapezius muscle activity and the facilitation of the lower trapezius muscle when performing UPAL exercises. Methods: In total, 19 subjects with upper trapezius tenderness were recruited for the study. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured in the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles during UPAL with and without INR position. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare EMG activity in the trapezius muscles and the muscle ratios. Results: EMG activity in the upper trapezius muscles was decreased significantly in the INR condition compared to without the position with INR during UPAL exercises (p<.05). EMG activity in the middle and lower trapezius was not significantly different between the with and without INR conditions (p>.05). However, the ratio of lower to upper trapezius activation showed a significant increase in the INR condition compared to the without INR condition (p<.05), indicating greater lower trapezius activation relative to the upper trapezius in the INR position than in the without INR position. Conclusions: The EMG results obtained in this study suggest that the position with INR reduced overactivation in the upper trapezius and improved muscle imbalance during lower trapezius exercises in individuals with upper trapezius tenderness.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

Purpose : The aim of study was to determine the effect of lower trapezius muscle strengthening exercises on the height of rounded shoulder posture and muscle activity in patients with rounded shoulder posture. Methods : Thirty-one subjects with rounded shoulders were selected and assigned, with the use of a random number table, to an experimental group (EG, n=16) that received resistance exercises of the trapezius (lower) muscles or a control group (CG, n=15) that received isometric exercises of the lower trapezius muscles. In the EG, with the subject in a prone position, both arms were abducted at the angles suggested for each posture (145 °, 45 ° abduction), with the hands holding dumbbells to assume a functional posture. The CG performed only isometric exercises without dumbbells in the same conditions. At the start signal, with the thumb raised, the arm was raised to the level of the ear. Both groups were assessed by the height of the rounded shoulder posture (RSP) and muscle activity (EMG). The intervention was performed three times a week. Results : The RSP significantly decreased during the intervention period in both the EG and CG (p<.05), and a significant difference was determined between the RSP of the two groups (p<.05). In the EG, the EMG significantly increased during the intervention period (p<.05), but the CG did not show any significant increase (p>.05). The final EMG was significantly higher in the EG than in the CG (p<.05). Conclusion : Both the EG and CG showed positive improvement in rounded shoulder posture during the intervention period. In particular, lower trapezius resistance exercise appears to reduce shoulder height and positively affects the activity of muscles around the shoulder.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activity of the trunk muscles during balance exercises on a stable and unstable surface in patients with stroke. Methods: Thirteen subjects (8 males, 5 females) with stroke were enrolled in the study. Muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG electrodes from the affected side of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles. The exercise was performed under three conditions. For the first condition for balance exercise, subjects were instructed to sit on an exercise mat with legs extended. The second condition was to sit with legs extended, with a balance pad under their buttocks. The third condition was to sit with legs extended, have a balance pad under the buttocks and a balance cushion under the lower legs. Results: This study showed significant differences in EMG activities during both arm lifting exercise and weight shifting exercise between conditions. This study showed that the EMG activities of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles were significantly higher when the trunk exercise was performed using the balance pad with balance ball than when using the stable surface. Conclusion: In conclusion, performing balance exercises using an unstable surface is a useful method for facilitating trunk-muscle strength and hence trunk stability.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examines deficits in upper-extremity function and trunk control ability on the osmotic demyelination syndrome of a patient with Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia. Using a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program, this case report aims to describe the effects of trunk stability exercises on trunk control ability, hand function, and daily living activities as well as its effects on the osmotic demyelination syndrome of a patient with Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia. Methods: The patient is a 47-year-old woman with osmotic demyelination syndrome as well as trunk and upper extremity impairment. She participated in this training intervention for four weeks. Results: The patient demonstrated improvements in trunk control ability, hand function, and performance of ADL. The following outcomes were measured before and after the training program: trunk impairment scale, hand power, Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, the Chedoke arm and hand inventory, and the modified Barthel index. Conclusion: The results suggest that trunk stability exercises in the form of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program in Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia patients may increase trunk control ability, increase hand function, and improve ADL.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to the effect of task-oriented arm movements and muscle enhancement program using elastic bands on limb muscle strength and activities of daily living of mitochondrial myopathy patient. Method : Single-subject experimental research design was applied to. AB Design was adopted. The study period was approximately four weeks. A baseline period of the three sessions of the experiment, the treatment period B, 3 sessions were conducted. Baseline period to observe the patient's daily life bardel index was measured as an independent feature, MMT as a limb muscle strength was assessed by measuring early. During the period of treatment with serabaendeu limb strength training 30 minutes after the break five minutes after the treatment using MMT limb muscle strength were evaluated. Task-oriented exercise program, and who exercise a week as a treatment was carried out in 30 minutes. Result : All of the scores for each sessional period of treatment when compared to base line and upper limb muscle strengthening exercises on the subjects that did not change significantly. Conclusion : If the muscles and nervous system involvement in patients with symptoms such as muscle weakness and paralysis of upper extremity functional use is difficult.