• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.5 s.101
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• pp.797-806
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• 2005

The objective of the In-h(High Level Architecture) have recommended by DoD(Department of Defense) is to facilitate interoperability among simulations and to promote reuse of their components. There are many legacy simulation softwares developed before the HLA becomes simulation standard. The integration of legacy simulations into federations using the HLA is an important research topic in M&S(Modeling and Simulation) area. Legacy simulation softwares of the mission critical industry such as nuclear and aerospace are generally use Fortran language. However, the reuse of those is not easy because the HLA is not support Fortran language. This paper suggests a integration method which minimizes the modification of legacy simulation software and migrates the legacy simulation software to HLA federation. Each federate participating in federation have the separated executables that communicate via a shared memory created at run-time. Two types of shared memory blocks are used for publication and subscription. Declaration block for global variables used in legacy simulation software is separated for publication and subscription and then mapped as classes of objects and interactions for the HLA FOM design. To validate the suggested method, we approached the HLA integration of legacy nuclear simulation code being used in plant design and to observe the integration results, we used the FMT(Federation Management Tool). The diagnostic information which the FTM displays showed that our method can be successfully and effectively used for a HLA federation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.6
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• pp.557-566
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• 2008

NGN(Next Generation Network) is a communication network which can make use of broadband and QoS-enabled transport technologies. One of the main service issues over NGN is a multimedia service, such as IPTV, using a multicast method. And overlay multicast technology is one of the promising solutions instead of traditional multicast technology which has a few problems, and supports flexibility and scalability for multicast services. Also, the main controversial topic in NGN and overlay multicast is QoS. In the present paper, we designed an agent in each receiver's network, and a manager which is in a source network and which manages the whole multicast network. Both of them are communicating with each other and applying resource policies to their multicast network. This mechanism enables overlay multicast to support QoS, focusing on RACF(Resource and Admission Control Functions) in NGN QoS architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.70-82
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• 2023

The recent surge of IT and data acquisition is shifting the paradigm in all aspects of life, and these advances are also affecting academic fields. Research topics and methods are being improved through academic exchange and connections. In particular, data-based research methods are employed in various academic fields, including landscape architecture, where continuous research is needed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possibility of developing a landscape preference evaluation and prediction model using machine learning, a branch of Artificial Intelligence, reflecting the current situation. To achieve the goal of this study, machine learning techniques were applied to the landscaping field to build a landscape preference evaluation and prediction model to verify the simulation accuracy of the model. For this, wind power facility landscape images, recently attracting attention as a renewable energy source, were selected as the research objects. For analysis, images of the wind power facility landscapes were collected using web crawling techniques, and an analysis dataset was built. Orange version 3.33, a program from the University of Ljubljana was used for machine learning analysis to derive a prediction model with excellent performance. IA model that integrates the evaluation criteria of machine learning and a separate model structure for the evaluation criteria were used to generate a model using kNN, SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Neural Network algorithms suitable for machine learning classification models. The performance evaluation of the generated models was conducted to derive the most suitable prediction model. The prediction model derived in this study separately evaluates three evaluation criteria, including classification by type of landscape, classification by distance between landscape and target, and classification by preference, and then synthesizes and predicts results. As a result of the study, a prediction model with a high accuracy of 0.986 for the evaluation criterion according to the type of landscape, 0.973 for the evaluation criterion according to the distance, and 0.952 for the evaluation criterion according to the preference was developed, and it can be seen that the verification process through the evaluation of data prediction results exceeds the required performance value of the model. As an experimental attempt to investigate the possibility of developing a prediction model using machine learning in landscape-related research, this study was able to confirm the possibility of creating a high-performance prediction model by building a data set through the collection and refinement of image data and subsequently utilizing it in landscape-related research fields. Based on the results, implications, and limitations of this study, it is believed that it is possible to develop various types of landscape prediction models, including wind power facility natural, and cultural landscapes. Machine learning techniques can be more useful and valuable in the field of landscape architecture by exploring and applying research methods appropriate to the topic, reducing the time of data classification through the study of a model that classifies images according to landscape types or analyzing the importance of landscape planning factors through the analysis of landscape prediction factors using machine learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.64-78
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• 2024

Storytelling is a communication technique to express and convey the story using various media, where the audience accepts the story, reinterprets the topic and interacts with the storyteller. It was assumed that the user's significance and awareness about the storytelling technique applied to historical theme parks would have an impact on the satisfaction of using the theme park and intention to revisit. In this study, it was purposed to derive the structural factors of spatial storytelling in historical theme parks, and to understand the impact of user's awareness and constituent factors on user responses. Based on previous researches, the structural factors of spatial storytelling in historical theme parks were derived related to theme, experientiality, unusualness, educationalness, unity, expressiveness, interactivity, and interest, and for which the users' awareness was surveyed. The survey was conducted targeting the users of Samguk Yusa Theme Park located in Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, where the collected data was analyzed using EXCEL2020 and SPSS 21.0 statistical programs, and the results are as follows: First, the spatial storytelling technique applied as a conveying method of the theme of Samguk Yusa Theme Park affects users' satisfaction and intention to revisit, and most respondents responded that the storytelling was significant. Second, it showed that the significance of unusualness and educationalness among the awareness of significance of the spatial storytelling constituent factors of Samguk Yusa Theme Park has a significant impact on user's satisfaction, and the significance of unusualness, interactivity, educationalness, and interest has a significant impact on intention to revisit. Third, it showed that the awareness of interest, theme, and unity has a significant impact on user's satisfaction depending on the user's awareness of spatial storytelling constituent factors of Samguk Yusa Theme Park, and the awareness of interactivity and experientiality has a significant impact on intention to revisit. This study is meaningful in quantitative analysis and interpretation of the influence of storytelling on user's response to historical theme parks by the exploratory analysis of characteristic factors and spatial storytelling constituent factors on historical theme parks and deriving the structural factors of spatial storytelling in historical theme parks.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Cities will soon host two third of the population worldwide, and already today 80% of the world energy is used in the 20 largest cities. Urban areas create 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, so we should take care that urban areas are smart and sustainable as implementations have especially here the greatest impact. Smart Cities (SC) or Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) are the actual concepts that describe methodologies how cities can handle the high density of citizens, efficiency of energy use, better quality of life indicators, high attractiveness for foreign investments, high attractiveness for people from abroad and many other critical improvements in a shifting environment. But if we talk about Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation, we do not see a lot of literature covering this topic within those SC/SSC concepts. It seems that 'Smart' implies that all is embedded, or isn't it properly covered as brick stone of SC/SSC concepts, as they are handled in another 'responsibility silo', meaning that the policy implementation of a Science and Technology Park (STP) is handled in another governing body than SC/SSC developments. If this is true, we will obviously miss a lot of synergy effects and economies of scale effects. Effects that we could have in case we stop the siloed approaches of STPs by following a more holistic concept of a Smart Sustainable City, covering also a continuous flow of innovation into the city, without necessarily always depend on large corporate SSC solutions. We try to argue that every SSC should integrate SP/STP concepts or better their features and services into their methodology. The very limited interconnectivity between these concepts within the governance models limits opportunities and performance in both systems. Redesigning the architecture of the governance models and accepting that we have to design a system-of-systems would support the possible technology flow for smart city technologies, it could support testbed functionalities and the public-private partnership approach with embedded business models. The challenge is of course in complex governance and integration, as we often face siloed approaches. But real SSC are smart as they are connecting all those unconnected siloes of stakeholders and technologies that are not yet interoperable. We should not necessarily follow anymore old greenfield approaches neither in SSCs nor in SP and STP concepts from the '80s that don't fit anymore, being replaced by holistic sustainability concepts that we have to implement in any new or revised SSC concepts. There are new demands for each SP/STP being in or close to an SC/SCC as they have a continuous demand for feeding the technology base and the application layer and should also act as testbeds. In our understanding, a big part of STP inputs and outputs are still needed, but in a revised and extended format. We know that most of the SC/STP studies claim the impact is still far from understood and often debated, therefore we must transform the concepts where SC/STPs are not own 'cities', but where they act as technology source and testbed for industry and new SSC business models, being part of the SC/STP concept and governance from the beginning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.208-213
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• 2016

In the fourth industrial revolution, customization is becoming a conversation topic in various domains. Industry 4.0 applies cyber-physical systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing to manufacturing businesses. One of the main phrases in Industry 4.0 is mass customization. Optimized products or services are developed and provided through customization. Therefore, the competitiveness of a product can be enhanced, and satisfaction is improved. In particular, as IoT technology spreads, customization is an essential aspect of smooth service connections between various devices or things. Customized services in mobile applications are assembled and operate in various mobile devices in the mobile environment. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for improving customized cloud server-based mobile architectures, processes, and metrics, and for measuring the performance improvement of the customized architectures operating in various mobile devices based on the Android or IOS platforms. We reduce the total time required for customization in half as a result of applying the proposed customized architectures, processes, and metrics in various devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify potential semantic landscape makeup of "the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon" according to Yin-Yang and Five Elements Principle(陰陽五行論). that speculation system between human's nature and cosmical universal order. Existing academic discussions made so far concerning this topic can be summed up as follows: 1. Among Yin-Yang-based landscape makeups of the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, poetic writings for embodiment of interactions between nature and human behaviors focused on depicting dynamic aspects of a poetic narrator when he appreciates or explores hills and streams as of to live free from worldly cares. Primarily, many of those writings were created on the east and south primarily through assignment of yang. On the other hand, poetic writings for embodiment of nature and seasonal scenery - as static landscape makeup of yin - were often created on or near the north and west for many times. Those writings focusing on embodiment of nature and artificial scenery as a work are divided into two categories: One category refers to author Kim In-hu's expression of semantic landscape from seasonal scenery in nature. The other refers to his depiction of realistic garden images as they are. In the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, the poetic writings show that author Kim focused on embodying seasonal scenery rather than expressing human behaviors. In addition, both Poem No. 1 and Poem No. 48(last poem; titled 'Jangwon Jeyeong') were created in a same place, which author Kim sought to understand the place as a space of beginning and end where yin and yang - i.e. the principle of natural cycle - are inherent. 2. According to construction about landscape in the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon on the basis of Ohaeng-ron (five natural element principle), it was found that tree(木) and fire(火) are typical examples of a world combined by emanation. First, many of poetic writings depicting the sentiments of tree focused on embodying seasonal scenery and were located in the place of Ogogmun(五曲門) area in the east, from overall perspective of Soswaewon. The content of these poems shows generation and curve / straightness in flexibility and simplicity. Many of poems depicting the sentiments of fire(火) focused on embodying human behaviors, and they were created in Aeyangdan area on the south of Soswaewon over which sun rises at noon. These poems are all on a status of side movement that is characterized by emanation and ascension which belong to attributes of yang. 3. With regard to Ohaeng-ron's interpretation about landscape in the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, it was found that metal(金) and water(水) are typical examples of world combined by convergence. First, it was found that all of poems depicting sentiments of metal focused on embodying seasonal scenery, and were created in a bamboo grove area on the west from overall perspective of Soswaewon. They represent scenery of autumn among 4 seasons to symbolize faithfulness vested in a man of virtue(seonbi) with integrity and righteousness. Poems depicting sentiments of water were created in vicinity of Jewoldang on the north, possibly topmost of Soswaewon. They were divided into two categories: One category refers to poems embodying actions of welcoming the first full moon deep in the night after sunset, and the other refers to poems embodying natural scenery of snowscape. All of those poems focused on expressing any atmosphere of turning into yin via convergence. 4. With regard to Ohaeng-ron's interpretation of landscape in the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, it was found that poems depicting sentiments of earth(土), a complex body of convergence and emanation, were created in vicinity of mountain stream around Gwangpunggak which is located in the center of Soswaewon. These poems focused on carrying actions of author Kim by way of natural phenomena and artificial scenery.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2011

Most domestic companies, with the exclusion of major firms, are reluctant to implement a supply chain management (SCM) network into their operations. Most small- and medium-sized enterprises are not even aware of SCM. Due to the inherent total-systems efficiency of SCM, it coordinates domestic manufacturers, subcontractors, distributors, and physical distributors and cuts down on cost of inventory control, as well as demand management. Furthermore, a lack of SCM causes a decrease in competitiveness for domestic companies. The reason lies in the fundamentality of SCM, which is the characteristic of information sharing, process innovation throughout SCM, and the vast range of problems the SCM management tool is able to address. This study suggests the contemplation and reformation of the current SCM situation by analyzing the SCM strategic plan, discourses and logical discussions on the topic, and a successful case for adapting SCM; hence, the study plans to productively "process" SCM. First, it is necessary to contemplate the theoretical background of SCM before discussing how to successfully process SCM. I will describe the concept and background of SCM in Chapter 2, with a definition of SCM, types of SCM promotional activities, fields of SCM, necessity of applying SCM, and the effects of SCM. All of the defects in currently processing SCM will be introduced in Chapter 3. Discussion items include the following: the Bullwhip Effect; the breakdown in supply chain and sales networks due to e-business; the issue that even though the key to a successful SCM is cooperation between the production and distribution company, during the process of SCM, the companies, many times, put their profits first, resulting in a possible defect in demands estimation. Furthermore, the problems of processing SCM in a domestic distribution-production company concern Information Technology; for example, the new system introduced to the company is not compatible with the pre-existing document architecture. Second, for effective management, distribution and production companies should cooperate and enhance their partnership in the aspect of the corporation; however, in reality, this seldom occurs. Third, in the aspect of the work process, introducing SCM could provoke corporations during the integration of the distribution-production process. Fourth, to increase the achievement of the SCM strategy process, they need to set up a cross-functional team; however, many times, business partners lack the cooperation and business-information sharing tools necessary to effect the transition to SCM. Chapter 4 will address an SCM strategic plan and a case study of LG Electronics. The purpose of the strategic plan, strategic plans for types of business, adopting SCM in a distribution company, and the global supply chain process of LG Electronics will be introduced. The conclusion of the study is located in Chapter 5, which addresses the issue of the fierce competition that companies currently face in the global market environment and their increased investment in SCM, in order to better cope with short product life cycle and high customer expectations. The SCM management system has evolved through the adaptation of improved information, communication, and transportation technologies; now, it demands the utilization of various strategic resources. The introduction of SCM provides benefits to the management of a network of interconnected businesses by securing customer loyalty with cost and time savings, derived through the consolidation of many distribution systems; additionally, SCM helps enterprises form a wide range of marketing strategies. Thus, we could conclude that not only the distributors but all types of businesses should adopt the systems approach to supply chain strategies. SCM deals with the basic stream of distribution and increases the value of a company by replacing physical distribution with information. By the company obtaining and sharing ready information, it is able to create customer satisfaction at the end point of delivery to the consumer.