• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of residential architecture designed by Gwathmey Siegel in terms of their way of composing spaces and forms. Charles Gwathmey, one of the founders of Gwathmey Siegel, is a worldly famous architect who actively developed Neo-Modernistic architecture in his career. For this study, 15 major houses designed by Gwathmey Siegel were selected and analyzed in terms of their approaches on how to compose various spaces and forms, and how these approaches evolved as time passed. The analysis was mainly based on the drawings and photos of the houses published. The main characteristics found in this study can be summarized as follows: elevated LDK level, split-level composition, use of framing structure, layered space, and linear galleries as a spine of circulation with collaged volumes attached. It turned out these characteristics appeared, faded away, or evolved affecting each other. In early days, Gwathmey often elevated LDK level from ground level for providing privacy, views, and also for separating private rooms. Soon they composed spaces by splitting levels. It not only helped provide privacy where needed effectively, but made space composition more interesting. As sizes of the houses they designed grew, Gwathmey came up with the framing idea for expressing his original architectural language in larger scale. With the split-level composition, the framing method represented Gwathmey's in 70's. This framing introduced layers of interior spaces, and the layers started to break down the monumental framing into individual volumes by bringing in linear spine of circulation. These characteristics helped Gwathmey Siegel develop their own architectural language.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1346-1351
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• 2009

In this paper we propose a framework for an Object Relational IFC Server (OR-IFC Server). Enormous amounts of information are generated in each project. Today, many BIM systems are developed by various CAD software vendors. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) developed by International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) is an open standard data model for exchanging data between the various BIM tools. The IFC provides a foundation for exchanging and sharing of information directly between software applications and define a shared building project model. The IFC model server is a database management system that can keep track of transactions, modifications, and deletions. It plays a role as an information hub for storing and sharing information between various parties involved in construction projects. Users can communicate with each other via the internet and utilize functions implemented in the model server such as partial data import/export, file merge, version control, etc. IFC model servers using relational database systems have been developed. However, they suffered from slow performance and long transaction time due to a complex mapping process between the IFC structure and a relational-database structure because the IFC model schema is defined in the EXPRESS language which is object-favored language. In order to simplify the mapping process, we developed a set of rules to map the IFC model to an object-relational database (ORDB). Once the database has been configured, only those pieces of information that are required for a specific information-exchange scenario are extracted using the pre-defined information delivery manual (IDM). Therefore, file sizes will be reduced when exchanging data, meaning that files can now be effectively exchanged and shared. In this study, the framework of the IFC server using ORDB and IDM and the method to develop it will be examined.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Along with the increase in Multi-unit housing defect disputes, the importance of defect management is also increased. However, previous studies have mostly focused on the Multi-unit housing's 'common part'. In addition, there is a lack of research on the system for the 'management office', which is a part of the subject of defect management. These resulted in the lack of defect management capability of the management office and the deterioration of management quality. Therefore, this paper proposes a machine learning-based defect data management system for management offices. The goal is to solve the inconvenience of management by using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) modules. This system converts handwritten defect information into online text via OCR. By using the language model, the defect information is regenerated along with the form specified by the user. Eventually, the generated text is stored in a database and statistical analysis is performed. Through this chain of system, management office is expected to improve its defect management capabilities and support decision-making.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4E
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• pp.139-143
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• 2005

The present study aims to investigate the effects of speaker location on the speech intelligibility in a classroom. In order to this, acoustic measurements were undertaken in a classroom with three different sound source locations such as center of front wall (FC), both sides of front wall (FS) and the center of ceiling (CC). SPL, RT, $D_{50}$, RASTI were measured in the 9 measurement points with same sound power level of sound source and MLS was used as the sound source signal. Also, subjective listening tests were carried out using Korean language listening materials which were recorded in an anechoic chamber. The recorded syllables were replayed and recorded again in the classroom with same sound source at three different locations and listening tests were undertaken to 20 respondents who were asked to write the correct syllables which were recorded in the classroom. The results show that higher sound intelligibility ($D_{50}$ of $47\%$, RASTI of 0.56) was obtained when sound source was located at the FS. The results also show that high sound intelligibility was obtained at the area nearby walls.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4031-4040
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of masonry techniques on Roman ancient architecture. Opus so means masonry, has many types and techniques and still we use that word. Roman masonry technique appears to be very diverse kinds throughout to try and change the outcome of new technology. Depending on the use of materials the process can distinguished in three courses. First, just use only stones and bricks. Second is the use of concrete that is advanced to cement structure. Third is the use of air-dried bricks and grilled bricks. Roman masonry ranges of techniques not limited to the construction of the resulting but created a variety of architectural language. Architectural space is based on a comprehensive development of masonry techniques.

• Architectural research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This article examines spatial concepts of urban design led by Camillo Sitte (1843-1903) and its influences. Sitte infused the fervor of city planning as an initiator, and his achievements affected Adolf Loos (1870-1933). Thus, this thesis, with regard to Sitte's penchants concerning urban design, focuses on two matters in order to understand Camillo Sitte's efforts to invent a new method on modern city planning and its influence on an architect: first, it deals with his urban studies, theories, and practices on city planning that consider communal living and everyday life and urban typology as well; second, it discusses how his urban ideas are accepted by Adolf Loos. Conclusively, through the investigations on Sitte's movement on city planning and its influence on Adolf Loos, this study clarifies Sitte's efforts to improve urban life and its milieus, and then Loos's efforts to adopt Sitte's criticisms and then re-interpret them in tune with the modern way of living as well. As a result, this thesis shows that they suggested new methods in performing dialectic designs, drawing on the picturesque and modern tradition, although their difference is differentiated from the sense of space, exterior vs. interior, i.e. Raumkunst vs. Raumplan.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.2 s.26
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• pp.73-84
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• 2001

The main purpose of this paper is to show that the new paradigm of a period can be constructed by the reinterpretation of the historical precedents or the dialectical mediation between the old and new. We can tell this process the creative dialogue between the past and present. The continuity and rupture, the renovation and succession of the tradition can be understand by this interpretive insight that opens the new horizon in architecture. In oder to prove this preconception this paper analyses the ideas and design principles of Le Corbusier. By showing how his main ideas and principles are formulated we can understand his unique position as a modernist and characteristics of his architecture. It is also the another purpose of this paper. This paper first looks into various aspects of his architecture and his personal background, then Investigates his unique approach to historical precedents. By the imaginative eye and comparison with inspiration he connected contemporary situation to the tradition and was able to deduce a new paradigm in architecture. His way of making relationship with the past was a priori, dialectical, and fundamentalistic. He always searched for universal norm, eternal rules, and timeless principles which are also modern and new. This both side shows well his characteristics and his architecture. Eventually he could invent a Modern language of architecture by the several ways of dialogue between the modem and the classical, new technology and old convention. We can say that his way of dialogue is a kind of reinterpretation of the historical precedents which enables open the future of architecture.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.1 s.33
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• pp.7-24
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• 2003

Considering on the crisis and dilemma of monumentality in Modern architecture, this study analyse the historic reason of decay and new possibility of monumentality within the context of contemporary socio-cultural context. Historically monumentality has been considered as a main substance of High architecture in e tradition of Western Architecture. Difference between building and architecture mainly lies in monumentality which brings about esthetic quality. Usually architects take it granted that the physical and formal characteristics automatically cause the monumentality, But since the modem period the decline of communicative and representative function of architecture made this belief questionable. As Monumentality itself faced the dilemma with the modernity, ironically architects has to response to the task to handle the increasing social demands of monumental building. This study firstly shows the dilemma of monumentality in depth in case of the holocaust museum. Then we analyse the concept of monumentality itself by means of theoretical view of A. Loos and A Riegl We also analyse the change of role which monumental building played in history. Cultural and social change of context, and fundamental change of architecture old way of building a monument impossible. In conclusion this study proposes the new concept and searches new horizon of monumentality with a finding of the otherness of monumentality. Conventional monumental building language has to give way to new approaches. With some examples we already can find a new possibility.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

In the resultant period of architectural transition and a tendency towards unthinking formalism, it is all the more important for designers to question the meaning of their actions and their role in society. Modern architects were convinced that their visions were reality, their ideas truth. Yet this assumption is was the fundamental issue, for what reality and how is it perceived? Harries argues a rediscovery of a language of natural symbols, which might help create buildings that are experienced as necessary rather than arbitrary. These symbols are said to express the essential patterns of human existence in the world. In the Frank Lloyd Wright's works, the uniqueness of his architecture lies in its expression and interpretation of nature and people's existence in the world. This study is intended to be an investigation of the nature of physical expression and perception of the reality known, and to seek to present Wright's philosophy of house design in relation to nature and non-arbitrary architecture. Finally this paper concludes that the architectural expression of expressions of Wright's houses are timeless and full of lift, and these built qualities are necessary and could not readily be otherwise.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.73-83
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• 2005

Recently, by the expansion of Industrial Capitalism and the development of Information Technology, the qualify of humans' life came to have various aspects. In this era of variety, among all the different attempts Rem Koolhaas(OMA)'s architectures attract attention for their architecture's new point of view in architectural design. On the basis of the objective fact in the modern world, as a construction which expresses the language naturally, and a democratic architecture of a faithful part for the whole, these kinds of approach shows the similarity and the properties of Neue Sachlichkeit which has appeared in the colloquy and photographs in Germany at the end of the 20th century in the past. The main purpose of this study is to recognize the understanding and development of Neue Sachlichkeit's properties in architecutre - the Neue Sachlichkeit's influence on the architecture from elementerism, Constructivsit International, ABC Group and Holland's 'the De 8 and Opbouw's' architecture's move to the Holland's architecture - in colloquy and photographs from 1910 to 1930 which had the similar aspect and chronological situation of the modern world.