• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2004

터널의 안정성 확보 및 최적설계를 위해서, 충분한 지반조사 데이터를 확보하는 것이 가장 중요하나, 공간상에 분포하는 자료측정의 제한성 및 경제적인 이유로 그렇게 하지 못하는 것이 현실이다. 특히, 터널은 민원 및 산악지형 등의 이유로 노선의 본선부에서 시추가 불가능한 구간이 발생하고, 각종 물리탐사 자료만으로는 정량적인 암반등급 산정이 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 본선에서 이격된 물리탐사 자료 및 시추데이터를 최대한 활용해 지구통계학 기법의 하나인 2차원 다분적 지시크리깅을 확장한 3차원 다분적 지시크리깅 (3D multiple indicator kriging, 3D-MI kriging)기법을 제안하였다. 또한 제안된 3차원 다분적 지시크리깅기법을 경부고속철도 제 ${\bigcirc}-{\bigcirc}$공구 터널설계 시 RMR분류에 의한 암반등급 산정을 위해 적용하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2018

Purpose - Recently the importance of green consumption and corporate social responsibility has been increasing, thereby enhancing the importance of green consumption space as well. The retail space, as a representative consumption space, is now consuming more energy by introducing bigger retail space, 24-hour operation, cutting-edge equipment, and manless checkout system. Especially for retailers, who are constantly interacting with consumers, not only the economic consideration but also the consumer experience via retail service and physical retail space is crucial for their success. Therefore, this study intends to understand the main factors of motivating consumer perception about green retail space. In addition, we further investigate the mediating and moderating variables to encourage revisit intention and green retail space image. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to test our hypotheses with two models, we conducted a survey using questionnaires. In model 1, 356 respondents were surveyed to determine whether consumers' green attitudes and behaviors enhance environmentally friendly perception on retail space properties. In model 2, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 69 consumers who have experience in green retail space. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with on-line panels in Korea and analyzed using regression model and Hayes' PROCESS macro. Results - We found that consumers with green attitude put more importance on the attributes of green retail space. Also, the utility of the green retail space was found to be significant in emotional and social benefits. And, the consumers, who perceived the importance of green retail space, show higher revisit intentions. The emotional and social utilities have significant positive effects on revisit intention through green retail space image. Conclusions - This study demonstrates that a green retail space can induce positive consumer utility, thereby increasing green retail space image and revisit intention. Thus, in order to increase the image and revisit, retailers should communicate green messages with consumers, enhance green attributes of retail space, and target green consumers. To do so, we suggest that various marketing efforts such as publicity and education are needed to appeal experiential green products and retail space to consumers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.803-816
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• 2014

Defense-in-depth is a fundamental safety principle for the design and operation of nuclear power plants. Despite its general appeal, defense-in-depth is not without its drawbacks, which include its potential for concealing the occurrence of hazardous states in a system, and more generally rendering the latter more opaque for its operators and managers, thus resulting in safety blind spots. This in turn translates into a shrinking of the time window available for operators to identify an unfolding hazardous condition or situation and intervene to abate it. To prevent this drawback from materializing, we propose in this work a novel safety principle termed "observability-in-depth". We characterize it as the set of provisions technical, operational, and organizational designed to enable the monitoring and identification of emerging hazardous conditions and accident pathogens in real-time and over different time-scales. Observability-in-depth also requires the monitoring of conditions of all safety barriers that implement defense-in-depth; and in so doing it supports sensemaking of identified hazardous conditions, and the understanding of potential accident sequences that might follow (how they can propagate). Observability-in-depth is thus an information-centric principle, and its importance in accident prevention is in the value of the information it provides and actions or safety interventions it spurs. We examine several "event reports" from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission database, which illustrate specific instances of violation of the observability-in-depth safety principle and the consequences that followed (e.g., unmonitored releases and loss of containments). We also revisit the Three Mile Island accident in light of the proposed principle, and identify causes and consequences of the lack of observability-in-depth related to this accident sequence. We illustrate both the benefits of adopting the observability-in-depth safety principle and the adverse consequences when this principle is violated or not implemented. This work constitutes a first step in the development of the observability-in-depth safety principle, and we hope this effort invites other researchers and safety professionals to further explore and develop this principle and its implementation.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.3-30
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• 2022

On 27 October the Supreme Court of UK handed down its much anticipated decision in Kabab-Ji SAL (Lebanon) v Kout Food Group (Kuwait) [2021] UKSC 48. The issues for the Supreme Court to decide were as follows: (1) which law governed the validity of the arbitration agreement; (2) if English law applied, whether, as a matter of English law, there was any real prospect that a court might find that KFG became a party to the arbitration agreement, and (3) whether, procedurally, the Court of Appeal was correct in giving summary judgment refusing recognition and enforcement the award, or whether there should have been a full rehearing of whether there was a valid and binding arbitration agreement for the purposes of the New York Convention and the AA 1996 (the 'procedural' issue) The decision in Kabab-Ji provides further reassuring clarity on how the governing law of the arbitration agreement is to be determined under English law where the governing law is not expressly stated in the arbitration agreement itself. The Supreme Court's reasoning is consistent with its earlier decision on the same issue, albeit in the context of enforcement pursuant to the New York Convention, rather than considering the arbitration agreement before an award is rendered. This paper presents some implications of Kabab-Ji case. Also, it seeks to provide a meaningful discussion and theories on the arbitration system in Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.327-331
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• 2022

The article aims at studying the institution of human rights in an ever-evolving world in the context of the interdisciplinary approach. The main scientific method was deduction that allowed examining the specific interdisciplinary approach in relation to the institution of human rights on the global scale. To solve the issue set, it is necessary to study legal foundations and features of the interdisciplinary approach to the institution of human rights in the modern world. The article proves there is no theoretical anthropological understanding of the institution of human rights. It has been concluded that the appeal to anthropological jurisprudence requires the identification of the initial theoretical and methodological principles, parameters and axioms of cognition, the integration of a person into the subject field of legal science, linking jurisprudence with the chosen external environment (philosophy, sociology, theology, etc.), predetermining the existence (understanding) of a person, causing qualitative differences and the structure of subject-methodological phenomena. In addition to the identification of such hypotheses, prerequisites and axioms, the basic method (principle) of cognition and its heuristic potential are also being searched (defined). The terminological designation of the formed subject-methodological phenomenon (legal anthropology, anthropology of law, anthropological approach, etc.) reveals its role in the system of interdisciplinary relations of legal science.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.676-690
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 20대 대선 후보 TV토론에서 '타당해 보이지만 그렇지 않은 논증'인 '오류(fallacies)'가 어떻게 나타나는지 탐구하고 그 함의를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 20개 형식적·비형식적 오류 개념을 분석 유목으로 사용해 첫 번째와 마지막 토론회(240분 분량)의 후보 발언들을 질적으로 분석한다. 그 결과, 세 후보가 허수아비, 훈제 청어, 선결문제, 복합질문, 성급한 일반화, 피장파장 등 15종, 23건의 비형식적 오류를 범한 점이 발견된다. 후보들은 주로 자신의 이미지와 의제를 방어하고 상대의 이미지와 의제에 타격을 주려는 맥락에서 유사논증인 오류를 활용했다. 특히, 답하기 곤란한 의제에 직면할 때 여러 유형의 오류를 집중적으로 동원함으로써, 팩트체크에 걸리지 않고 거짓말을 하지 않고 실정법을 어기지 않고도 상황을 타개하려 했다. 선행연구는 오류 체계를 관념적으로 다뤄온 편이지만, 이 연구는 이 체계가 대선후보 TV토론 같은 중요한 정치 콘텐츠의 분석 및 해석 틀로 유용하다는 점을 보여준다. 또, 민주주의를 구현하는 핵심 장치인 정치토론에서 오류가 과사용 될 가능성에 대한 주의를 환기한다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2023

The task of sorting and excluding blemished apples and others that lack commercial appeal is currently performed manually by human eye sorting, which not only causes musculoskeletal disorders in workers but also requires a significant amount of time and labor. In this study, an automated apple-sorting machine was developed to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in apple production workers and to streamline the process of sorting blemished and non-marketable apples from the better quality fruit. The apple-sorting machine is composed of an arm-rest, a main body, and a height-adjustable part, and uses object detection through a machine learning technology called 'You Only Look Once (YOLO)' to sort the apples. The machine was initially trained using apple image data, RoboFlow, and Google Colab, and the resulting images were analyzed using Jetson Nano. An algorithm was developed to link the Jetson Nano outputs and the conveyor belt to classify the analyzed apple images. This apple-sorting machine can immediately sort and exclude apples with surface defects, thereby reducing the time needed to sort the fruit and, accordingly, achieving cuts in labor costs. Furthermore, the apple-sorting machine can produce uniform quality sorting with a high level of accuracy compared with the subjective judgment of manual sorting by eye. This is expected to improve the productivity of apple growing operations and increase profitability.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2024

Ceramic materials are being explored as alternatives to toxic lead sheets for radiation shielding due to their favorable properties like durability, thermal stability, and aesthetic appeal. However, crafting effective ceramics for radiation shielding entails complex processes, raising production costs. To investigate local viability, this study evaluated Malaysian ceramic tiles for shielding in diagnostic X-ray rooms. Different ceramics in terms of density and thickness were selected from local manufacturers. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) characterized ceramic compositions, while Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (MC PHITS) simulations determined Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half-value Layer (HVL), Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), and Mean Free Path (MFP) within the 40-150 kV energy range. Comparative analysis between MC PHITS simulations and real setups was conducted. The C3-S9 ceramic sample, known for homogeneous full-color structure, showcased superior shielding attributes, attributed to its high density and iron content. Notably, energy levels considerably impacted radiation penetration. Overall, C3-S9 demonstrated strong shielding performance, underlining Malaysia's potential ceramic tile resources for X-ray room radiation shielding.

• 의료법학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.113-145
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• 2010

Nowadays, it is surely the quack which stands as one of the most controversial, problematic. the quack has been a consistent target of contested public protection strategies in the past few centuries in many countries. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized and accepted by patients and providers throughout the health care system in the world, most accounts attribute this growing acceptability to the shortcomings of conventional medicine, the appeal of CAM's core beliefs, and the growing body of research indicating that CAM actually works. However, the governments of western countries have called for measures to ensure that the public are protected from incompetent and dangerous practitioners. Common to these controversies has been a suggestion to ban, exclude or limit the medical practice of those deemed to be damaging rather than improving the health of individuals as a measure of public protection. This article describes the experiences of western counties' health care system which is moving in a more pluralistic direction. By examining the ways in which regulatory efforts in the countries have come to address what is invariably described as a growing interest in CAM, this study show how the problem of CAM/quackery today is increasingly located in an ethical field of practitioner competency, qualifications, conduct, responsibility and personal professional development, regardless of the form of therapy in question. Many countries developed a series of measures and strategies to contain the acceptance of CAM groups, such as insisting on scientific evidence of safety and efficacy, resisting integration of CAM with conventional medicine and opposing government support for research and education. In a sense, those countries' movements serve to protect not only patients, but the dominant position of medicine and its allied professions, and to maintain existing jurisdictional boundaries within the healthcare system. The popular support for CAM will require that health professional stakeholders continue to address the challenges this poses, and at the same time protect their position at healthcare system. To cope with the quack, professional body, public sector and health authorities should consider the safety of consumers of healthcare and responding to the demands of the community for CAM therapies as well as the claims of the established healthcare professions. Finally, some implications for future health care were suggested.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 캐나다 앨버트 주 캘거리시의 토사배출사업장 토사관리 제도를 살펴보았다. 토사관리제도를 뒷받침하는 법적근거와 개발사업별 승인절차와 승인조건, 토사관리계획서의 작성기준 및 원리, 최적관리방안, 그리고 모니터링 및 유지관리 점검 등에 관하여 분석하였다. 시청 내에서 승인과정은 도시개발국을 중심으로 이루어지며 CPAG라고 불리는 종합계획지원그룹에서 유관부서에 회람과정을 거쳐 승인에 필요한 요구조건을 검토한 후 승인/거부 여부가 결정되며 공시제도를 통하여 일반시민의 의견을 청취한 후 승인서를 발부하며, 이때 개발자가 이견이 있을 경우 항소과정을 거쳐 재심을 청구할 수 있는 제도를 갖추고 있다. 승인에 필요한 조건은 일반조건과 특수조건으로 구분되며 실제로 개발공사 중에 토사관리계획이 이루어질 수 있도록 강구하고 있다. 또한 별도로 토사관리계획서 기본원리를 바탕으로 개발된 지침서를 제정하여 토사관리시설의 설치, 모니터링, 유지보수, 자체/외부 점검활동 등을 규정하고 있다. 제도적으로 완벽한 토사관리제도의 구비가 토사오염문제의 저감을 보장하는 것은 아니지만 우리나라에서도 개발과정에서 공사활동은 잠재적으로 가장 파괴적인 단계임을 인식하고 중앙정부의 법과 지방자치단체에 따라 지역형편에 맞는 실효성 있는 조례 및 관리계획 수립이 필요한 시점으로 판단된다.