• Journal of Apiculture
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

Beekeeping status of Apis cerana with emphasis of experiences overcoming sacbrood virus disease are presented. Social bee fauna are rich in Vietnam with 6 honeybee species (Apis laboriosa, Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis andrenifomis, Apis florea); 8 stingless bee species (Trigona laeviceps, Trigona ventralis, Trigona pagdeni, Trigona gressitti, Trigona fuscobalteata, Trigona capenteri, Trigona scintillans Trigona iridipenis) and 2 bumble bee species (Bumbus haemorrhoidalis, B. breviceps). All of them are native except A. mellifera which was introduced in1887. These bees are slated for conservation by the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development. Honey and other bee products are mainly harvested from 3 species including A. cerana, A. mellifera and A. dorsata. The manageable species (A. cerana and A. mellifera) are increasing in number, reaching about 1,500,000 beehives. Vietnam is the second largest honey exporter in Asia, with a total of about 48,000 tons of honey exported to the international market in 2014. A. cerana plays an important role in poverty alleviation in mountainous and remote areas of Vietnam. Honeybee suffers from various diseases of Sacbrood virus disease (SBV), European foulbrood (EFB), Nosema, and parasitic mites of Tropilaelaps mercedes and Varroa destructor. Most of these diseases can be resolved with biocontrol methods. For the parasitic mites, Vietnamese beekeepers usually apply formic acid.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2003

Cuticular hydrocarbons of antenna, legs and wings from two species of honeybee worker of Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana F. can be analyzed directly with gas chromatograph and GC/MS without solvent extraction. The saturated hydrocarbons identified in selected part of both species were nC22, nC23, nC25-nC3O, nC32 and nC34 except nC24. Two saturated hydrocarbons, nC26 (23.0-42.6%) and nC28 (16.8-54.8%), were major compounds in both species and others were minor compounds. A. mellifera can be distinguished from A. cerana F. by having higher proportion of nC30, nC32 and nC34 by having lower proportion of nC25 from three selected part of both species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 한국응용곤충학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.126-126
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• 2005

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

Bee's population is declining and disappearing at alarming rate. There are many factors responsible for declining the population of bees including diseases, natural enemies, environmental conditions and pesticides. Insecticides play its role dramatically for their population decline and neonicotinoid insecticides are critically important due to their wide application for pest control. Keeping in view of above problem, effect of neonicotinoid insecticides on olfactory learning behavior in Apis mellifera was observed using Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) method. In this method, bees were harnessed in centrifuges tubes and feed on insecticides mixed sugar solution after three hours hunger. Bees were checked by feeding on non-treated sugar solution to observe PER response. Minimum proboscis extension was observed for acetamiprid and imidacloprid with 26% and 20% respectively at their recommend field doses while it was maximum for dinotefuran and thiamethoxam with 73% and 60% respectively. Only 40% bees showed response when exposed at 1/10 concentration of field dose for imidacloprid and the least at 1/100 of field dose. At control (Sugar solution) about 90% bees showed PER response. Among these neonicotinoid insecticides tested, imidacloprid and acetamiprid were the most damaging which impaired the olfactory learning performance in Apis mellifera.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2020

The honeybee serves for most entomophilous flowers. They are a core species for maintaining the ecological system. Though the urban ecological system needs bees' mediation of pollination as well, we have little understanding on how the honeybee reacts to the physical environments of an urban city. This study is a basic research to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area and aims to review the urban environmental variables which are highly linked to the pollination mediations by the honeybee. The study composed a Maxent model by adopting nine urban environmental variables and the locations of the Apis mellifera's appearances around 52 spots in Seoul. The variables reflect the ecology of the Apis mellifera. Of the urban environmental variables used for the model composition, six variables were found as not having meaningful correlations with the Apis mellifera's appearances and finally, building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover were selected as the appearance variables of the Apis mellifera. The AUC, the reliability indicator of the final model was 0.791 (sd=0.077). And the importance data of the variables used for the model were 55.6%, 27.9%, and 16.5% for building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover, respectively. The result of the study showed that the building coverage has the highest correlation with the appearance of the honeybee. And, as per the actual vegetation, the artificially tree planted area as well as the cultivated field and meadow in an urban area were functioning as the most important environmental conditions for the honeybee to be inhabitable. The study is expected to be utilized as the base material for the urban planning and park green area planning to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.145-149
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• 1999

This study was designed to examine therapeutic effect of natural honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in pigs with arthritis. Pigs were assigned to treated and nontreated control groups. In treated group, 51 pigs were given natural honeybee venom once a day for 5 consecutive days. Acupoints of Sam-li, Jok-su and Pal-ja were stung by the natural honey bees. In control group, 46 pigs were intramuscularly injected with a standard dosage of penicillin G (400,000 IU/kg of body weight) once a day for 5 consecutive days. On day 5 following bee venom therapy, 73.9% of control pigs and 86.2% of pigs in treated group recovered from arthritis. Bee acupuncture therapy did not show any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage, or infection. It might be concluded that honeybee venom therapy was effective in controlling of pig with arthritis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.150-154
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• 1999

This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of Italian honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in piglets with bacterial diarrhea. Preweaning piglets were assigned to treated and nontreated control groups. In treated group, 47 piglets were given natural honeybee venom once a day for 3 consecutive days. The natural honeybees were stung acupoints of GV-1 (Jiao-Chao, at the indentation between the base of tail and the anus) and ST-25 (Hai-men, about 1 cm lateral to the umbilicus). In control group, 44 piglets were intramuscularly injected with a standard dosage of colistin sulfate (300,000 IU/kg of body weight) and antid-iarrheal drug (berberine, 2 ml/kg) once a day for 3 consecutive days. At post-treatment, 90.9% of control piglets and 93.6 % of piglets in treated group recovered from bacterial diarrhea. Bee acupuncture therapy did not show in piglets without any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage, or infection. It might be concluded that honeybee venom therapy was effective in controlling of piglets with bacterial diarrhea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.57-59
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• 2008

While searching for pancreatic lipase inhibitors, the active compound was found in a methanol extract of Apis mellifera venome. The active compound was isolated by Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and HPLC. The active compound is stable to the extreme pH and heat. There is no loss of activity both in acidic and alkaline solution in the pH range of 2 to 11 by heating for 15 minutes at $90^{\circ}C$. The rf value of the compound was 0.51 at TLC with butanol : methanol: water (4:1:2) solvent system. The molecular weight of the compound was determined to be 293 by EI-MS.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2017

Avoidance behavior is an important life history strategy to survive hazardous environment. The experiment was conducted to detect the avoidance tendency of the honeybee Apis mellifera against commonly used pesticides in apple production. Choice test given only 50% sucrose solution and pesticide-mixed sucrose solution as food estimated the avoidance in laboratory. Most of the acaricides and fungicides tested were shown avoided. Among insecticides, honeybee showed strong avoidance to cyhexatine, carbosulfan and fenpyroximate but low to diflubenzuron, tebufenpyrad, and acrinathrin. Avoidance behavior to neonicotinoid insecticides showed bifurcated; highly avoided from thiacloprid, acetamiprid while less avoided from imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran. From the field study, abamectin, fenthion, amitraz and acequinocyl showed highly avoided while fungicide of fenarimol, acaricides of acrinathrin and phosphamidon, IGR insecticide of diflubenzuron, neonicotinoid insecticide of imidacloprid, and carbamate insecticide of carbaryl showed less avoidance in the field. These results partly explained high bee poisoning from carbaryl in apple flowering period, and neonicotinoids during season.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.303-306
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• 2018

Drones of honeybee (Apis mellifera) have been regarded as a useful value only when mating with queen bee. However, the drone pupae have been reported to be nutritionally valuable, and a potential beekeeping product. In this study, drone pupae extracted with 5% acetic acid were used to measure anti-thrombosis related fibrinolytic activity using Strup and Mullertz fibrin plate method. As a result, the drone pupae extract showed higher effect of fibrinolytic activity(clear zone diameter 20.83mm) compared to the human plasmin (clear zone diameter 12.93mm) used as a positive control. It was suggested that the extract of drone pupae can be developed as a functional material helping prevention or treatment of various vascular diseases.