• Computers and Concrete
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.621-634
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• 2021

For the reliable strut-and-tie model (STM) design of disturbed regions of concrete members, structural designers must accurately determine the strength of concrete struts to check the strength conditions of a selected STM el and the anchorage of reinforcing bars in nodal zones. In this study, the author proposed a consistent numerical method for strut strength, applicable to all two-dimensional STMs. The proposed method includes the effects of a biaxial stress state associated with tensile strains in reinforcing bars crossing a strut, deviation angle between strut orientation and compressive principal stress flow, and degree of confinement provided by reinforcement. The author examined the method's validity through the STM prediction of the ultimate strengths of 517 reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams, 24 RC panels, and 258 RC corbels, all tested to failure.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2021

In the remodeling projects, clients without architectural expertise have limitations in presenting requirements accurately. In some cases, designers and contractors may not recognize their demands exactly, and deliver final products that are different from the clients' intentions. 3D modeling visualizing final products in previous has been regarded as a solution to enhance understanding and communication. However, this approach has the limitation that the final results are presented as a virtual outputs. In the remodeling project, an alternative, mixed-reality, is likely to reinforce the reality as it enables to present remain structure and the parts to be built together. This paper examines the mixed reality as a solution to support decision making of clients and practitioners in remodeling projects. The examinations is conducted in high-rise office remodeling projects by means of action-research. Clients and practitioners, overview product models presented in the format of 2D drawings, BIM and mixed reality asked to evaluate the effectiveness of each methods in 12 standards. The results have shown that mixed reality has improved the sense of reality, making it easier to predict results, but recognizing patterns is difficult in some areas such as the floor, and it caused dizziness.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2010

In the architectural design technologies being changed recently, there is the study to develop the way that will enable the designers to get access logically to the processes of deciding the values of design factors which depend on the experience of the designers. This study, which is one part of those studies, has been carried out to develop the model that can decide the values logically for the design factors having the character that the design values are changed by the time variation out of design factors involved in the building energy saving design. As a result, the structure of the decision model which can decide the design values logically from the computer simulation that solve the problem by interpreting the real world as the probability distribution, has been established through this study. For the application and verification of these decision model, the case study has been carried out for the outdoor climate factors that stand for the design factors having the time variation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.165-172
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• 2005

Cubism is a style that led the way to proclaim a new era of 20th century's art and contemporarily had an influence on several trends of thoughts. Geographically it formed Czech Cubism exerting an effect upon thoughts and plastic art of the progressive art group which showed activity around Prague, Czech in 1911, later for 10 years, it was developed as an unique form of which origin cannot be traced inside and outside Europe and expressed its own plastic art world in craft, furniture, painting, architecture, etc. The object of this study is to pull out the expressive characteristics showed especially in furniture design among Czech Cubism around interrelationship with painting, craft and architecture. The scope of study is to bring out the characteristics about the examples which 7 designers such as Josef Gocar, Pavel Janak, etc., who were representative designers of furniture design of Czech Cubism for 15 years from 1910 to 1925. The method of study is to investigate the origin of Czech Cubism by means of primitive elements of Africa, traces of Islamic architectures, and Czech traditional architectural motive, and the development process of Czech Cubism was arranged around the artist and exhibitions which led this current. After being synthesized the characteristics showed in painting, craft, architecture of Czech Cubism on the basis of the result of this study, the expressive characteristics of furniture design of Czech Cubism were brought out. As a result, the expressive characteristics of furniture design of Czech cubism are indicated in a large way as follow; 1) symbolic characteristic based on primitive plastic art, 2) dynamic characteristic by dividing form, 3) ethnic decorative characteristic combined with national motive. The significance of furniture design of Czech Cubism is not only to accept positively and digest the progressive trend of modern art, that is to say, Paris Cubism but also to succeed in recreate it in its own national style, to play a role to offer another motive to post modern design development at the end of 20th century and by means of these examples to provide the necessity and the base of more profound study in the future.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2007

The Korean traditional 'Ondol' system has been a target for innovation to meet the requirements of sustainable domestic building and low carbon emission energy utilization. Simulation techniques provide designers and researchers with powerful tools to predict heating load and thermal behaviour of Ondol systems installed in various contexts. However, there are few studies on Ondol models, especially associated with multi-stories buildings of which type covers about 50% of Korean housing stock. In this study, we analyzed the double floor Ondol system on the multi-stories buildings using the ESP-r program. On the basis of the double floor Ondol system, we suggested the new modelling method that is composed of the Vent zone and Ondol zone. Using the this model, sensitivity analysis was carried out to refine the applicability of the model taking account of control conditions, constructions, air change and air flow network method and CFD analysis using the FLUENT. The air layer has enough temperature to use in heating zone. It is suggested that the simplicity of the model will allow building designers and mechanical engineers easily to implement scenario-based assessments of design options as well as control strategies. Later, we will simulate the real buildings and analyze the air distributions using the Fluent according to the various conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2019

Recognizing that the fundamental cause of construction safety accidents was a lack of safety management activities in the planning and design phases, the government made the Design for Safety (DFS) system mandatory in May 2016. However, awareness among ordering parties and designers regarding this system is significantly low, and the system has not been properly established due to reasons such as the need for additional work and a lack of professional manpower. In this study, the awareness of ordering parties and designers of the DFS system was analyzed through a survey, various problems in DFS work execution were identified and measures for improvement were presented. Measures to improve the efficiency in DFS work execution involve the discovery of risk factors and establishment of countermeasures, and here the establishment of a DFS work support system that enables the sharing of information between institutions is the most urgent priority. In addition, it is also urgently necessary to establish a dedicated organization in charge of DFS work, cultivate professional manpower, develop the relevant education programs and establish a proper cost calculation standard for DFS work execution by design offices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to discover who designed the common type and the individual type Goon office buildings in the Japanese colonial period, and to determine how the individual type's space-compositions were compared with the common types. The study used the literature research method. The method used an analysis of the digital images of the Goon office buildings kept in the national archive of Korea, the annotation of the images, the official documents between the Japanese government-general of Korea and To, the employee's registers of the Japanese government-general of Korea, and newspapers or journals from the Japanese colonial period. The designers of the common types were the engineers of the building-construction part in the Japanese government-general of Korea and also those in To. The space-composition of the individual types was similar to and also different from the common types at the same time, and the difference was attributed to the designers' ability and their preferences.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.719-725
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• 2010

The analysis and experimental program of reinforced concrete (RC) structures for resistance against such extreme loads as earthquake, blast, and impact have been carried by many researchers and designers. Under the extreme loads, a large amount of energy is suddenly exerted to the structure, hence if the structure fails to absorb the impact energy, catastrophic collapse may occur. To prevent catastrophic collapse of structures, reinforced concrete must have adeguate toughness or it needs to be strengthened. The FRP strengthening method and SFRC are studied widely in resistance of impact load because of their high energy absorption capacity. In this study, drop weight impact tests were implemented to evaluate the impact resistance of SFRC and FRP strengthened RC beam while the total steel fiber volume fractions was fixed at 0.75% carbon FRP flexural strengthened RC beams. Futhermore, to prevent the shear-plug cracks when the impact load strikes the beams, additional FRP shear strengthening method are applied. The experimental, results showed that the FRP strengthened RC SFRC beams has high resistance of shear-plug cracks and crack width and SFRC has high resistance of concrete spalling failure compared to normal RC beams. The FRP flexural and shear strengthening RC beams has weakness in the spalling failure because the impact load concentrated the concrete face which is not strengthened with FRP sheets.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.78-88
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• 2016

Recently BIM technology has been expanded for using in construction project. However its spread has been delayed than the initial expectations, due to the high-cost of BIM infrastructure development, the lack of regulations, the lack of process and so forth. In design phase, especially, collaboration based on BIM system has being a key factor for successful next generation building project. Through the analysis of current research trend about IT technologies, virtualization and BIM service, data exchange such as drawing, 3D model, object data, properties using cloud computing and virtual server system is defined as a most successful solution. In various industrial fields, cloud computing technology is utilized as a promising solution which can reduce time and cost of hardware infrastructure. Among the cloud computing technology, VDI is receiving a great deal of attention from it market as an essential part cloud computing. VDI enables to host multiple individual virtual machines by using hypervisor. It has an advantage to easy main device management. Therefore, this study implements a step-by-step user's DaaS by analyzing the desktop resource data of the workers from Pre-design phase to Schematic design, Design develop and Construction design phase. It also develops BIM environment based on test of BIM modeler and designers in architectural design firm. The goal of the study is to enable the cloud computing BIM server. It provides cost saving, high-performance quality of working environment and cooperation's convenience and high security when doing BIM work in small and medium sized architectural design firm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.795-814
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• 2021

With the development of science and technology in recent years, various types of unstructured buildings have begun to be implemented by combining traditional architectural styles with digital tools, which are significantly different from conventional formal buildings. Designers will use various methods or digital tools to complete the unstructured and freer architectural forms when building an unstructured building. Based on this background, the need for research on the criteria for evaluating the characteristics of unstructured architectural forms is raised. First, the text was reconstructed by considering and integrating the elements of the unstructured exterior form based on prior research, with the external form of the unstructured building as the main research object. Second, the purpose of this study was to classify various types of unstructured forms and to provide important basic data for designing digital processes of unstructured architectural forms.Third, from 2000 to 2020, the text focused on the study of unstructured buildings and conducted in-depth analysis of the characteristics of their form expressions. While providing a case basis for the study of related fields, distribution laws and presence values related to the characteristics of unstructured buildings were sought. In addition, the analysis was conducted in combination with the distribution of functional use of buildings, and this study is differentiated from the existing research in that the atypical form is applied to the buildings by use, and the application trend of this type is understood to enhance understanding of the atypical form of buildings.