• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2013

The particle counter compared with the turbidimeter provides good precision and sensitivity and can get the characteristics of particulates effectively. The purpose of this study is to provide the application of particle counter in sand and activated carbon filters. The particle count by size could be more easily sense when the water quality is changed by the influent of high turbidity or algae. We could decide the optimal backwashing cycles and detect the efficiencies of filters by monitoring the total particle count of effluent in sand and activated carbon filters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2005

Errors may occur due to analysis methods and water quality during the application of the on-line particle counter In water treatment process. Errors caused by analysis methods include particle destruction by shear force due to inflow speed and tube friction, as well as interruption by screening, bubbles and contaminants. Since errors happen frequently because of these factors, it is necessary to examine and evaluate such errors during the application of a particle counter. Errors can be large due to screening and bubbles. Measurement values are effective for water analysis after filtration process. However, because of screening, only measurement values for particles above $7{\mu}m$ are valid for water with a turbidity between 3-10NTU. As particle numbers around $10{\mu}m$ increase a lot after ozone treatment, sufficient pretreatment process is necessary. Physical conditions should keep stable for inflow to decrease errors caused by shear force.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.73-78
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• 2006

The occurrence of detrimental substances in the paper machine leads to reduced economic performance of paper mills through reduced capacities due to increased paper breaks and cleaning times. In this article the latest generation of BASF's laser optical pitch particle counter is employed in the examination of a paper mill operating two paper machines and using a mixture of thermo-mechanical pulp and recycled fibres. The potential of the new instrument to differentiate between particles on the basis of size and chemical composition is discussed. In addition, direct evidence of the periodic and locational variation of detrimental substances in the paper machine is given. Finally, an example of the application of BASF's laser optical pitch particle counter in the selection of a suitable fixative system for a complex furnish is presented.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2011

It is the conventional wisdom that the Poynting-Robertson effect is essentially the outcome of the interplay between absorption and reemission processes. For a better understanding of the motion of charged particles around a compact star with strong radiation, we reached an alternative interpretation for the Poynting-Robertson effect based on the covariant formalism and found that it is attributed to the combination of the aberration and the Lorentz transformation of the radiation stress-energy tensor. As a general relativistic application of the Poynting-Robertson effect, we studied the dynamics of test particles around the spinning relativistic star with strong radiation. We discovered that the combination of the angular momentum and the finite size of the star generates "radiation counter drag" which exerts on the test particle to enhance its specific angular momentum, contrary to the radiation drag. The balance of the radiation drag and the radiation counter drag renders the particle to hover around the spinning luminous star at the "suspension orbit". The radial position and the angular velocity of the particle on the "suspension orbit" are determined by the angular momentum, the luminosity, and the size of the central star only, and they are independent of the initial position and velocity of the particle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.47-48
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• 2003

This new family of portable real time SEQUENTIAL MOBILITY PARTICLE COUNTER and SIZER (SMPS+C) is designed for mobility and easy field use. An integrated battery assures hours of operation, a data logger system storage of all optioned results and a user friendly powerful software easy operation. This technology not only simplifies the SMPS operation, but it permits new on site application monitoring up to a remote wireless telephone operation. (omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

With desires for safe food, there is growing concern that pesticide spray drift will expose people, plants, and the environment to pesticide residue and potential negative effects thereof. For highly efficient, safe spray application, technologies for measuring the spray drift should be developed and improved with some urgency. This study investigated the applicability of two optical particle counters (OPCs), which are mostly used to measure airborne particle mass concentration, for measurement of airborne pesticide spray drift. Experiments were conducted in a controlled laboratory and an ash tree orchard to evaluate the handiness and accuracy of two OPCs, OPC 1 and OPC 2. The experimental results indicated that the OPC 1 was better applicable to the measurement of spray drift in the field while the use of the OPC 2 was limited due to its narrow range of measurable droplet sizes. The readings of the OPC 1 produced highly accurate results ($R^2=0.9637$) compared to the actual spray drift. For better application of OPCs, this study suggests the OPCs should be positioned properly to inhale spray droplets of the appropriate size and concentration.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.12
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• pp.2436-2440
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• 2009

In this work, TCO-less dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using Ti-mesh layer is fabricated for high-efficient low-cost solar cell application. The Ti-mesh metal can replace TCO in the photo-electrode part of DSCs, thus the cell structure is composed of a glass/dye sensitized TiO2 particle/ Ti-mesh layer/electrolyte/Pt sputtered counter electrode/ glass. The Ti-mesh electrode with high conductivity can collect electrons from the $TiO_2$ layer and allows the ionic diffusion of $I^-/I_3^-$ through the mesh hole. Thin Ti-mesh ($\sim40{\mu}m$ in thickness) electrode material is processed using rapid prototype method. The efficiency of prepared TCO-less DSCs sample is about 1.45 % ((ff: 0.5, Voc: 0.52V, Jsc: 5.55 $mA/cm^2$).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1969

X-ray Fluorescence Spectrographic method has been applied for the rapid determination of main components, such as $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, CaO, MgO and $K_2O$ in Silicate Minerals. In this method, Boric Acid was used as a binder after fusion with Lithium Tetraborate in the briquet-making process. The Lithium Flubride, Ammonium di-Hydrogen Phosphate and Ethylene Diamine d-Tartrate crystals were used with Scintillation counter and Gas Flow counter as the detectors. Several influences on this method were discussed, including the particle size of samples and reducing of the matrix effects by dilution with Boric Acid and addition of Lanthanum Oxide with the diluent. In order to test the reproducibility of this method described above, the determination of the same kind of samples were carried out repeatedly, and the results obtained were presented in the table. Calibration curves for each element were presented, and the application of the method was tested with International Rock Standard T-Ⅰ. All the results obtained by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrographic method were compared with the results by conventional chemical method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.1860-1865
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• 2019

The confinement degradation of the energetic particles during RMP would be a key issue in success of realizing the successful energy production using fusion plasma, because a 3.5 MeV energetic alpha particle should be able to sustain the burning plasma after the ignition. As KSTAR recent results indicate the generation of high-performance plasma(${\beta}_p{\sim}3$), the confinement of the energetic particles is also an important key aspect in neutral beam driven plasma. In general, the measured absolute value of the neutron intensity is generally used for to estimating the confinement time of energetic particles by comparing it with the theoretical value based on transport calculations. However, the availability of, but for its calculation process, many accurate diagnostic data of plasma parameters such as thermal and incident fast ion density, are essential to the calculation process. In this paper, the time evolution of the neutron signal from an He3 counter during the beam blank has permitted to facilitate the estimation of the slowing down time of energetic particles and the method is applied to investigate the fast ion effect on ELM suppressed KSTAR plasma which is heated by high energy deuterium neutral beams.