• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2007

This paper has focused on comprehending the interior designs and characteristics of modern department stores in Korea by looking into the birth and changes of those built under the Japanese Forced Occupation Period. The first modem department stores including Mitsukoshi, Georgia and Hwashin Department Stores began to appear in Korea under the Japanese Colonial Rule. They considered a variety of architectural elements like construction planning, shop arrangement, path of customer movement and interior design. The interior of modem department stores aimed to pursue the so-called modernization movement, but failed to fully contain the unique characteristics of the times in that particular period. Modem department stores took on new western styles prevailed in Korea and were characterized by the eclecticism in which various architectural forms exist together. In other words, their interiors implied a sign of the times in the confusing and corrupt world then. Especially those modern department stores were designed, repaired and extended by foreign designers who were ignorant of the history of Korean architecture. What is worse, their further remodelling practices made big mistakes by considering only functional and economical aspects and giving a back seat to the architectural and historical value of existing modern department stores. Therefore, we should make more efforts to study and conserve the fundamentals of modem architectures like modem department stores in order to have better understanding of the aesthetic value of indoor space and facilitating smooth communication between past and present.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2020

In typical, structural topology optimization plays a significant role to both increase stiffness and save mass of structures in the resulting design. This study contributes to a new numerical approach of topologically optimal design of Mindlin-Reissner plates considering Winkler foundation and mathematical formulations of multi-directional variable thickness of the plate by using multi-materials. While achieving optimal multi-material topologies of the plate with multi-directional variable thickness, the weight information of structures in terms of effective utilization of the material at the appropriate thickness location may be provided for engineers and designers of structures. Besides, numerical techniques of the well-established mixed interpolation of tensorial components 4 element (MITC4) is utilized to overcome a well-known shear locking problem occurring to thin plate models. The well-founded mathematical formulation of topology optimization problem with variable thickness Mindlin-Reissner plate structures by using multiple materials is derived in detail as one of main achievements of this article. Numerical examples verify that variable thickness Mindlin-Reissner plates on Winkler foundation have a significant effect on topologically optimal multi-material design results.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2020

In the design of buildings, lateral loading is one of the most important factors considered by structural designers. The concept of performance-based design (PBD) is well developed for seismic load. Whereas, wind design is mainly based on elastic analysis for both serviceability and strength. For tall buildings subject to extreme wind load, inelastic behavior and application of the concept of PBD bear consideration. For seismic design, current practice primarily presumes inelastic behavior of the structure and that energy is dissipated by plastic deformation. However, due to analysis complexity and computational cost, calculations used to predict inelastic behavior are often performed using elastic analysis and a response modification factor (R). Inelastic analysis is optionally performed to check the accuracy of the design. In this paper, a framework for application of an R factor for wind design is proposed. Theoretical background on the application and implementation is provided. Moreover, seismic and wind fatigue issues are explained for the purpose of quantifying the modification factor R for wind design.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

This study is to examine architectural designers' views on the correlations between components and contextual principle of the roadside building facade with the roadside building facade on the border of Asian Culture Center in Gwangju which is expected to undergo a great change by public policies. For setting direction of the roadside building management at the region examined, height of facade, advertisement/signboard, security of continuity through surface pattern management, nodes building, array of height by story, awning/arcade and locality of advertisement/signboard should be induced to design with locality and consideration of local characteristics with silhouette, window and external colors is needed for discrimination from other cities. Regarding the realization method important thing was found that the planning and implementation of architectural design guidelines, architectural aesthetics of the pre-hearing enhancement, active citizen participation, and then additional landscape screening system, incentive schemes, landscape designation of landscape zone was found to be a major realization system.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2013

As construction projects become bigger, PMIS is being used as a project collaboration tool for project participants, owners, designers, inspectors and contractors. As the data type used in PMIS is usually text and most PMIS have no standard information classification system, there is a problem with data usability, such as the capacity for data search and analysis. BIM uses Objects and Properties, and this information might be used for relating with other construction information. As such, BIM technologies can be used with PMIS to enhance the data usability. The web environment is very convenient for multiple users, but the problem is that the data transfer speed is low for big files such as BIM model files. In this study, we suggested a Virtual Technology (VT) application to enhance the performance of BIM data exchange in PMIS, and tested and analyzed its efficiency when it is used to integrate BIM and PMIS in the web environment. The results of the study showed that VT can be used to enhance the efficiency of BIM data exchange in the web environment.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

Numerous scholars have explored the modeling, control, and optimization of energy systems in buildings, offering new insights about technology and environments that can advance industry innovation. Eye trackers deliver objective eye-gaze data about visual and attentional processes. Due to its flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency in research, eye tracking has a control scheme that makes measuring rapid eye movement in three-dimensional space possible (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality). Because eye movement is an effective modality for digital interaction with a virtual environment, tracking how users scan a visual field and fix on various digital objects can help designers optimize building environments and materials. Although several scholars have conducted Virtual Reality studies in three-dimensional space, scholars have not agreed on a consistent way to analyze eye tracking data. We conducted eye tracking experiments using objects in three-dimensional space to find an objective way to process quantitative visual data. By applying a 12 × 12 grid framework for eye tracking analysis, we investigated how people gazed at objects in a virtual space wearing a headmounted display. The findings provide an empirical base for a standardized protocol for analyzing eye tracking data in the context of virtual environments.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

Currently, BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) design technology lacks analysis function at the planning stage, and there is a lack of understanding and reliability of BIPV design method and system for building designers. To design and consider various building integrated solar design alternatives, the color of building integrated solar is often monotonous or does not match the design direction of the building. In this study, architectural designers can select various color modules in the planning and design process of the building and analyze the characteristics of color module solar cells and compare and analyze the actual solar radiation and predicted solar radiation in Republic ofKorea Seoul to reduce the confusion of design methods. By building a BIM design integrated system that can prove the quality of the building and analyze the shading analysis and power generation performance architecturally, it can improve the reliability of color module solar cell applicability that can express aesthetics in buildings and the predicted solar power generation capacity of each region. In the initial design stage, based on the empirical data of the BIPV system, it is possible to analyze the power generation performance for each installation angle and installation direction by analyzing the surrounding environment and the installation area, and accurately determine the appropriateness of the design accordingly.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

In creative design, it is necessary to understand the characteristic of architectural design. In the world of design problem, a distinction can be made between those that are well-defined and those that are ill-defined. Well-defined problems are those for which the ends or goal, are already prescribed and apparent, their solution requires the provision of appropriate means. For ill-defined problems, on the other hand, both the ends and the means of solution are unknown at the outset of the problem solving exercise, at least in their entirety. Most of design problems is ill-defined, which is unknown at the beginning of the problem solving exercise. In order to solve the design problem, Designers take advantage of the search methods of problem space, such as global-search-methods(depth-first-methods, breath-first-methods), local-search-methods(generate and test, heuristics, hill-climbing, reasoning) and visual thinking, which is represented through sketching. Sketching is a real part of design reasoning and it does so through a special kind of visual imagery. Also in the design problem solving it have been an important means of problem exploration and solution generation. By sketching, they represent images held in the mind as well as makes graphic images which help generate mental images of entity that is being designed. The search methods of problem space and a visual thinking have been crucially considered in the architectural design. The purpose of this paper is to explore the property of design by means of the pre-existed-experiment data and literature research. The findings will help design the architectural design for more creative results.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

Purpose: The green building certification system in Korea was introduced in 2002 and developed as an improvement version of the G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) system in 2013. This study conducts surveys targeting architectural designers and users on significance of certification assessment criteria for apartment buildings on the G-SEED system and examines the differential views between the two groups on assessment criteria. Method: First, The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was used to find importance of assessment criteria and then the importances were compared with weighted points on the certification standard. Second, the t-test was used to investigate differential views between designer and user groups on certification assessment criteria based on drawn importances. Result: (1) While designer group considered land use and transportation, energy and environmental pollution, and water circulation management as more important, user group did material and resource, maintenance management, ecological environment, and indoor environment as more important. (2) Based on t-test results, sustainable energy, water circulation system, site management, habitat, acoustical environment, and light environment were found to be different on importance between the two groups.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in post-occupancy evaluation and to explore Improvement Directions. Also this study investigated historical development of domestic POE researches and current discussions to POE in architecture and interior design fields. The results were as follows. For the purpose of this study, 55 articles from 3 journals were selected and analyzed. 55 articles analyzing POE methodology and applying POE method were published from 1990 to 2010. In the 1990s, studies on introduction of POE method, potential and limitation were conducted. In the 2000s, the research theme showed the study for evaluation of apartment measuring the residents satisfaction. Gathering the opinions of designers and people in architecture field, they have recognized the need to perform POE, indeed it has been difficult to find POE researchers and utilized POE data. Nevertheless, some of them have performed POE of their building and got feedback from residents. In conclusion, to apply POE method and develop its potential, it is necessary to minimize the barriers. It should Therefore, be performed POE by stakeholders who are designers, builders and residents and POE data would be provided a variety of types. Furthermore, POE certification system should be designed at the government level and basically, POE courses must be included in the architectural curriculum.