• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

In this paper, the instability of the domed spatial truss structure using wood and the characteristics of the buckling critical load were studied. Hexagonal space truss was adopted as the model to be analyzed, and two boundary conditions were considered. In the first case, the deformation of the inclined member is only considered, and in the second case, the deformation of the horizontal member is also considered. The materials of the model adopted in this paper are steel and timbers, and the considered timbers are spruce, pine, and larch. Here, the inelastic properties of the material are not considered. The instability of the target structure was observed through non-linear incremental analysis, and the buckling critical load was calculated through the singularities and eigenvalues of the tangential stiffness matrix at each incremental step. From the analysis results, in the example of the boundary condition considering only the inclined member, the critical buckling load was lower when using timber than when using steel, and the critical buckling load was determined according to the modulus of elasticity of timber. In the case of boundary conditions considering the effect of the horizontal member, using a mixture of steel and timber case had a lower buckling critical load than the steel case. But, the result showed that it was more effective in structural stability than only timber was used.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.87-92
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• 2022

Today the system of higher education needs significant reforms. Intellectualization of the educational process in HEIs aims to improve the quality of educational services. Intellectual information technologies are information technologies that help a person to accelerate the analysis of the political, economic, social, and technical situation, as well as the synthesis of management decisions. The basis for their mastery is information and communication technologies. The purpose of the research work is to identify the relationship between the introduction of information and communication technologies and the increase in the level of intellectualization of higher education. The article substantiates the expediency of introducing information and communication technologies in order to improve the intellectualization of the educational process in higher education. An empirical study of the variables that characterize the level of intellectualization of higher education through the proposed techniques has been conducted. The tendencies characteristic of pedagogical conditions of implementation of information and communication model in the educational process were revealed. It is proved that the level of intellectualization of higher education depends on the implemented pedagogical conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed information and communication model is also confirmed. Given the data obtained during the study and the low constraints that may affect the results of further research on this issue should focus on the study of other variables that characterize the state of intellectualization of the educational process.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.321-343
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• 2022

Museum buildings display artefacts for public education and enjoyment, ensuring their long-term safety and the comfort of visitors by following strict indoor environment control protocols using mechanical Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems to keep the (environmental) variables at a fixed comfort level. Maintaining this requires constant supply of energy currently mostly sourced from the combustion of fossil fuels which exacerbates climate change. However, a review on the effects of the indoor environmental variables on museum artefacts as well as museum visitors revealed that there is no specific point at which artefact deterioration occurs, and that there are wide ranges of conditions that guarantee the long-term safety of artefacts and human comfort. Visits to museum buildings in hot-humid tropical climate of Nigeria revealed that strict indoor environmental practices were adopted. Even when appropriate micro-climatic conditions are provided for artefacts, mechanical HVAC systems remain necessary for visitor comfort because almost no consideration is given to natural ventilation. With the current global push towards energy management, this paper reviewed passive environmental control practices, architectural design strategies, and discusses the adaptation of double skin façade with jali screens, and the notion of smart materials, which can satisfy the range of requirements for the long-term safety of artefacts and levels of human comfort in buildings in hot-humid tropical climate, without mechanical HVAC systems. This review would inspire more discussions on passive, energy efficient, smart and climate responsible popular architecture, challenging current thinking on the impact of the more accepted representative architecture.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.138-145
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• 2017

As that experienced in other developing countries, Mongolia has already faced multilateral side issues for two decades due to economic growth that created Ger areas or internationally 'Slum', public housing and living conditions for low-income citizens, on the basis of rapid migration from rural areas to urban. Ger areas appear to be the main cause of environmental pollution problems and impending comfortable living conditions of the city's residents by covering more than half area of Ulaanbaatar city. Also, the spread of the Ger areas has many side issues such as prevention of urban development and unaesthetic. Most inhabitants of the areas are on low-incomes, and living in the detached houses or felt yurts (Ger) usually build within a low budget, by themselves or unprofessional people, and by using materials of poor quality. Therefore, Ger areas are an inevitable issue that requires effective, proper and immediate housing policy coordination under the government and even the housing market. Unfortunately housing policies, laws, and projects adopted by Mongolian government have shown inefficient results. The government housing policies, unlike other developing countries did not target low-income households' housing which is the priority issue for two decades. But only in 2014, the Long-term housing policy with the strategy for affordable housing initiated the housing policy for low-income households. This policy has five main broad directions such as redevelopment of Ger area, the land readjustment, public rental housing, new settlements and new city and reconstruction for old apartments, which are rather general and would require tremendous financial resources if each of the directions is implemented simultaneously without prioritization. Therefore this research aims to suggest the efficient and adequate housing policy direction for the low-income households in Ger area based on achievement of other developing countries' strategies, performances and generic characteristic with explanatory models. Also, this research adopts a literature analysis method that uses various research reports, related papers in domestic and international journals, and theses by experts, researchers, public institutions, and agencies.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.621-630
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• 2024

This study presents novel electromagnetic wave-based methods for evaluating the integrity of cement-based structures using time domain reflectometry (TDR). Two cement-based plates with embedded rebars are prepared under sound and defective conditions. TDR tests are carried out using transmission lines with various numbers of artificial joints, and electromagnetic waves are measured to assess the integrity of the plates. The experimental results show that the travel time of electromagnetic waves is consistently longer in sound plates than in defective ones, and an increase in the reflection coefficients is observed in the defect zone of the defective plates. Electromagnetic wave velocities are higher in the defective plates, especially when connectors are present in the transmission line. A novel approach based on the area of the reflection coefficient provides larger areas in the defective plates, and the attenuation effect of the electromagnetic waves induces a difference in the areas of the reflection coefficient between the two defect conditions. An alternative method using the centroid of the defect zone slightly overestimates the location of the defect zone. The length of the defect zone is estimated using the defect ratio and wave velocities of cement, air, and plate. The length of the defect zone can also be calculated using the travel times within the plate, total measured length of the plate, and wave velocities in the cement and air. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave-based methods proposed in this study may be useful for estimating the location and length of defect zones by considering attenuation effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 2013

Damaged structures change the value of natural properties. The purpose of this study is to detect damage using the difference of natural properties between the healthy state and the damaged state. Anti-optimization method is used to find the conditions that maximize the difference in characteristics between the two contrasting models. In this paper, a algorithm for finding the loading conditions which can maximize the difference of strain energy between the healthy state and the damaged state of truss structures is developed. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is accurate and efficient for truss structures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.99-112
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• 2006

In contemporary design conditions, the focus of landscape architecture has shifted from 'form' to 'process.' Various experimental diagrams have been proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional form-oriented landscape design. This study aims to reconsider theoretically and critically the modes and mechanism of diagrams in recent landscape architectural design. It also explores the operational capabilities of diagram in design process. Although the traditional diagram has served as explanatory and representational graphics in design, contemporary designers emphasize the generative function of diagram on the basis of Gilles Deleuze's theory of 'diagram as abstract machine.' They manifest and practise that diagrams call generate forms and proliferate spaces in their design development. This paper examines current examples of generative and constructive diagrams produced by leading designers. However, the author illuminates another significance of diagram: the diagram as strategic media of design. Contemporary environments and conditions of design, such as the complexity of city and the interactivity of new economy, call for new design intelligence and strategic design. These situations require alternative media in design process. In this context, the diagram can function as strategic media of dynamic and flexible design. This is why contemporary landscape theory and practice have to give attention to diagrams.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

This study presents early crack detection of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) under varying temperature and humidity conditions using an instantaneous electrical impedance acquisition system. SFRC has the self-sensing capability of electrical impedance without sensor installation thanks to the conductivity of embedded steel fibers, making it possible to effectively monitor cracks initiated in SFRC. However, the electrical impedance is often sensitively changed by environmental effects such as temperature and humidity variations. Thus, the extraction of only crack-induced feature from the measured impedance responses is a crucial issue for the purpose of structural health monitoring. In this study, the instantaneous electrical impedance acquisition system incorporated with SFRC is developed. Then, temperature, humidity and crack initiation effects on the impedance responses are experimentally investigated. Based on the impedance signal pattern observation, it is turned out that the temperature effect is more predominant than the crack initiation and humidity effects. Various crack steps are generated through bending tests, and the corresponding impedance damage indices are extracted by compensating the dominant temperature effect. The test results reveal that propagated cracks as well as early cracks are successfully detected under temperature and humidity variations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to minimize physical obstacles, to propose how we can improve them, and to get the basic information to establish the welfare policy for handicapped students in the university dormitory by studying and analyzing actual conditions of existing facilities and its improving transition which provide most important living accommodation to university students. To carry out this study, they have been surveyed 10 Universities in Korea as a case study which 1 university in Seoul & Kyunggi province, 2 universities in Chungchung province, 5 universities in Jeolla province and 2 universities in Kyungsang province. And they have been studied in relation to the law, theory of the architectural planning & design, and general consideration about handicapped people. As a result the checklist about the facilities was made. The term of survey was in August 2001 and in September 2004. It is concluded that most of universities which have been surveyed were equipped with good facilities for general students without regards for handicapped people at that time. As you can see the result of this research, the facilities of boarding house for handicapped people are very scanty in many universities. So they must be required facilities for handicapped people in the stage of architectural programming, the process of designing the dormitory facility.

• Architectural research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Over the past decade, building information modeling (BIM) has gained a foothold in the construction sector. However, as digital data generated in the virtual space of a computer environment, BIM-based data have an inherent limitation in their application efficacy under field conditions. To overcome this, the present study employs augmented reality (AR) to reduce the discrepancy between the digital data generated in virtual spaces and real-world conditions. We assessed the potential applicability of an AR-based interface by analyzing existing examples of Apple, Google, and Facebook, which reflect the recent developments of technologies focusing on user experience. We then proceeded with an AR study, restricting the scope of application to a mobile environment in which an efficient information transmission between a digital model and real life can take place. Object-oriented software engineering was employed to ensure an efficient implementation of a BIM-based AR system for campus space management (CSM) in a mobile environment. Finally, we conducted a module test to check the reliability of the CSM method by using an AR-based mobile system with a prototype of the model used in university campuses, and extracted and itemized the supplementary requirements for CSM by using BIM tools for running AR applications.