• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to find out the time when the Araliae Continentalis Radix and Osterici Radix were classified into different divisions as the period were not known to oriental medical science in Korea. It could be said that the Araliae Continentalis Radix and Osterici Radix had been recognized the different shapes since Sui-Tang eras and they had been differently used in their shapes and effects as separated medical plants since Song-Yuan eras. This thesis also presented the effects and shapes of Araliae Continentalis Radix and Osterici Radix as well as showed prescriptions and the uses of them in each dynasty of China.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

Objectives : Araliae Continentalis Radix and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix have been used as the same medicinal name Korean and Chinese traditional medicines, respectively. The authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix is described only the root of Aralia continentalis in the Korean Pharmarcopoeia. However, the dried root of Angelica biserrata, Levisticum officinale, or Heracleum moellendorffii also has been distributed adulterants of Araliae Continentalis Radix. To develop a reliable method for identifying Araliae Continentalis Radix from adulterants, we carried out the analyses of universal DNA barcode sequences.Methods : Four plants species were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of matK and rbcL were analyzed. The species-specific sequences and phylogenetic relationship were estimated using entire sequences of two DNA barcodes, respectively.Results : In comparative analysis of matK sequences, we were identified 104 positions of marker nucleotide for Ar. continentalis, 3 for An. biserrata, 4 for L. officinale and 8 for H. moellendorffii enough to distinguish individual species, respectively. Furthermore, we obtained marker nucleotides in rbcL at 42 positions for Ar. continentalis, 5 for An. biserrata and 2 for H. moellendorffii, but not for L. officinale. The phylogenetic tree of matK and rbcL were showed that all samples were clustered into four groups constituting homogeneous clades within the species.Conclusions : We confirmed that species-specific marker nucleotides of matK sequence provides distinct genetic information enough to identify four species. Therefore, we suggest that matK gene is useful DNA barcode for discriminating authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix from inauthentic adulterants.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2018

Objectives : Araliae Continentalis Radix(AC) is a medicinal herb belonging to the drug efficacy group treating musculoskeletal disorders(MSD) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic action. However, due to morphologic and onomastic similarity, adulterants(Angelicae Pubescentis Radix: AP, Gypsophilae Oldhamianae Radix: GO, Levistici Officinalis Radix: LO) have been included or replaced the standard. Methods : Multilateral methods were carried out on the identification of AC and its adulterants. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were observed by using stereoscope and microscope. For the comparison of chromatogram pattern, standard compounds were analyzed simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : 1. The macroscopic identification of original plants was determined by the phyllotaxis type, the inflorescence type, the leaf margin and the color of flowers. The macroscopic identification of herbal materials was examined by oil spots, the cambium, heteromorphic vascular bundles, and the pholem. 2. For the microscopic identification, the fact whether its xylem ray is proliferated or not was first determined. Then medicinal herbs were secondly divided by cellular inclusions, fiber bundles, the distribution of secretary canals and the shape of cambium. 3. AC and its adulterants showed different chromatographic fingerprints. AC was containing continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid. AP was containing osthole and columbianadin. LO was containing osthole and falcarindiol. None of the compounds were found in GO. Conclusions : This recent identification keys of might be helpful to discriminate the pharmacopoeia standard and its adulterants for the right usage in clinics.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.222.2-222.2
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• 2003

The Araliae continental is Radix is the root of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa, which belongs to the Araliaceae and is distributed in Korea, Japan, Manchuria, China and Sahalane. It is generally used as a folk medicine for its excellent medical action and efficacy in various symptoms such as headache, edema, inflammation, rheumatism and neuralgia. (-)-Pimara-8(14)-15-dien-19-oic acid (1) and l-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid have been reported as the major constituent of A. continental is Radix. Essential oils such as limonene, sabinene, myrcene, humulene and sesamin, ${\beta}$-sitosterol are also reported as constituent elements. (omitted)

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2016

본 실험에서는 유산균발효 독활의 마우스 단회 경구 투여 독성 자료를 얻기 위해 식품의약품안전청 고시 제 2013-121 “의약품 등의 독성시험 기준”에 의거하여, 설치류 투여 한계 용량인 2,000 mg/kg을 최고 투여군을 설정하고 공비 2로 1,000 및 500 mg/kg 투여군을 중간 및 저용량 투여군으로 설정하여 실험을 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 독활 열수 추출물 2,000 mg/kg 암수 투여군 및 암수 매체 대조군과 비교 평가 하였다. 본 실험의 결과, 설치류 투여한계 용량인 2,000 mg/kg 투여군까지, 유산균발효 독활 열수 추출물 투여와 관련된 사망례, 임상증상, 체중, 장기중량, 육안부검 및 조직병리학적 소견이 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 유산균발효 독활 열수 추출물의 마우스에 대한 단회 경구 투여 반수 치사량 및 개략적 치사량은 암수 각각 2,000 mg/kg이상으로 산출되었으며, 특정 임상증상 및 표적 장기 역시 없는 것으로 판단되어, 유산균발효 독활은 매우 안전한 물질로 판단된다. 또한 독활 열수 추출물 2,000 mg/kg 투여와 관련된 사망례, 임상 증상, 체중, 장기중량, 육안 및 조직병리학적 변화 역시 인정되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 독활의 활용도를 증대시키는 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2007

The object of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lyophilized water extract of Radix Araliae Cordatae (RA) in male and female mice. The extract was administered to female and male ICR mice as an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy, organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. As results, we could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings except for increases of hypertrophy of lymph nodes in male RA extracts-dosing group. In addition, no RA extracts-treatment related abnormal changes in the organ weight and histopathology of principle organs except for some sporadic accidental findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that the RA extracts does not cause any toxicological signs. The LD$_{50}$ and approximate LD of RA extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2016

본 연구는 독활의 기능을 부가시키고자 발효과정을 통해 융합-발효 추물물을 얻어 항염증효과를 확인 하고자 한다. 독활을 이용하는데 한계가 있어 유산균주들을 활용한 발효과정을 통해 이용 가능한 균주를 선별하고, 독활의 열수 추출물과 비교하여 총 폴리페놀, 아미노산 총량, 주요 생리활성 미네랄 성분 분석 결과 발효과정을 통해 증가함을 확인하였다. 독활의 발효추출물의 항염증 효과를 확인하고자 관절염 염증반응과 관련된 사이토카인들을 측정하였고, 관절염시 주로 동반되는 연골조직 파괴를 억제 효능을 평가하기 위해 MMP-9 활성도를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 유산균을 이용한 발효과정을 통해 독활의 주요 생리활성이 증가하고 염증반응 억제 효과도 증가하는 것으로 보여진다. 이 연구는 독활의 관절염 예방적 효과를 연구하는데 있어 기초 연구가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-121
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• 2020

Objectives : Since neuropathic pain shows a variety of symptoms via various mechanisms, there are many difficulties in treatment and various treatments have been tried. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Araliae Continentalis Radix pharmacopuncture (ACR) on neuropathic pain. Methods : After dividing the white rats into six groups, the sciatic nerves of five groups except the normal group were excised to induce neuropathic pain. Except normal and control group, the other four groups were given: saline (Saline group), ACR 1.100 mg/kg (ACR 1 group), ACR 2.743 mg/kg (ACR 2 group), and ACR 5.486 mg/kg (ACR 3 group) at GB30, twice a week for a total of six times in three weeks. Withdrawal response react time and force intensity, c-Fos, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed to investigate the efficacy of ACR in each group. Body weight, WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT, AST, ALT, BUN, and Cr changes were observed to check the safety of ACR. Results : Both withdrawal response react time & force intensity were significantly increased in the ACR2 and ACR3 groups at 3 weeks. C-Fos tended to decrease in all ACR groups and significantly decreased in ACR3 group. In blood serum, TNF-α showed a tendency to decrease in all ACR groups and a significant decrease in ACR3 group. But IL-6 and IFN-γ did not change significantly in all experimental groups. In the spinal cord, IFN-γ was significantly decreased in the ACR3 group. But TNF-α and IL-6 were not significantly changed in all experimental groups. Body weight was not changed significantly in all experimental groups. RBC increased significantly in ACR2 group, HGB increased in ACR3 group, and PLT increased significantly in all experimental groups. ALT significantly decreased in ACR1 group, and there were no significant changes in AST, BUN, and Cr in all experimental groups. Conclusions : At high concentrations, ACR pharmacopuncture reduced c-Fos, and TNF-α in the blood serum and IFN-γ in the spinal cord thereby suppressed allodynia. More in-depth studies about pharmacopuncture concentration or mechanism are needed.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine in vitiligo by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Three electronic databases including the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were used to search for randomized controlled trials, by using specific key words and criteria up to January 4^th, 2020. Data in regards to years of publication, nation, demographic information, disease characteristics, duration of diseases, treatment methods, treatment period, outcome measures, results and adverse events were collected for this study. Results A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. The total effective rate of the treatment group treated with herbal medicine was significantly higher than that of the control group. In the other outcome measures, the treatment group also showed statistically significant differences in improving the outcome measures compared to the control group, or showed similar treatment effects to the control group. The most commonly used herbal medicines were Carthami Flos (紅花), Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸), Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker f. (白芷), Astragali Radix (黃芪), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (甘草), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (丹參), Persicae Semen (桃仁), Araliae Continentalis Radix (獨活), Tribuli Fructus (白蒺藜), Psoraleae Semen (補骨脂) etc. Hardly any severe adverse events were reported from the trials selected. Conclusions Based on the results of the clinical studies, herbal medicine treatment could be an effective and safe option for vitiligo treatment and symptom improvement.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.11-30
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• 2024

Objectives : Not many studies have been done on the mechanism of the Gangeum or Gangpyoeum method which treats the Soyang Exterior Pattern, nor on which collective or individual roles the Gangeum medicinals play. Therefore in this study, four medicinals categorized as Gangpyoeum which are Jingjie, Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Duhuo, were analyzed in terms of their individual and collective effects. Methods : Content analysis based on the verses in the Donguisusebowon, and medicinal analysis on contents from the Donguibogam, Bencaogangmu, and Benjingshuzheng were carried out followed by a medicinal combination analysis using the InSAm 1.1 program. Results : The four medicinals Jingjie, Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Duhuo had the common effect of normalizing the Wei qi, allowing for unobstructed Qi flow to prevent production of dampness and phlegm, which ultimately lowers Yin[降陰, gangeum] and helps to preserve the Kidney Yin Qi. Jingjie works at the highest position of the upper body; Fangfeng, the most basic medicinal of the Soyangin pattern, works mostly at the upper body although it defends the entire body from wind-dampness. Qianghuo and Duhuo are more or less similar. The difference is that Qianghuo mostly pulls Yang qi upwards while eliminating pathological byproducts, and Duhuo stabilizes the lower body that pulls Wei qi upwards. Conclusions : Analysis on the relationship between Gangpyoeum of the Soyangin pattern and Wei qi, the individual and collective effects of the four Gangpyoeum medicinals were carried out. Further research on other major Soyangin medicinals, along with those of other constitution patterns is anticipated.