• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze, by forming an experimental area of artificial soil green area that is of equal scale and analyzing the characteristics of runoff water in accordance with the cross-section configuration, applied the benefits in an actual multi-housing case study complex. In examining the measurement test results of the runoff water infiltration amount and surface runoff amount of a low-profile type green area(Dish type) and a general type green area(Mound type), Dish type was seen to have 1.5-times higher runoff water infiltration amount than Mound type during heavy rainfalls and showed about a 50% reduction with respect to the surface runoff amount. In other words, artificial soil green area offers the benefit of reduction of surface runoff amount and suggests, in actuality even with a change to the cross-sectional configuration of artificial soil green area alone at the time of construction of multi-housings, the possibility of benefits and reduction of costs spent on existing rainwater management facilities.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

Because the pure titanium has superior corrosion resistance and formability compared with different material, it is widely used as material of welded heat exchanger. When the welding of heat exchanger is carried out, certain area in which welding start and end are overlapped occurs. The humping of back bead is formed in the overlap area due to partial penetration. Thus in this study, the experiments were carried out by changing the length and wave shape of overlap area, and then the weldabiliay was evaluated through the observation of microstructure, the measurement of hardness and tensile-shear strength test in the overlap area. When overlap length was 9.8mm, humping bead was suppressed. The microstructure of overlap area coarsened and its hardness increased due to remelting. As a result of tensile-shear strength test in the overlap area according to applying the wave shape control, it was confirmed that the overlap area applied wave shape control had more excellent yield strength and ductility.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2000

이 연구는 다른 수종에 비해 상대적으로 빠른 생장을 보여 상업적으로 중요하게 여겨지는 뉴질랜드 사우스랜드 지역에 조림된 미송(美松) (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco)의 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 추정 함수 유도에 관한 것이다. 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 함수를 도출하기 위하여 중간 측정 주기의 영구 표본점 데이터가 사용되었고, 대수차분(代數差分) 방정식을 이용하여 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 함수식을 유도하였다. 모수(母數) 추정은 SAS의 비선형 루틴에 의하여 수행하였다. 다양한 생장 추정 함수 모델을 적용한 후 잔차를 분석하여 평균제곱오차가 가장 작고 잔차 패턴이 편의가 없는 생장식을 선발하여, 추가 독립변수를 적용하여 모델의 추정 정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 여러 추정 생장 함수 중 지위지수(地位指數) 및 간벌주기를 독립변수로 포함한 Schumacher 다형곡선(多形曲線) 생장식이 가장 정밀한 추정을 나타내었다. 이 결과로 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 생장과 지위지수(地位指數)사이에는 양(+)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 정의된 간벌주기는 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績)식의 정도(精度)를 높이는데 유용한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2003

Purpose : This descriptive study was performed to analyze the trends of nursing interventional studies in adult nursing area. Method : All interventional studies of 'Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing Society', fifty three articles, from 1989 to 2000 were collected and reviewed Result : The research subject were patients in 38(66.7%) and 81.8% of researches was performed in hospital environment. There was only one true experimental design and most of articles(79.2%) were designed by quasi-experimental method Only 17% of articles have theoretical framework and 73.6% of articles described research hypotheses. The data collection methods for variables were as follows: Psychosocial measurement 60.8%, physiological measurement 25.7%, and observation 13.5%, respectively. Lecture(16.7%), audio-visual(16.7%), and book, pamphlet, or leaflets(13.6%) were the most frequently used instruments of the interventions. Behavioral domain(60.3%) and Physiological: Basic domain(29.3%) was the most common, when the interventions were classified by Nursing Intervention Classification. Physiological(50.8%) and psychosocial variables(49.2%) were the two major dependent variables. Conclusion : Considering the above results obtained, the nursing intervention studies in adult nursing area have been tested with quasi-experimental studies through clinical trials. For the development of clinical nursing practice and advancement of nursing theories, the amount of interventional studies should be increased and the quality of research methods refined more to develop nursing science and practice in adult nursing area.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.154-164
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• 2017

Purpose: Measurement of the root surface area (RSA) is important in periodontal treatment and for the evaluation of periodontal disease as a risk factor for systemic disease. The aim of this study was to measure the RSA at 6 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) using the Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Methods: We obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from 33 patients who had visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of Dankook University Dental Hospital. The patients comprised 17 men and 16 women aged from 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 24.4 years. Only morphologically intact teeth were included in our data. Because the third molars of the maxilla and mandible have a high deformation rate and were absent in some participants, they were not included in our research material. Results: The CBCT data were reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) teeth models using the Mimics software, and the RSA at 6 mm below the CEJ was separated and measured using 3-Matic (Materialise). In total, 924 3D teeth models were created, and the area at 6 mm below the CEJ could be isolated in all the models. The area at 6 mm below the CEJ was measured in all teeth from the 33 patients and compared based on sex and position (maxilla vs. mandible). Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that it was feasible to generate 3D data and to evaluate RSA values using CBCT and the Mimics software. These results provide deeper insights into the relationship between periodontal inflammatory burden and systemic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture stimulation and relaxation therapy on autonomic nervous system for students with examination stress by HRV, PSV and to find out relationship with anti-stress effect. Methods : The study group consists of 42 students were classified into three groups randomly : acupuncture stimulation group(male n=8, female n=6), relaxation therapy group(male n=8, female n=6) and rest group(male n=8, female n=6). Using heart rate variability and pupil size variability, we measured the value of HRT, SDNN, SDSD, LF norm, HF norm, LF/HF ratio, Pupil area, and compared the changes the sympathetic- parasympathetic activity. Measurement value were compared before and after, during midterm examination and normal times. Results : 1. HRT, LF/HF ratio, LF norm of acupuncture group was significantly decreased and HF norm were significantly increased in HRV after acupuncture stimulation at a term of examination. While variables of the other group were no significantly different. 2. SDNN of acupuncture group were significantly increased in HRV after acupuncture stimulation at normal times. 3. Pupil area, LF norm, HF norm of three group were no significantly different in PSV at a term of examination. 4. Pupil area of relaxation group were significantly decreased in PSV at normal times. While variables of the other group were no significantly different. 5. HRT of rest group were significantly decreased in HRV between three groups at a term of examination and normal times. 6. Pupil area of relaxation group were significantly decreased in PSV between three groups at a term of examination and normal times. Conclusion : The results suggest that acupuncture stimulation is associated with changed activity in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Measurement values of HRV and PSV are suitable to estimate the activity of automatic nervous system.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 균일부식이 발생하는 저합금강의 노출면적에 따른 부식속도의 변화를 관찰하고 이에 대한 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 다양한 표면적을 지닌 동일한 저합금강 시편의 부식속도를 전기 화학적 임피던스 분광법, 직선분극저항 측정법, 동전위 분극 시험법을 이용하여 산출하였다. 또한 전자주사현미경, X선 광전자 분광법 및 X선 전자탐침 미량분석을 이용하여 표면분석을 실시하였다. 전기화학적 시험 결과 모든 시험법에서 시편의 크기가 증가할수록 부식속도가 높게 산출되었으며, 표면분석을 통해 망간과 황으로 구성된 화합물이 존재하는 영역에서 우선적으로 부식이 발생하며, 이 화합물과 철 또는 구리 산화물이 소양극-대음극의 미세 갈바닉 셀을 구성함을 확인하였다. 이러한 효과는 시편 크기에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 국부적인 부식이 우선적으로 발생한 후, 부식생성물이 표면을 덮게 되어 점차 균일부식의 형태로 전환하게 된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2003

Purpose: Although there is a lot of secondary data available for comparing community health status and planning health policies in terms of large area such as metropolitan cities or provinces, there is restricted data for establishing community health policies of the small areas such as towns, Gun(i.e., districts), and Gu. Specifically, the problems of producing a valuable index for health promotion in small areas are three fold: First, there is not an appropriate index model for measuring a small community health status. Second, a large part of secondary data in the small areas has been produced in an irregular time interval. In addition, all valuable data can not be integrated without time consuming work. Thus this study tries to establish a health promotion index model for assisting community health promotion initiatives of local governments. Methods and materials: Literature review, community health specialist consultation and a questionnaire survey was performed. Results: Based on Dever's model, a prototype of health promotion indicators was proposed and modified by the community health specialists. 15 classification scheme of statistical yearbook reorganized into the six areas. Those six areas were comprised in 24 indicator class with 96 specific indicators. Through further modification processes by a questionnaire survey, we developed a health promotion indicator model that contains six areas with 23 indicator class encompassed by 87 specific indicators. Conclusions: This study proposed a model of health promotion indicator comprised in the six areas with 23 indicator classes for measuring small area health promotion status. However, more specific or additional data in human biology, environment, and socioeconomic data is essential for producing a stronger model for health promotion measurement.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1255-1261
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 계절별 국내 해상 DGPS 기준국 신호의 전파 특성을 측정하고 기후 및 계절에 따른 서비스 영역을 분석한다. 해상 DGPS 기준국을 중심으로 내륙 서비스 영역에서 수신 신호의 전계 강도와 신호대 잡음비를 측정 분석한다. 산악지형과 대지 도전율이 낮은 안테나 사이트를 갖는 기준국을 제외한 해상 DGPS 기준국의 내륙 서비스 영역은 서비스 영역 대비 68 %이상의 양호한 서비스 영역을 제공하고 있다. 계절에 따른 안정된 서비스 영역을 갖기 위해서는 양호한 대지 도전율을 갖는 안테나 사이트와 보다 높은 안테나 효율을 갖는 해상 DGPS 기준국 설치 및 운영이 필요하다. 아울러 내륙 기준국과의 이중 서비스 영역 제공으로 전파 경로상의 장애물로 인한 불안정한 서비스 영역을 해소할 수 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2015

국내외 건설사업에 BIM적용이 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 이에 따라 국가적 차원에서의 제도 및 기준이 개발되어 BIM기반 건설사업에 적용되고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서 건물에 포함된 공간객체에 대한 면적을 산출하기 위한 기준은 주택법과 건축법으로 이원화 되어 적용되고 있으며, BIM기반 소프트웨어에서 생성된 IFC파일은 적용되는 기준과 상관없이 항상 동일한 공간객체의 형상정보가 생성되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 IFC기반 공간객체 및 경계객체의 속성정보를 활용하여, 적정한 면적산정 기준을 산정하고 이에 따라 해당 공간객체 형상정보의 좌표 값을 자동으로 변환시켜 줄 수 있는 IFC기반 공간형상정보 좌표 변환 자동화 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다.