• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 1997

토양살충제인 phorate를 포장에 살포한 후, 토성이 다른 두 지역의 소형시험구$(120\;cm{\times}120\;cm)$에서 호우(20 mm/hour) 및 세우(5 mm/hour) 조건의 인공강우에 의한 유출농도와 유출율을 측정하였으며, phorate의 유출 농도가 수서생물에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 유출수를 이용한 송사리에 대한 급성독성실험을 수행하였다. Phorate의 유출정도는 호우 및 세우조건에 따른 차이가 크지 않았고, 양토 및 사양토에서의 평균 유출농도는 각각 11.3 ppb 및 4.8 ppb였으며, 평균유출율은 0.50%이었는데, 양토지역에서 호우시 1.31%, 세우시 0.18%, 사양토지역에서 호우시 0.48%, 세우시 0.012%였으며, 양토지역에서 phorate 유출수를 54.4%로 희석하였을 때 송사리에 대한 급성독성치(96시간 $LC_{50}$)가 관찰되었고, 사양토지역의 유출수는 그 자체로도 50% 이상의 치사가 나타나지 않을 정도로 양토지역보다 독성이 낮았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2024

Background: Air pollutants have been reported to have harmful effects on human health. Busan is a vulnerable area in terms of air quality due to the installation of various industrial complexes, particularly the port industry. However there is limited research data on the ambient air quality of residential areas near ports and industrial complexes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the quarterly levels of air pollutants near industrial complexes and ports and to identify trends and characteristics of air pollutant exceedances. Methods: Air measurements were conducted quarterly. The measured air pollutants included O₃, SO₂, CO, NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were measured using BAM-1020 equipment, while O₃, SO₂, CO, and NO₂ were measured using AP-370 Series equipment. The quarterly concentration levels of air pollutants were determined, and the influence of precipitation and commuting hours on fine particulate matter was examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine if there was significance between the concentrations of fine particulate matter during commuting hours and non-commuting hours. Results: The concentrations of air pollutants were generally higher in the first and second quarters. Furthermore, the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 tended to decrease continuously following consecutive rainfall, with concentrations at the end of rainfall periods lower than those observed at the beginning. The frequency of exceeding average concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was higher on weekdays. Moreover, the average concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 during weekday commuting hours were higher compared to non-commuting hours. Conclusions: The concentrations of air pollutants in the survey area were found to be higher than the overall average in Busan. Based on this study, continuous air quality monitoring is necessary for residential areas near industrial complexes and ports. For further research, health biomonitoring of residents in these areas should be conducted to assess their exposure levels.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.751-764
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• 2023

강원특별자치도는 태백산맥을 중심으로 지방에 따라 기후 특성이 매우 다르며, 국지성 호우가 빈번하게 발생하는 지역이다. 호우재해는 발생 시간이 짧고, 시공간적 변동성이 매우 커 많은 인명 및 재산피해를 유발한다. 최근 10년(2012~2021)간 강원지역 호우피해 발생 횟수는 28건이고, 평균 발생 피해액은 456억 원가량으로 집계되었다. 호우재해를 저감하기 위해선 지역단위의 재난관리 방안을 수립해야 한다. 특히나 현재 운영 중인 호우특보 기준은 획일화되어 지역 특성을 고려하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 강원특별자치도에 위치한 특보구역을 대상으로 침수유발 강우량을 고려한 호우특보 기준을 제안하고자 한다. 특보구역별 침수유발 강우량 대푯값 분석 결과 평균값이 호우특보 발령 기준과 유사했고, 이를 본 연구의 호우특보 기준으로 선정하였다. 호우특보 기준 검토를 위한 강우사상으로 2019년 태풍 미탁, 2020년 태풍 마이삭과 하이선, 2023년 태풍 카눈 강우사상을 적용했고, Hit Rate 정확도 검증 결과 강릉평지 72%, 원주 98%로 본 연구는 실제 특보를 잘 반영함을 확인했다. 본 연구의 호우특보 기준은 위기경보 단계(관심, 주의, 경계, 심각)와 위계가 동일하여 선제적 호우재해 대응이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 호우재해 대응의 획일적 의사결정 시스템을 보완하고, 이를 토대로 지역별 재해위험성을 고려한 호우특보 기준으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Recent studies have shown that there are various systems which can be used to monitor hazardous area in a debris flow location, but lack of methodological research on the exact location where each instrument should be installed has hindered the success of this systems. The objective of this study is to suggest the measurement system for monitoring debris-flow and propose the effective method to determine location of measurement system. Previously studied, from 1991 to 2015, were referred and the applied ratio of every instrument was investigated. The measurement information was divided into 8 categories including rainfall, debris-flow velocity, displacement, fluid pore pressure, ground vibration, image processing, impact force and peak flow depth. The result of this study revealed that the most applied instruments to be rain gauge and geophone for measuring average rainfall and ground vibration respectively. The Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) method was selected to determine installation location of instrument and the weighting factors were estimated through fine content, soil thickness, porosity, shear strength, elastic modulus, hydraulic conductivity and saturation. The soil thickness shows highest weights and the fine content relatively demonstrates lowest weights. The score of each position can be calculated through the weighting factors and the lowest score position can be judged as the weak point. The weak point denotes the easily affecting area and thus, the point is suitable for installing the measurement system. This study suggests a better method for safely managing the debris-flow through a precise location for installing measurement system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1068-1074
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• 2006

For receiving water quality protection a control systems of urban drainage for CSOs reduction is needed. Examples in combined sewer systems include downstream storage facilities that detain runoff during periods of high flow and allow the detained water to be conveyed by an interceptor sewer to a centralized treatment plant during periods of low flow. The design of such facilities as storm-water detention storage is highly dependant on the temporal variability of storage capacity available as well as the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage. For the continuous long-term analysis of urban drainage system this study used analytical probabilistic model based on derived probability distribution theory. As an alternative to the modeling of urban drainage system for planning or screening level analysis of runoff control alternatives, this model has evolved that offers much ease and flexibility in terms of computation while considering long-term meteorology. This study presented rainfall and runoff characteristics of the subject area using analytical probabilistic model. Runoff characteristics manifested the unique characteristics of the subject area with the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage and was examined appropriately by sensitivity analysis. This study presented the average annual CSOs, number of CSOs and event mean CSOs for the decision of storage volume.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2013

Nonpoint source pollution characteristics of recreation park was investigated. Runoff ratio of recreation park ranged 23-57%, which was lower than other urban area since impervious area was less than 37%. The average BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P, were 14.09, 32.86, 12.19, 121.51, 7.78 and 0.72 mg/L, respectively. First flush of recreation park was analyzed by normalized cumulative load - volume curve and mass first flush ratio(MFFn), MFF10 for BOD, COD, SS, T-P, T-N, TOC were 2.90, 1.59, 2.15, 2.74, 2.60, and 1.59, respectively. Observed data showed that 62% of pollutant could be removed by storaging 5 mm rainfall-runoff and even 3 mm depth could store up to 50% of pollutant in runoff.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2010

실시간 홍수예측모형의 구성에서 장래 강우 양상(지속기간, 강우강도 등)에 대한 가정으로 인하여 홍수예측의 신뢰성을 높이기 어려웠다는 점을 해결하기 위하여 현재까지의 강우, 수위 및 상류지역의 수위를 기반으로 장래 수위를 예측할 수 있는 회귀모형을 구성하였다. 대상유역인 대전광역시의 도심하천 구간에서 각 수위 및 강우관측소들 간의 자료들을 활용하여 최대 2시간 후의 수위변화를 예측할 수 있는 모형을 구성하였다. 각각의 선행시간에 대하여 예측한 결과 실체 실측치를 예측하는 과정에서 표준편차가 최대 5 cm, 평균 표준편차가 1~4 cm에 머무르고 있는 점 및 결정계수의 값이 대부분 0.95 이상을 나타내는 점 등을 살펴보면 전체적으로 예보모형이 안정적으로 운영이 되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 다만 본 회귀모형의 특성이 유역반응의 정상성을 가정함을 감안한다면 어느 정도 기간까지 정상성을 유지할 수 있는가의 문제는 추후 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2004

GIS 활용을 위한 수치지도의 보급이 확대되고 위성영상분석 등 정밀한 자료의 구축이 가능해짐에 따라 하천유역의 수문해석에 대한 GIS 이용은 필수적이 되었다. SCS-CN법은 소유역 농경지를 대상으로 개발된 방법으로서 큰 유역이나 산지지역에 대한 적용에 문제점이 많은 것으로 알려져 왔다. 우리나라 자연하천유역의 산지비율이 70% 이상이고 대부분 미계측 유역임을 감안할 때, 합리적인 기준이나 보완 없이 기존의 SCS-CN법을 적용하는 것은 무리가 있다. 본 연구에서는 유역내에서 강우의 손실이나 유출에 큰 영향을 미치는 유역경사를 고려한 SCS-CN 산정방법을 개발하는데 주안점을 두었고, 기존의 면적가중평균 방법과 GIS를 이용한 분포형 SCS-CN 산정방법 그리고 유역경사를 고려한 분포형 SCS-CN 산정방법으로 비교, 검토하였다. 건설기술연구원에서 운영중인 시험유역 설마천에 대한 적용결과, SCS-CN법에 의한 유효강우량 산정시 유역경사가 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 따라서 GIS 기반의 유역경사를 고려한 분포형 SCS-CN 산정방법이 산지하천유역의 유효강우량 산정방법으로 제안되었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.199-199
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• 2017

Sustainable wheat production is of paramount importance for attaining/maintaining the food self-sufficiency status of the rapidly growing nation of Pakistan. However, the average wheat yield per unit area has been dwindling in recent years and the climate-induced variations in rainfall patterns and temperature regimes, during the wheat growth period, are believed to be the reason behind this decline. Crop growth simulation models are powerful tools capable of playing pivotal role in evaluating the climate change impacts on crop yield or productivity. This study was aimed to predict the plausible variations in the wheat yield for future climatic trends so that possible mitigation strategies could be explored. For this purpose, Aquacrop model v. 4.0 was employed to simulate the wheat yield under present and future climatology of the largest agricultural province of Punjab in Pakistan. The data related to crop phenology, management and yield were collected from the experimental plots to calibrate and validate the model. The future climate projections were statistically downscaled from five general circulation models (GCMs) and compared with the base line climate from 1980 to 2010. The model was fed with the projected climate to simulate the wheat yield based on the RCP (representative concentration pathways) 4.5 and 8.5. Under the worst, most likely future scenario of temperature rise and rainfall reduction, the crop yield decreased and water footprint, especially blue, increased, owing to the elevated irrigation demands due to accelerated evapotranspiration rates. The modeling results provided in this study are expected to provide a basic framework for devising policy responses to minimize the climate change impacts on wheat production in the area.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2023

In this study, the removal efficiency of road sweeping and sand filter facility for removing total suspended solid (TSS) as nonpoint source pollution from expressway was evaluated for the last 10 years (2012~2021) using ROADMOD. ROADMOD is a screening level model and was calibrated for runoff rate and TSS loading both at the inlet, which is the loading from the drainage area, and the outlet, from the sand filter facility. The drainage area is 715 m² and the dimensions of sand filter facility are 1.5 m (wide) × 3.8 m (length) × 1.5 m (depth). The monitoring period for model calibration was the rainfall event during Aug. 31~Sep. 1, 2021 and the amount of rainfall was 74.5 mm. As a result of calibration, the determination coefficients (R²) of the flow rate were 0.66 and 0.86, for the inlet and outlet, respectively, and those of TSS loading were 0.50 and 0.84, for the inlet and outlet, respectively. Considering that ROADMOD is a screening level model, the calibration results were reasonable to evaluate the best management practices (BMPs) on the expressway. Using ROADMOD simulation results for 2012~2021, the average yearly runoff rate from the expressway was 82% and removal efficiency was 9% for road sweeping, 35% for sand filter facility, and 39% for both road sweeping and sand filter facility.