• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of weed control and phytotoxicity of oxyfluorfen using a transgenic rice line (CPPO06 event) resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibiting herbicides in the direct-seeding flooded rice. Five annual weeds including Echinochloa oryzoides and two perennial weeds were occurred in the test field. Oxyfluorfen at 120 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ in the application timing of two days before sowing and 0 and five days after sowing showed more than 90% weed control value except for Juglans mandshurica. Total weed control value was more than 95% in any application timing indicating a highly effective herbicide in the direct-seeding flooded rice. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of oxyfluorfen. The agronomic characteristics and yield components of CPPO06 event was reasonable in any time of application in this study. Based on these data, oxyfluorfen application before and after sowing can be applied to provide effective weed management in the direct-seeding flooded field.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2003

Future emission legislation requirements especially the need for CO$_2$ reduction lead to more complex powertrain concepts with an increasing number of independent parameters to be calibrated. For gasoline engines concepts with variable valve timing, direct injection or variable charge motion are in development or already on production. Diesel engines with common rail systems offer a wide range of new injection strategies, the application of new exhaust aftertreatment systems leads to additional complexity. Furthermore a clear trend to highly sophisticated transmission concepts requires a perfect interaction of all powertrain components. While the higher complexity requires increasing test and development effort, the development duration is reduced significantly. Consequently, the potential of such systems cannot be fully utilised by traditional development and calibration approaches within the given timeframe. By introduction of intelligent methodologies f3r the calibration of modem powertrains the development becomes more efficient, faster and better in quality. However, even with standardised and automated calibration methods a differentiated brand-specific powertrain character has to be maintained comparable to a "handmade" calibration performed by highly experienced experts.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Winter wheat is susceptible to several fungal pathogens throughout the growing season and foliar fungicide application is one of the strategies used in the management of fungal diseases in winter wheat. However, for fungicides to be profitable, weather conditions conducive to fungal disease development should be present. To determine if winter wheat yield response to fungicide application at the flowering growth stage (Feekes 10.5.1) was related to the growing season precipitation, grain yield from fungicide treated plots was compared to non-treated plots for 19 to 30 hard red winter wheat cultivars planted at 8 site years from 2011 through 2015. At all locations, Prothioconazole + Tebuconazole or Tebuconazole alone was applied at flowering timing for the fungicide treated plots. Grain yield response (difference between treated and non-treated) ranged from 66-696 kg/ha across years and locations. Grain yield response had a positive and significant linear relationship with cumulative rainfall in May through June for the mid and top grain yield ranked cultivars ($R^2=54%$, 78%, respectively) indicating that a higher amount of accumulated rainfall in this period increased chances of getting a higher yield response from fungicide application. Cultivars treated with a fungicide had slightly higher protein content (up to 0.5%) compared to non-treated. These results indicate that application of fungicides when there is sufficient moisture in May and June may increase chances of profitability from fungicide application.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.336-347
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• 2006

Pit and fissure sealants has been proven as safe and effective method of caries prevention. But improper application of pit and fissure sealant may masking the caries process in occlusal fissure. Dentists have to understand the correct and exact application method of pit and fissure sealant for he good result of caries prevention. A key factor to enhanced the effectiveness of caries prevention is retention of pit and fissure sealant. Deep penetration of material into fissure and least marginal leakage around the fissure orifice are the major concerns for dentists to achieve the successive application of pit and fissure sealants. This paper reviewed the literature on the pit and fissure sealants under the following subtitles for enhanced retention : (1) application timing, (2) Indication, (3) Occlusal prophylaxis, (4) Materials, (5) Penetration, (5) Recall check Dental profession must perform the exact application of pit and fissure sealant because this procedure is one of the most technique-sensitive one in dental field.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2019

Ammonia is main precursor gas of secondary particulate matter and contributes almost 78% of total ammonia emission from the agricultural sector in Korea. The current method of estimating ammonia emission from fertilizer application, which contributes 7% of the total emission, has high uncertainty and needs to be improved to better predict PM2.5 concentration. In this study, we suggest an improvement method for ammonia emission quantification from fertilizer application. The first improvement was in the emission factor of NPK fertilizer by conducting a field study to verify the currently used factor. The improved NPK emission factor of 52.2 kg NH ton-1N was confirmed by comparing with the value from the EEA (European Environment Agency) and adjusting the value for the Korean climate and soil conditions. We also improved the amount of fertilizer usage by including the sales amount to the fertilizer supply amount of the Korean Farmers Association, increasing total fertilizer usage by 39.8%. As the statistical data on fertilizer supply and sales are compiled yearly, we estimated monthly emission of ammonia by considering cultivated areas and timing of fertilization for each crop. In summary, we suggest a novel and practical method to improve estimation methodology of ammonia emission from the field of fertilizer application: 1) emission factor of NPK fertilizer was reconfirmed; 2) total amount of fertilizer use was revised considering fertilizer sales; and 3) monthly emission of ammonia was realized by considering different crop practices. A bottom-up approach to compile activity data is needed to increase the estimation accuracy of monthly emission of ammonia, which is very helpful for predicting PM2.5 concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.65-71
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• 2023

In this paper, we design and implement the Walking Life Festival application, which is based on the Android platform and provides information about domestic travel destinations and regional festivals in South Korea. This application utilizes various sensors found in smartphones, including the Step Counter sensor, Step Detector sensor, Acceleration sensor, and GPS sensor. Additionally, it makes use of Google Map API and Public Open API to offer information about domestic travel destinations and local festivals. The application also incorporates an automatic login feature using the Shared Preference API. When storing login information in the database, it encrypts the input plaintext data using a hash algorithm. For Google Maps integration, it creates objects using the Google.maps.LatLngBounds() method and extends the location information through the extends method. Furthermore, this application contributes to the activation of the domestic tourism industry by notifying users about the timing of local festivals related to domestic travel destinations, thus increasing their opportunities to participate in these festivals.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.337-343
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• 2016

The core decisions of bulk shipping businesses can be summarized as the timing and the choice of period for which carrying capacity is traded. In particular, frequent decisions to trade freight either with repeated spot transactions or with a one-off long-term deal critically impact business performance. Even though a variety of freight trading strategies can be employed to facilitate the decisions, chartering practitioners have not been active in utilizing these strategies, and academic research has rarely proposed applicable solutions. The specific properties of freight as a tradable commodity are not properly reflected in existing studies, and limitations have been reported in their application to the real world. This research focused on the establishment of applicable freight trading strategies by taking into account two properties of freight: time perishability and term-dependant pricing. In addition to traditional trading strategies, artificial neural networks were applied for the first time to the test of freight trading strategies. The performances of the trading strategies were measured and compared to produce a remarkable outperformance of the ANN. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to chartering practices by enhancing the quality of chartering decisions and eventually enabling the effective management of freight rate risk. In addition to methodological expansion, the result will propose a way to approach the controversial issue of freight market efficiency.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.3804-3814
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• 2000

This paper presents an efficient implementation of a run-time monitor which checks the satisfaction of the timing constraints of real-time object-oriented programs based on a real-time object model called TMO(Time-triggered Messagedtriggered Object). An execution environment of TMO programs on Windows as, WTMOS(Windows TMO System) has been utilized for the implementation and an experimental application for thermostatic control has been developed to analyze the performance of the run-time monitor. We suggest a methodology for application programmers to specify the target methods with the monitoring conditions and an implementation technique which incurs the small cost by effectively distributing the functions of the monitor into the WTMOS and a TMO object.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

GPS service is generally being used in the navigation application such as the car navigation and the smart phone. Recently, GPS service continues to increase in the timing application such as the mobile telecommunication network, the smart grid, and the financial network. As GPS signals are sensitive to GPS jamming, it should be monitored and protected. In oder to prevent and minimize the damage caused by GPS jamming, many countries are developing and operating GPS jamming monitoring system. This paper presents the implementation and the test results of the GPS jamming equipment which provides the detection, the direction finding and the location of GPS jamming.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.375-393
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• 2008

The dynamic cast operation allows flexibility in the design and use of data management facilities in object-oriented programs. Dynamic cast has an important role in the implementation of the Data Management Services (DMS) of the Mission Data System Project (MDS), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's experimental work for providing a state-based and goal-oriented unified architecture for testing and development of mission software. DMS is responsible for the storage and transport of control and scientific data in a remote autonomous spacecraft. Like similar operators in other languages, the C++ dynamic cast operator does not provide the timing guarantees needed for hard real-time embedded systems. In a recent study, Gibbs and Stroustrup (G&S) devised a dynamic cast implementation strategy that guarantees fast constant-time performance. This paper presents the definition and application of a cosimulation framework to formally verify and evaluate the G&S fast dynamic casting scheme and its applicability in the Mission Data System DMS application. We describe the systematic process of model-based simulation and analysis that has led to performance improvement of the G&S algorithm's heuristics by about a factor of 2. In this work we introduce and apply a library for extracting semantic information from C++ source code that helps us deliver a practical and verifiable implementation of the fast dynamic casting algorithm.