• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the distribution of apolipoproteins A-I and B among Korean employees and their partners. Methods : The study population consisted of 7,633 men and women (4,578 men and 3,054 women) residing in Seoul and Kyung-gee Do, with an average age of $43.5{\pm}8.3$ years. Blood samples were collected following at least 12 hours of fasting. Apolipoproteins A-I and B were measured using a Behring Nephelometer analyzer. The body mass index (BMI) for each participant was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared $(m^2)$. Information on health-related behaviors such as exercise, alcohol intake, and smoking habits was collected through self-administrated questionnaires. Results : The mean concentrations of Apo A-I were $132.6{\pm}22.3mg/dL$ and $142.9{\pm}24.8mg/dL$ in the men and women, respectively. The concentration of Apo A-I increased significantly across all age categories of men. The mean concentrations of Apo B were $101.7{\pm}23.2mg/dL$ and $87.8{\pm}23.5mg/dL$ in the men and women, respectively, and Apo B increased significantly across all age categories for both the men and women. Exercise and BMI were major determinants for Apo A-I and B levels. The 10th percentile of Apo A-I concentration was 109 mg/dL in the men and 113 mg/dL in the women, and the 90th percentile of Apo B concentration was 131 mg/dL in the men and 118 mg/dL women. Conclusions : For the prevention of coronary artery disease, we recommend that for individuals in the 10th percentile of concentration for Apo A-I and the 90th percentile of concentration for Apo B, active preventive interventions such as weight loss and exercise should be taken. This study, within its limitations, may be useful for evaluating apolipoprotein A-I and B concentrations in Korean adults.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2006

목 적 : 소아기의 비만은 성인기의 비만여부와 상관없이 대사증후군과 심근경색증의 유병률을 높이는 것으로 알려져 있으며 또한, 직접적인 원인으로 작용할 수 있다고 보고되었다. 그리고, hs-CRP은 장래의 심근경색을 예측할 수 있는 인자이며 특히 비만시에 유의하게 증가되는 것으로 보여 성인에서는 임상적으로 유용하게 쓰이기 시작하였으나, 소아에서의 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 저자는 소아 비만에서의 hs-CRP의 증가에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 14세의 소년들을 28명의 비만아군(BMI $29.61{\pm}3.29kg/m^2$)과 93명의 대조군(BMI $18.99{\pm}2.21kg/m^2$)으로 선정하여 연구를 시행하였다. 혈중 CRP 농도는 the high sensitive latex turbidimetric immunoassay를 사용하여 측정하였으며 급성 감염의 영향을 배제하기 위해 측정값이 0.3 mg/dL 미만인 경우만을 실험대상으로 채택하였다. 비만아군과 대조군에 대해서 각각의 hs-CRP의 분포를 알아보았으며 hs-CRP와 BMI, 혈압, 혈중 지질 농도의 연관성에 대해 분석하였다. 결 과 : hs-CRP 농도는 비만아군이 대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 측정값을 보였다($0.104{\pm}0.075$ vs. $0.054{\pm}0.005mg/dL$). 비만아군은 대조군에 비해 BMI, 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압, apolipoprotein B, 죽종형성지수와 triglyceride에서 높은 결과치를 나타내었다. 단순회귀분석상에서 hs-CRP는 BMI, 이완기혈압, apolipoprotein E, 죽종형성지수, TG와 통계학적으로 유의한 연관성을 나타내었으나, 다중회귀분석상에서는 BMI와 apolipoprotein E만이 강력한 연관성을 보여주었다. 결 론 : 비만아군은 대조군에 비해 혈중 hs-CRP가 높게 나타났으며 더불어 혈압의 상승과 지질대사이상을 동반하는 경향이 증가함을 보여주었다. 그리고, hs-CRP는 BMI와 apolipoprotein E와 강력한 연관성을 나타내었다. 이 결과들은 비만과 관련된 대사증후군이 소아시기에 이미 시작될 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of a 12-week brisk walking program on triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and to compare these effects to those of a brisk walking plus diet program in middle-aged overweight/obese ($BMI{\geq}23$) Korean women with hypertriglyceridemia. Method. This analysis was done with nineteen middle-aged overweight/obese Korean women who completed either the brisk walking program (9 women) or the brisk walking plus diet program (10 women) for 12 weeks. The brisk walking consisted of walking for 20 to 50 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 to 6 days/week. The diet consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling every week. TG and Apo B were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results. TG and Apo B decreased significantly after the brisk walking program (Z = -2.31, p = 0.021; Z = -2.59, p = 0.009). TG and Apo B lowering effects of the brisk walking program were not significantly different from those of the brisk walking plus diet program (U = 37.0, P = 0.549; U = 42.0, P = 0.842). Conclusion. Brisk walking can be an effective intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged women with hypertriglyceridemia in reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering TG and Apo B levels. Adding diet to brisk walking may have no additional significant effects on changes in TG and Apo B.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1024-1030
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• 2007

We investigated the human apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2) transgenic mouse as an animal model system for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Transgenic mice expressing human apoE2 and C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Eyes were collected from the mice and lipid deposits in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were assessed using electron microscopy. The expressions of apoE, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and pigment-epithelium derived factor (PEDF), which are molecular markers for angiogenesis, were assessed with immunohistochemistry. Eyes from apoE2 mice, regardless of diet, contained lipid accumulation in RPE under electron microscopy, whereas control C57BL/6J eyes did not. Lipid accumulation was found predominantly in the RPE and the Bruch's membrane and increased in the eyes of apoE2 mice after one month of a high-fat diet ($8{\pm}2\;per\;50{\mu}m^2$ for normal chow and $11{\pm}2\;per\;50\;{\mu}m^2,\;p<0.05)$. ApoE expression was similar in the apoE2 and control mice; however, VEGF and bFGF were overexpressed in the retinal pigment epithelium of apoE2 eyes compared with control eyes, and PEDF expression was slightly decreased. These expression patterns of VEGF, bFGF, and PEDF suggest angiogenesis is progressing in apoE2 eyes. In conclusion, the eyes of apoE2 mice develop typical lipid accumulations, a common characteristic of AMD, making them a suitable animal model for AMD. The expression profile of VEGF and bFGF on the retinal pigment epithelium suggests that apoE2 may induce neovascularization by altering angiogenic cytokines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.927-938
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• 1998

Epidemiological studies have indicated that a relationship between overweight and cardiovascular disease exists. To assess the relationship of unfavorable changes in serum lipid concentrations, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), blood sugar and blood pressure to anthropometric variables, nutrient intakes and dietary behavior,64 obese children were chosen as subjects and 24-hour dietary intake, dietary behavior as well as blood pressure, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), three kinds of cholesterol concentrations were measured in November 1976. More than half(57.8%) of the children had serum cholesterol concentrations over 175mg/d1, and 26.6% of them had over 200mg/d1 and this group could be classified as a high risk group. Abdominal obesity as measured with waist circumference and waist hip ratio was negatively co..elated to high density lipop개tein(HDL) cholesterol. Dietary behavior rather than nutrient intakes appeared to have associations with unfavorable lipid profiles. Total dietary behavior scores and fish and bean product consumption had strong correlations with potentially atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations. This study suggests that fir the early prevention of cardiovascular disease, waist hip ratio together with obese rate should be included in selective programs to identify risk group of children in Korea. furthermore, interventions in cardiovascular disease risk groups in obese children should emphasize maintenance of ideal body weight through reducing body fat and adopting desirable dietary behaviors such as increasing intake of fish or bean products. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 927~938, 1998)

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

Apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo-B100) is a major component of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Apo B-100 protein has 4,536 amino acid sequence and these amino acids are classified into peptide groups A to G with subsequent 20 amino acids (P1-P302). The peptide groups were act as immunoglobulin (Ig) antigens which oxidized via malondialdehyde (MDA). The mimetic peptide P1 (EEEMLENVSLVCPKDAT RFK) out of D-group peptides carrying the highest value of IgG antigens were selected for structural studies that may provide antigen specificity. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra were measured for peptide secondary structure in the range of 190-250 nm. Experimental results show that P1 exhibit partial of ${\beta}-sheet$ and random coil structure. Homonuclear (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY) 2D-NMR experiments were carried out for NMR signal assignments and structure determination for P1. On the basis of these completely assigned NMR spectra and distance data, distance geometry (DG) and Molecular dynamics (MD) were carried out to determine the structures of P1. The proposed structure was selected by comparisons between experimental NOE spectra and back calculated 2D NOE results from determined structure showing acceptable agreement. The total Root-Mean-Square-Deviation (RMSD) value of P1 obtained upon superposition of all atoms was in the range $0.33{\AA}$. The solution state P1 has mixed structure of ${\beta}-sheet$ (Glu[1] to Cys[12]) and random coil (Pro[13] to Lys[20]). These NMR results are well consistent with secondary structure from experimental results of circular dichroism. Structural studies based on NMR may contribute to the studies of atherosclerosis and observed conformational characteristics of apo B-100 in LDL using monoclonal antibodies.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2020

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), the main protein component that makes up LDL (Low density lipoprotein), consists of 4,536 amino acids and serves to combine with the LDL receptor. The oxidized LDL peptides by malondialdehyde (MDA) or acetylation in vivo were act as immunoglobulin (Ig) antigens and peptide groups were classified into 7 peptide groups with subsequent 20 amino acids (P1-P302). The biomimetic peptide P99 (KGTYG LSCQR DPNTG RLNGE) out of B-group peptides carrying the highest value of IgM antigens were selected for structural studies that may provide antigen specificity. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra were measured for peptide secondary structure in the range of 190-260 nm. Experimental results show that P99 has pseudo α-helice and random coil structure. Homonuclear (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY) 2D-NMR experiments were carried out for NMR signal assignments and structure determination for P99. On the basis of these completely assigned NMR spectra and proton distance information, distance geometry (DG) and molecular dynamic (MD) were carried out to determine the structures of P99. The proposed structure was selected by comparisons between experimental NOE spectra and back-calculated 2D NOE results from determined structure showing acceptable agreement. The total Root-Mean-Square-Deviation (RMSD) value of P99 obtained upon superposition of all atoms were in the set range. The solution state P99 has mixed structure of pseudo α-helix and β-turn(Gln[9] to Thr[13]). These NMR results are well consistent with secondary structure from experimental results of circular dichroism. Structural studies based on NMR may contribute to the prevent oxidation studies of atherosclerosis and observed conformational characteristics of apo B-100 in LDL using monoclonal antibodies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2017

본 연구는 체지방률이 32% 이상인 폐경 후 비만여성 36명을 대상으로 유산소운동이 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 인슐린저항성지수에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 운동집단(18명)과 통제집단(18명)으로 나누어 유산소운동인 라인댄스를 16주간 실시한 후 체조성, 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 인슐린저항성지수를 운동전과 후로 측정하여 비교분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 운동 후에 운동집단에서 체중, 체지방률(%BF), 체질량지수(BMI), 내장지방면적(VFA), 렙틴(Leptin), 인슐린(Insulin), 글루코스(Glucose), 인슐린저항성지수(HOMA-IR), 총콜레스테롤(TC), 중성지방(TG), 아포리포프로틴(Apolipoprotein) B, 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(LDL-C) 및 수축기혈압(SBP)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 아포리포프로틴(Apolipoprotein) A-1, 그렐린(Ghrelin) 및 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(HDL-C)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 유산소운동집단의 내장지방면적에 영향을 미치는 에너지대사조절인자의 회귀분석결과에서 주요요인으로 그렐린, 인슐린, 글루코스 및 HOMA-IR 나타났다. 따라서 규칙적이고 지속적인 유산소운동이 폐경 후 비만여성의 체조성, 내장지방, 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 HOMA-IR을 개선시키는 데 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2021

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), the main protein component that makes up LDL (Low density lipoprotein), consists of 4,536 amino acids and serves to combine with the LDL receptor. The oxidized LDL peptides by malondialdehyde (MDA) or acetylation in vivo act as immunoglobulin (Ig) antigens and peptide groups were classified into 7 peptide groups with subsequent 20 amino acids (P1-P302). The biomimetic peptide P143 (IALDD AKINF NEKLS QLQTY) out of C-group peptides carrying the highest value of IgG antigens were selected for structural studies that may provide antigen specificity. Experimental results show that P143 has β-sheet in Ile[1]-Asn[9] and α-helice in Gln[16]-Tyr[20] structure. Homonuclear 2D-NMR (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY) experiments were carried out for NMR signal assignments and structure determination for P143. On the basis of these completely assigned NMR spectra and proton distance information, distance geometry (DG) and molecular dynamic (MD) were carried out to determine the structures of P143. The proposed structure was selected by comparisons between experimental NOE spectra and back-calculated 2D NOE results from determined structure showing acceptable agreement. The total Root-Mean-Square-Deviation (RMSD) value of P143 obtained upon superposition of all atoms were in the set range. The solution state P143 has a mixed structure of pseudo α-helix and β-turn(Phe[10] to Glu[12]). These results are well consistent with calculated structure from experimental data of NOE spectra. Structural studies based on NMR may contribute to the prevent oxidation studies of atherosclerosis and observed conformational characteristics of apo B-100 in LDL using monoclonal antibodies.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.