• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

The traditional way for convergence of smart appliances was software integrations on middleware. It is possible advantage to integrate easily and quickly with this way. But basically the middleware approach is slowly executed as it is huge the size of software. To solve this problem, we suggest a modeling tool for convergence. As we can execute and generate the automatic source code at the design phase with our modeling tool, it is possible to do software integration without the middleware. We use one example of U-Home environment to show the convergence for TV and the door lock system. With our approach, we will be able quickly to develop the convergent products what the customers desire with inexpensiveness, that is, the convergence of smart appliances without the middleware.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze behavioral patterns of elderly residents and to identify the characteristics of using furniture and home appliances by elderly-headed households. For this purpose, field studies that included observation and open-ended interview were conducted with 52 elderly-headed households. The major findings of this study were as follows: elderly-headed households need home appliances with lighter body, lower capacity and simple functions. Furniture for elderly people should be designed to minimize the inconvenience of using western style furniture, also the behavior patterns which are important to the elderly like taking medicine have to be considered. And it is necessary to design furniture and equipments properly to prevent accidents happened in housing. Lastly, because the elderly relies heavily on watching TV, it will be desirable to apply TV-friendly devices such as home networking and home automation. Research results will be useful information on product design to reflect characteristics of elderly and follow-up studies associated with each furniture and appliances and specific living behavior are needed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.637-649
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• 1997

Early orthodontic treatment in growing children requires the removable orthodontic appliances. The removable orthodontic appliance can be used in the primary dentition and mixed dentition. The purposes of use of removable orthodontic appliance in prmary dentition or mixed dentition are the interception of skeletal or dental malocclusion, guiding the normal dentition, and retention after comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Therefore, it is needed to use the removable orthodontic appliance in children with malocclusion. This report presents cases of growing children with skeletal class II and III malocclusion treated with removable orthodontic appliance during mixed dentition and Multiloop Edgewise Arch Wire(MEAW) during permanent dentition. The results obtained through these cases were summarized as follows : 1. Removable orthodontic appliances guide normal dentition and skeletal growth in growing children. 2. Removable orthodontic appliances play an important role in intercepting malocclusion in mixed dentition before use of fixed orthodontic appliance. 3. MEAW can be applied to finishing stage of all cases and is effective in correction of occlusal plane, achievement of interdigitation, and control of dental inclination. 4. It is needed that removable appliances are used during mixed dentition through correct diagnosis and fixed appliance are used in permanent dentition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.335-346
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• 2009

As the economy has grown and the main industry in Korea has been changed from secondary industry to tertiary industry, the importance of indoor environment has been a matter of common concern, in which one of the main concerns is to improve the indoor acoustic conditions. However, even though this is required more than before, there are no measures to protect the human being from the noise of electric home appliances. This is owing to the absence of the data about sound power level of electric home appliances. So, we investigate the sound power level of them and analyze the acoustical characteristics of each one. First, we tried to investigate the sound power measurement method of each electric home appliance. After it we test the sound power level of them. From the survey, we can know that the vacuum cleaner is the most noisy electric home appliance, and the refrigerator is the least noisy one. This results will help us predict the indoor noise level using the basic data of sound power level.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2014

The voltage source PWM inverter generally used to drive the air conditioning (A/C) fans has been posing a large issue that the bearings in air conditioning fan motors are highly possible to be corroded electrically. Potential difference called shaft voltage is generated between inner and outer rings of the bearings due to inverter switching. The shaft voltage causes bearing lubricant breakdown dielectrically. As a result, bearing current is caused. This current causes the bearing corrosion. In previous work, we demonstrated that the shaft voltage can be reduced by using an insulator inserted between the outer and inner cores of the rotor in an air conditioning fan motor without grounding. This paper proposes the other countermeasure for reducing the shaft voltage in fan motors. The countermeasure which adds a capacitor between the brackets and the stator core is effective even for fan motors with non-insulated rotor. The effectiveness is confirmed by both simulated and experimental results.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.619-628
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• 2012

The ZigBee network has been considered to monitor electricity usage of home appliances in the smart grid network. ZigBee, however, may suffer from a coexistence problem with wireless local area network (WLAN). In this paper, to resolve the coexistence problem between ZigBee network and WLAN, we propose a new protocol constructing a cognitive smart grid network for supporting monitoring of home appliances. In the proposed protocol, home appliances first estimates the transmission timing and channel information of WLAN by reading request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) frames of WLAN. Next, based on the estimated information, home appliances transmit a data at the same time as WLAN transmission. To manage the interference between WLAN and smart grid network, we propose a cognitive beamforming algorithm. The beamforming algorithm is designed to guaranteeing zero interference to WLAN while satisfying a required rate for smart metering. We also propose an energy efficient rate adaptation algorithm. By slowing down the transmission rate while satisfying an imperceptible impact of quality of service (QoS) of the receiver, the home appliance can significantly save transmit power. Numerical results show that the proposed multiple antenna technique provides reliable communications for smart metering with reduced power comparing to the simple transmission technique.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.687-697
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• 1998

In spite of increasing public concern about the human exposure to electric and magnetic fields(EMFs), there is little information about the EMF levels in the vicinity of power facilities and of home appliances. To provide such information, a nationwide survey for EMFs near overhead transmission lines has been conducted. The median values of the electric fields and magnetic fields of 153 transmission lines were 0.47 kV/m and 11.6 mG, respectively. The maximum values were 3.16 kV/m and 125 mG. These were low values in comparison with any EMF guidelines or standards of advanced contries. Measurements of the magnetic fields of typical home appliances and daily human exposure records have been also conducted. These magnetic field values were comparable to those of the transmission lines.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.758-762
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• 1997

There are various types of localized tooth malpositions in the mixed dentition, such as abnormal tooth axis, anterior crossbite of some incisors, impaction, midline diastema, ectopic eruption, and so forth. We, Pediatric Dentists, have usually used removable appliances for these instances. But, removable orthodontic appliances, as is known, have marked limitations in some situations, for example, severe rotation, intrusion and extrusion, root torque, closure of large diastema, traction of impacted tooth, etc. In such cases, Whip spring, combined with fixed or removable appliance, can increase utilities of removable orthodontic appliances. The authors have applied whip springs to some cases showing localized positional and arrangement problems, and have witnessed the results as follows; 1. The refined and elaborate control of direction and magnitude of force by the operator, and accurate compliance of the patients were requisite for the treatment with it. 2. It showed special effectiveness for de rotation of incisors. Although it yields some benefit for root movement, the special consideration for incomplete roots in this age bracket was required. 3. In the localized malalignment cases in mixed dentition, uncurable with traditional removable appliances but practically unrealistic with fixed appliance therapy, the whip spring was thought to be a good alternative.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.72-79
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• 2019

The automated demand response (DR) program encourages consumers to participate in grid operation by reducing power consumption or deferring electricity usage at peak time automatically. However, successful deployment of the automated DR program sphere needs careful assessment of appliances load profile (ALP). To this end, the recent method estimates frequency, consistency, and peak time consumption parameters of the daily ALP to compute their potential score to be involved in the DR event. Nonetheless, as the daily ALP is subject to varying with respect to the DR time ALP, the existing method could lead to an inappropriate estimation; in such a case, inappropriate appliances would be selected at the automated DR operation that effected a consumer comfort level. To address this challenge, we propose a more proper method, in which all the three parameters are calculated using ALP that overlaps with DR time, not the total daily profile. Furthermore, evaluation of our method using two public residential electricity consumption data sets, i.e., REDD and REFIT, shows that our energy management systems (EMS) could properly match a DR target. A more optimal selection of appliances for the DR event achieves a power consumption decreasing target with minimum comfort level reduction. We believe that our approach could prevent the loss of both utility and consumers. It helps the successful automated DR deployment by maintaining the consumers' willingness to participate in the program.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.12-21
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• 2013

Waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE or E-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste stream in Korea. The proper management of such equipment has become of major concern for solid waste professionals because of the large growth of the waste stream and the presence of a myriad of toxic materials in it. In this paper, in order to evaluate the economical value of the recycling metallic materials from the E-waste, big size electrical home appliances, small size electrical home appliances, end of life hand phone and PCB(printed circuit board) were reviewed.