• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

Aqueous extract of Morus alba L. blocked the toxic effect of paraquat on E. coli growth. The active components in the extract may be capable of crossing the cell membranes and protect against superoxide toxicity in E. coli, The extract inhibited $FeSO_4/H_2O_2$ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate and protected against t-butyl hydroperoxide caused Ac2F cell damage. Moreover, the extract showed inhibitory effect on phospholipase $A_2$ activity in a dose dependent manner. Antiinflammatory effect of the extract was further investigated using the carrageenin-induced oedema model. A single adminstration of the extract (3g/kg body, p.o.) was more effective than indomethacin. These results suggest that the isolation and identification of the active components would have significant therapeutic application to inflammation associated with oxygen radicals.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

Different parts of the mulberry plant are described to be potential sources of polyphenolics exhibiting strong antioxidant activity. In this study, we prepared various aqueous extracts of mulberry root bark by subjecting to steam at different temperatures and time intervals (45℃, 15 h; 70℃, 15 h; 95℃, 6 h and 95℃, 15 h) followed by extracting at 80℃ for 1 h. The total polyphenolic content ranged from 66.82-101.20 mg gallic acid equivalent (GE)/g of extract whereas the flavonoids were in the range of 13.03-25.23 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g of extract. The extracts also exhibited strong antioxidant activities (0.99-1.66 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g of extract in DDPH assay and 10.65-16.26 mg TE/g of extract in ABTS assay). This study clearly showed an improvement in the antioxidant activity of the water extract of mulberry root bark by the steam treatment, which can be used as a tea or health-promoting materials.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2011

Fermentation and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) improve nutritional and functional properties of foods by increasing the extraction of active compounds, ingestion rates, and body absorption. In this study, we investigated whether applying the EAE process improves the extraction and isolation efficiency of a polysaccharide from fermented Ecklonia cava (FE), which inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the FE using the fungi Candida utilis and two different bacteria, namely Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased protein and carbohydrate contents in comparison with those in non-fermented E. cava (NE). Aqueous extracts of fermented E. cava increased extraction yields and carbohydrate content, compared with the aqueous extract of NE. In addition, treating LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with aqueous extracts resulted in reduced NO production compared to that in LPS-treated cells. Ten EAEs of L. brevis-fermented E. cava (LFE) improved NO inhibitory effects in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and the Viscozyme extract (VLFE) from the resulting extracts showed the highest NO inhibitory effect. We found that the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE led to markedly high inhibition of LPS-induced NO production as compared to that in the <30 kDa fraction. The crude polysaccharide isolated from >30 kDa fraction (VLFEP) consisted of fucose and markedly decreased NO production induced by LPS stimulation. VLFEP could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress macrophage activation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.589-605
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify allelopathic effect of Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp., named Sajabalssuk and Ssajuarissuk, for various receptor plants including clover (Trifolium repens L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst.), and dahurianpatrinia (Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trevir). Receptor plants were treated with the aqueous and essential oil extract of Artemisia plants. In consequence, their allelopathic effects were evaluated by measuring seed germination rates, seedling growth, and dry weights of the receptor plants. The seed germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants were inhibited by all treatments of both aqueous and essential oil extracts of the Artemisia plants, and, in addition, the inhibitory effects were increased according to the higher concentration. Among the donor plants, A. $sp.^*III$ showed most effective allelopathic effect. Comparing the alleopathic effect among the receptor plants, seed germination was most inhibited in lawn grass while inhibitory effect of seedling growth was comparatively higher in dandelion. Although inhibitory effects were comparatively lower, the allelopathic effects of Artemisia plants were identified in clover and alfalfa since the seedling growth of these plants were inhibited more than 70%. Thus, in result, Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp. could be possibly used for weed control since natural products of the plants showed inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of various receptor plants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was purposed to the anti-oxidative effects of Polygonati Multiflori Caulis(henceforth PMC) on oxidized brain and liver cells in rats. Methods : After extraction of PMC with water, the water extract was divided into five fractions : hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and an aqueous fraction. The phenol contents of each fraction were measured. The lipid peroxidation inhibition effect were then investigated. Results : After processing PCM water and PCM fractionations on oxidized brain cells in rats, the SOD (super oxide dismutase) activity and glutathione content were increased, and the NO (nitric oxide) content was decreased. It had much higher SOD activity than liver cells in rats excluded in the n-BuOH and aqueous fractions. In case of oxidized liver cells in rats, the SOD activity and glutathione content increased, while both the NO content and the MDA (malondialdehyde) content decreased. It had much higher glutathione content than brain cells in rats in the every fractions. It had much lower MDA content than brain cells in rats in the Aqueous fractions and brain cells in rats had much lower MDA content than liver cells in rats in the total extract, n-hexane, EtOEt, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Conclusions : PMC has anti-oxidative effect on oxidized liver cells and brain cells in rats, through there are differences in fraction. Additionally, Anti-oxidative effect of brain cells can be relaxed the mental nerve and it is related PMC effect.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1270-1274
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• 2005

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in angiogenesis, which is a process where new blood vessels develop from the endothelium of a pre-existing vasculature. VEGF exerts its activity by binding to its receptor tyrosine kinase, KDR/Flk-1, which is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. A methanol extract and organic solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous) fractions from Rubus coreanus were examined for their inhibitory effects on VEGF binding to the VEGF receptor. The methanol extract from the crude drug were found to significantly inhibit VEGF binding to the VEGF receptor ($IC_{50}$$\thickapprox$27 $\mu$g/mL). Among the fractions examined, the aqueous fraction from the medicinal plant showed potent inhibitory effects against the binding of KDR/Flk-1-Fc to immobilized $VEGF_{165}$ in a dose­dependent manner ($IC_{50}$$\thickapprox$11 $\mu$g/mL). Sanguiin H-6 was isolated as an active principle from the aqueous fraction, and inhibited the binding of KDR/Flk-1-Fc to immobilized $VEGF_{165}$ in a dose­dependent manner ($IC_{50}$$\thickapprox$0.3 $\mu$g/mL). In addition, sanguiin H-6 efficiently blocked the VEGF­induced HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner ($IC_{50}$$\thickapprox$7.4 $\mu$g/mL) but had no effect on the growth of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. This suggests that sanguiin H-6 might be a potential anti-angiogenic agent.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2016

The study is a pioneering effort to determine the mineral, nutritional, and phytochemical composition and phenolic content and to determine the free radical scavenging activity of Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr, a native bamboo species (locally known as "bolo") in the Philippines. Proximate analysis showed that air-dried G. levis leaves contain 15.8% ash, 22.6% crude protein, 1.2% crude fat, 29.3% crude fiber, and 19.7% total sugar. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in both the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts, while phytosterols were only detected in the ethanolic extract. Folin-Ciocalteu assay determined the total phenolic content in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) to be $85.86{\pm}3.71$ and $32.32{\pm}1.01mg\;GAE/100g$ dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The total phenolic content in quercetin equivalents (QE) was $74.44{\pm}3.11$ and $29.43{\pm}0.85mg\;QE/100g$ dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The radical scavenging activity of the different solvent fractions containing varying concentrations of the extract was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethyl acetate and 1-butanol fractions were found to have the highest radical scavenging activity. Mineral analysis via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) of the ash of G. levis leaves showed that Si is the major component, followed by K and Mg. These results point to the potential of G. levis leaves as a source of minerals and bioactive compounds with medicinal value.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.512-516
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• 2008

To search for anit-H5N1 influenza virus agent, the anti-viral activity of methanol and aqueous extracts from thirty medicinal plants were examined in this study. The plant material (30 g) was extracted with methanol (300 mL) for 24 hr at room temperature. Methanol extracts were filtered and evaporated, then freeze-dried. Aqueous extracts were prepared with dried plant material (30 g) and hot distilled water (300 mL). After 3 hr, the aqueous extracts were filtered and evaporated, then lyophilized. Extracts prepared from different plants were tested the antiviral activity against influenza viruses [A/vietnam/1194/04 (H5N1)-NIBRG-14] using the hemagglutination (HA) assay. Among the test plants, Asarum sieboldii was found to be a potent inhibitor of H5N1 influenza virus in MDCK cell culture. Virus titers were 7 log, whereas with methanol extract of Asarum sieboldii for 48 hr titers were 3 log, indicating that methanol extract of Asarum sieboldii inhibited the H5N1 influenza viruses from the infected cells.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.587-596
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• 2019

This study aimed to determine the antimalarial effect of the Strychnos ligustrina (SLW) wood extracts and to analyze its phytochemicals. The SLW powder samples were macerated with 100% ethanol (E100), 75% ethanol (E75), 50% ethanol (E50), 25% ethanol (E25), and aqueous (A100). The extracts were analyzed by LCMS/MS, and its in-vitro antimalarial activity was tested with Plasmodium falciparum. The results showed that the extract yields of E100, E75, E50, E25, and A100 were 4.3, 5.2, 5.3, 4.7, and 3.6%, respectively. The antimalarial activities of the A100, E25, E50, and E75 extracts were classified as active with $IC_{50}$ values of 38.6, 42.6, 42.9, and $43.7{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. But, the antimalarial activity of the E100 extract was classified as slightly active with $IC_{50}$ values of $87.4{\mu}g/mL$. The dominant compounds contained in the extracts of A100, E25, E50, E75, and E100 was the alkaloid compound, namely brucine with relative concentrations of 24.96, 24.55, 21.33, 11.79, and 11.62%, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1997

The antioxidant activities of Korean Red Ginseng Extract(RGE) and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, as reference compound, were tested with HPLC and fluorometry which measure the MDA after reacting an aqueous 1% linoleic acid buffer solution, and LDL(1 mg protein/ml) buffer solution with $H_2O_2{\;}and{\;}FeCl_2$. The generation of conjugated-diene in LDL(0.25 mg protein/ml) was also measured by spectrometry. MDA determination showed the antioxidant effect on linoleic acid oxidation with oxidation inhibition ratio of 71.8% and 76.1%, respectively, by addition of 1000 ppm RGE and 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. LDL(1 mg protein/ml) oxidation was inhibited by 25.2% and 21.2%, respectively, by addition of 200 ppm REG and 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The generation of conjugated diene in LDL(0.25 mg protein/ml) was also inhibited by 44.2%, by addition of 50 ppm RGE.