• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1998

Kind 1 propeller shaft in ships is the shaft which is provided with effective measures against corrosion by sea water, or the shaft which is made of approved corrosion resistance materials. The propeller shaft other than specified above is Kind 2. Thus, this study is mainly concerned with the resistance to fatigue damage in sea water against stress concentrations due to the notches. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; (1) The stress increases with curing time, however, when the curing time reaches at 96 hours the stress becomes a constant value. The elongation decreases with curing time, however, when the curing time reaches at 48 hours the elongation becomes a constant value. Thus, in case of FRP coating on propeller shaft, it is necessary to cure for 48 hours at least. (2) The relation of $\sigma$$_n$-K$_t$ is to be classified into two parts, which is a part where fracture nominal stress, $\sigma$$_n$, decreases with increasing $K_t$, and a part where $\sigma$$_n$ is nearly constant independent of $K_t$. (3) According to a linear notch mechanics, the measure of severity controlling the fracture in notched FRP body is the notch root radius, $\rho$. The notched static strength of an arbitrary specimen will be estimated from $\sigma$$_{max}$ -1/$\rho$ curve. (4) Through the observation of cross section after fatigue test, the part of interface was kept good condition irrespective of loading conditions.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2006

본 연구는 포장재의 높은 온도로 인해 발생하는 교량의 구조거동을 해석대상모델로 선택하여 열효과로 인한 변형이론를 정리하고 시공단계별 포장에 따른 교좌장치의 열 효과를 고려한 근사법의 제시를 연구목적으로 한다. 일반적으로 열영향은 대상 구조물의 형상, 크기 및 경계조건과 시간에 종속되는 대표적인 초기응력문제이다. 본 연구는 열영향을 시간에 독립된 초기응력문제로 가정하고 이를 등가의 초기하중으로 변환하여 이동하중처럼 재하함으로서 교좌장치에 발생하는 반력 및 변위에 대한 영향선 해석을 수행하였다. 임의로 선정한 연속된 포장구간에 대해 계산된 영향선을 이용하여 교좌장치들에 발생하는 열영향을 최소화하는 최적의 시공단계를 결정하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.2284-2291
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 회전관성과 전단변형이 고려된 8절점 쉘 요소를 이용한 판의 진동해석을 연구하였다. 면내 잠김과 전단 잠김 현상을 극복하기 위하여 가정자연변형률 방법을 이용하였다. 8절점 쉘 요소의 성능 향상을 위해 새로운 보간점의 조합을 이용한 가정변형률 방법을 사용하였다. Reissner-Mindlin 이론에 근거한 개선된 1차 전단변형이론을 적용하여 회전관성을 고려하였으며 전단보정계수를 사용하지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과를 검증하기 위해 참고문헌의 직사각형 판의 동적 해석결과를 제시하였다. 해석결과는 참고문헌의 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 또한 감쇄효과가 고려된 판의 진동해석을 수행하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.325-354
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• 2004

Slabs in buildings and bridge decks, which are restrained against lateral displacements at the edges, have ultimate strengths far in excess of those predicted by analytical methods based on yield line theory. The increase in strength has been attributed to membrane action, which is due to the in-plane forces developed at the supports. The benefits of compressive membrane action are usually not taken into account in currently available design methods developed based on plastic flow theories assuming concrete to be a rigid-plastic material. By extending the existing knowledge of compressive membrane action, it is possible to design slabs in building and bridge structures economically with less than normal reinforcement. Recent research on building and bridge structures reflects the importance of membrane action in design. This paper describes the finite element modelling of membrane action in reinforced concrete slabs through optimisation of a simple concrete model. Through a series of parametric studies using the simple concrete model in the finite element simulation of eight fully clamped concrete slabs with significant membrane action, a set of fixed numerical model parameter values is identified and computational conditions established, which would guarantee reliable strength prediction of arbitrary slabs. The reliability of the identified values to simulate membrane action (for prediction purposes) is further verified by the direct simulation of 42 other slabs, which gave an average value of 0.9698 for the ratio of experimental to predicted strengths and a standard deviation of 0.117. A 'deflection factor' is also established for the slabs, relating the predicted peak deflection to experimental values, which, (for the same level of fixity at the supports), can be used for accurate displacement determination. The proposed optimised concrete model and finite element procedure can be used as a tool to simulate membrane action in slabs in building and bridge structures having variable support and loading conditions including fire. Other practical applications of the developed finite element procedure and design process are also discussed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1988

RC 부재(部材)에 대한 정밀도 높은 하중이력곡선(荷重履歷曲線)의 제안은 합리적인 설계법(設計法)의 수립이라는 관점으로 볼 때 매우 중요하다. 순수비틀림을 받는 RC 부재(部材)의 비틀림모멘트와 비틀림각(角) 관계곡선을 최근 제안한 사람은 Collins, Hsu 등이다. 그러나 그의 비틀림 내력평가(耐力評價) 결과는 극한상태를 제외하고는 모든 하중영역(荷重領域)에 있어서 상당히 과소평가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구성방정식(構成方程式)에 콘크리트의 인장강성(引張剛性) 및 수정된 콘크리트 softening 계수(係數)를 도입하여 임의의 하중단계에서도 비틀림내력(耐力)의 정밀도를 높이는데 그 목적(目的)을 두었다. 특히 이론해석(理論解析)의 타당성을 검토하고자 14체(體)의 RC 부재(部材)를 제작하여 재하실험(載荷實驗)을 실시하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.557-578
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• 1997

이 연구의 목적은 매우 큰 지진하에 휨 모멘트에 의해서만 항복하는 부재와 휨 모멘트와 축 방향력에 의하여 항복하는 부재를 모델 할 수 있는 보-기둥 요소를 개발하는데 있다. 이 요소는 직렬 힌지 모델 (one-component series hinge model)로 간주 될 수 있으며, 축 방향 강성도 변화와 축 방향 소성 변형을 고려 할 수 있고 또한 단조, 주기, 임의 하중 등을 적절히 모델 할 수 있는 경화 법칙 (hardening rules)을 고려한다. 일반적으로 이 요소는 실험 결과 및 화이버 모델 (fiber model)에 비교하여 볼 때 기존의 이직선 힌지 모델 (bilinear hinge model)보다 우수한 거동을 보였고 모멘트 저항 뼈대 구조물의 강 부재의 보-기둥 거동을 적절하게 모델 할 수 있었다. 개발된 보-기둥 요소는 지진 하중하에서 구조물의 전체적인 거동과 설계에 필요한 국부 변형량을 기존의 이직선 힌지 모델 보다 매우 정확하게 예측 할 수 있다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 사각형 모듈의 인발성형된 복합재료 바닥판의 휨 거동에 대한 해석 모델을 개발하였다. FRP 바닥판의 해석 모델은 FSDT 평판 이론을 기반으로 임의 적층각을 지닌 FRP 바닥판의 처짐을 예측할 수 있었다. 수치적 예제에서는 네 변이 단순 지지된 등분포 하중을 받는 사각형 모듈의 FRP 바닥판을 2차원 평판 유한 요소해석을 적용하여 수행하였고, 해석 결과에 대해서는 바닥판 길이-높이의 비와 화이버 각도의 변화에 따른 효과에 대해 역점을 두고 다루었다. 연구 결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 해석 모델이 FRP 바닥판의 휨 거동을 해석하고 예측하는데 효과적이고 정확하다는 것이 입증되었다. 또한, FRP 바닥판의 높이가 높아질수록 plate 해석 이론에 있어서 일차전단변형이론(First order Shear Deformable laminated plate Theory : FSDT)이 아닌 고차전단변형(Higher order Shear Deformable plate Theory : HSDT)의 필요성에 대해 언급하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2017

This paper presents the dynamic stability study of laminated composite plates with different force combinations and aspect ratios. Optimum non-diverging stacking is obtained for certain loading combination and aspect ratio. In addition, the stability force is maximized for a definite operating frequency. A dynamic version of the principle of virtual work for laminated composites is used to obtain force-frequency relation. Since dynamic stiffness governs the divergence or flutter, an efficient optimization method is necessary for the response functional and the relevant constraints. In this way, a model based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed to search for the proper stacking. The ACO algorithm is used since it treats with large number of dynamic stability parameters. Governing equations are formulated using classic laminate theory (CLT) and von-Karman plate technique. Load-frequency relations are explicitly obtained for fundamental and secondary flutter modes of simply supported composite plate with arbitrary aspect ratio, stacking and boundary load, which are used in optimization process. Obtained results are compared with the finite element method results for validity and accuracy convince. Results revealed that the optimum stacking with stable dynamic response and maximum critical load is in angle-ply mode with almost near-unidirectional fiber orientations for fundamental flutter mode. In addition, short plates behave better than long plates in combined axial-shear load case regarding stable oscillation. The interaction of uniaxial and shear forces intensifies the instability in long plates than short ones which needs low-angle layup orientations to provide required dynamic stiffness. However, a combination of angle-ply and cross-ply stacking with a near-square aspect ratio is appropriate for the composite plate regarding secondary flutter mode.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.529-542
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• 2020

As limited well-documented experimental data are available for assessing the attributes of different deformation components of flanged walls, few appropriate models have been established for predicting the inelastic responses of flanged walls, especially those of asymmetrical flanged walls. This study presents the experimental results for three large-scale T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and examines the variations in the flexural, shear, and sliding components of deformation with the total deformation over the entire loading process. Based on the observed deformation behavior, a simple model based on moment-curvature analysis is established to estimate flexural deformations, in which the changes in plastic hinge length are considered and the deformations due to strain penetration are modeled individually. Based on the similar gross shapes of the curvature and shear strain distributions over the wall height, a proportional relationship is established between shear displacement and flexural rotation. By integrating the deformations due to flexure, shear, and strain penetration, a new load-deformation analytical model is proposed for flexure-dominant flanged walls. The proposed model provides engineers with a simple, accurate modeling tool appropriate for routine design work that can be applied to flexural walls with arbitrary sections and is capable of determining displacements at any position over the wall height. By further simplifying the analytical model, a simple procedure for estimating the ultimate displacement capacity of flanged walls is proposed, which will be valuable for performance-based seismic designs and seismic capacity evaluations.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1976

Some method of analysis of rectangular plates under distributed load of various intensity with all edges built in are presented in. Analysis of many structures such as bottom, side shell, and deck plate of ship hull, and flat slab, deck systems of bridges is a problem of plate with continuous supports or clamped edges. When the four edges of rectangular plate is simply supported, the double fourier series solution developed by Navier can represent an exact result of this problem. If two opposite edges are simply supported, Levy's method is available to give an "exact" solution. When the loading condition and boundary condition of a plate does not fall into these cases, no simple analytic method seems to be feasible. Analysis of a plate under distributed loads of various intensity with all edges built in is carried out by applying Navier solution and Levy's method as well as "Principle of Superposition" In discussing this problem we start with the solution of the problem for a simply supported rectangular plate and superpose on the deflection of such a plate the deflections of the plate by slopes distributed along the all edges. These slopes we adjust in such a manner as to satisfy the condition of no rotation at the boundary of the clamped plate. This method can be applied for the cases of plates under irregularly distributed loads of various intensity with two opposite edges simply supported and the other two edges clamped and all edges simply supported and this method can also be used to solve the influence values of deflection, moment and etc. at arbitrary position of plates under the live load.