• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1987

The osteological characters of Aphyocypris chinensis of subfamily Leuciscinae were examined and the systematic position of this species is discussed through comparison with other species of subfamilies Leucisicinae and Cultrinae. Numbers of the dorsal an danal fin ray, having no symphyseal knob and barbels and separation between dermosphenotic and supraorbital, are in acord with those of subfamily Leuciscine, and the abdominal keel and trigemino-facial nerve foramen of the prootic are more closely related with those of subfamily Cultrinae. But several diagnostic characters detected only in this species are as follows ; 4 infraorbitals, the shape of ethmoid, 5-6 hypurals, the broad orbital width, having no extrascapular, incomplete lateral line and considerable small size.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.208-213
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• 2019

Spermatozoa of Aphyocypris chinensis was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The investiation revaled that, spermatozoa display a round head, a small midpiece and a long tail region. In the spermatozoa, the nucleus contains highly condensed homogeneous chromation with small electron lucent areas. The base of the nucleus is slightly invaginated laterally by the nuclear fossa which contains the proximal centriole. The two centrioles orientated at an obtus angle (130°) to each other. The midpiece encircles the flagellum and is completely separated from it by the cytoplasmic channel. The midpiece contains more than 12 mitochondria. The mitochondria are arranged in 4~5 layer and are asymmetrically distributed in the postnuclear cytoplasm. The mitochondria surround the proximal part of the flagellum. The flagellum has classical 9+2 axoneme and no lateral fins. The spermatozoa of A. chinensis are similar to those of other cyprinids having a spherical head with a shallow nuclear fossa, a short midpiece including the asymmetrical arrangement of mitochondria and the lateral insertion of flagellum. However, there are some differences in the orientation of centrioles and the number of the mitochondria.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4 s.96
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• pp.337-341
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• 2001

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of water temperature on the number of spawning, egg production, spawning intervals and hatching success of Chinese bleak, Aphyocypris chinensis. Adult fish were exposed to water temperatures of 19, 22, 25 and $28{\circ}^C$ for two months in the laboratory. The spawning number, egg productivity, and hatching rate increased as water temperature increased between $19{\circ}^C$ and $25{\circ}^C$. Maximum egg production and hatching rate occurred at $25{\circ}^C$, whereas the spawning intervals decreased as water temperature increased except for the treatment of $28{\circ}^C$. The shortest spawning interval observed at $25{\circ}^C$.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

To assess on the biological control potential with the native fishes, Aphyocypris chinensis, Oryzias sinensis, Misgurnus mizolepis, Pseudorasbora parva, Carassius auratus, Odontobutis interrupta were tested in relation to optimal condition controling mosquitoes in Seosan region. As a result of larvivorous activity for predation rate and temperature difference along kinds of native fishes, predation rate of Aphyocypris chinensis was the highest and predation rate of Misgurnus mizolepis was the lowest under the $23^{\circ}C$. Contrastively, predation rate of Aphyocypris chinensis and Odontobutis interrupta was the highest in least time. Predation rate of Misgurnus mizolepis was the lowest under the all temperature among six species fishes. Aphyocypris chinensis and Pseudorasbora parva in low, Carassius auratus, Misgurnus mizolepis and Odontobutis interrupta in bottom appeared high predation rate along the water depth. And predation rate of Oryzias sinensis was high as 95% at surface. As a result of measuring time taken to predate 50 mosquito larvae by 3 species fishes, two Aphyocypris chinensis took 10minutes, two Oryzias sinensis took 21min., two Misgurnus mizolepis took 45min. But one Aphyocypris chinensis and Misgurnus mizolepis took 8min., one Misgurnus mizolepis and Oryzias sinensis took 17min.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.4 s.51
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• pp.359-363
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• 2005

ESS (Embryo and sac-try stage) 독성 시험에서 시험어종으로서의 국내토착종인 왜몰개 (Aphyocypris chinensis)의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 아연(Zn)을 사용하여 국제적인 추천시험 어종인 송사리(Oryzais latipes)와 감수성을 비교하였다. 시험기간은 대조군에서 아사가 관찰되는 시기 즉, 왜몰개는 수정 후 8일, 송사리는 수정 후 16일로 하였으며, 시험기간 동안 수정란의 부화율, 수정란 및 난황단계의 치어(sar-fry)의 사망률, 형태적인 발달, 치어의 성장 등을 관찰 및 측정하였다. 두 종 모두 수정란의 생존율에 아연의 영향을 받았으며, LOEC는 모두 14.5 mg/L이었다 난황단계 치어의 사망률을 관찰한 결과, 왜몰개는 1.4mg/L부터 급격히 증가된 반면에 송사리는 14.5mg/L에서 $100\%$사망률이 관찰되었다. 시험물질에 노출된 왜몰개와 송사리 모두 척추변형이 관찰되었으며, 체장을 측정한 결과는 왜몰개가 송사리에 비해 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 결과들은 종합해 볼 때, ESS독성시험에서 왜몰개가 대체 시험어종으로서 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.395-404
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• 2000

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic Index (HSI), egg size distribution, gonad development and reproductive characteristics of venus fish, Aphyocypris chinensis, were examined during March 1997- March 1998 in agricultural waterways of the Sedo-myun, Puyo county, Chungnam Province, Korea. Annual reproductive cycle was classified into the following five successive phases by monthly changes in GSI and the characteristics of ovary: quiescent phase (January- February), secondary growing and mature phase (March-May), ripe and spawning phase (June-July), degenerating and resting phase (August-September) and primary growing phase (October-December). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) showed clear seasonal pattern with two separate peaks. However, it exhibited a negative correlation to changes of GSI values. The regression analysis suggested that fecundity showed a strong positive linear relationship ($r^2\;=\;0.91$, n = 34) with body weight. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.4 : 1 in the natural population during the study. The minimum reproductive size of female and male venus fish was 38 mm and 33 mm in fork length, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.4 s.118
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• pp.419-423
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• 2006

In this study, acute toxicity of four pesticides (diazinon, iprodione, fenproparthrin, and myclobutanil) to Chinese bleak, Aphyocypris chinensis, and to study their adverse effects were conducted in static systems. The 96-hr $LC_{50}$ values were determined, as well as 95% confidence limits. The 96-hr $LC_{50}$ values of these chemicals derived for Chinese bleak were rank ordered from the most toxic to the least toxic technicals as follows: Fenproparthrin (0.003 mg $L^{-1}$)>Myclobutanil (9.1 mg $L^{-1}$)>Diazinon (14.1 mg $L^{-1}$)>Iprodione (31.8 mg $L^{-1}$), The data presented in this study indicate the acute toxicity tests carried out on only one fish species may lead to erroneous determination of water quality criteria and classification of test chemicals for environmental management and regulatory purpose. Therefore, more studies comparing the susceptibility of a variety of fish species to various toxicants are needed.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.150.2-150
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• 1997

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 1989

A confined field assessment on the integrated control of vector mosquitoes (Anopheles sinen- sis and Culex tritaent'orhynchus) was conducted by timely treatment of Bacillus thuringiensis(H-14) formulation in the presence of larvivorous fish (Aplocheilus lalipes) in natural rice fields of $30,000M^2$ at Yongam, South Korea Cholla Province from July through October in 1988. In presence of larvivorous fish (Aplocheilus) at lower density of 0.6 fish per $M^2$ water surface, mosquito vector control rates ranged 55. 0~57. 6% from July through August, and when the mosquio density started to increase with over 10 larvae on the average per sample, B.t.(H-14) formulation treatment at the rate of 1. 0 Kg/ha made 100% vectors reduc¬tion in 24 hours, the control sustained above 98% until the test was terminated on October 11th. In the fish introduced rice paddies with Aphyocypris chinensis at the density of above 1. 5 fish per $M^2$, a satisfactory degree of vector control was obtained by 88. 2~96. 7% in 2 week period until September 21st. In the absence of larvivorous fishes, B.t. (H-14) treatment made 100% control in 24 hours, however, vector population rebound appeared in day 7, required to make additional treatment to suppress population down.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.381-400
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• 1985

Twelve species of subfamily Leuciscinae from Korea are reviewed and keys to species and genera are provided. The species include Tribolodon hakonensis, T. branti, Phoxinus phoxinus, Moroco oxycephalus, M. steindachneri, M. keumgang, M. semotilus, Zacco platypus, Z. temminckii, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, Aphyocypris chinensis and Squaliobarbus curriculus. In the present study M. lagowskii and O. bidens recorded previously in Korea have to be classified to M. steindachneri and O.u.amurensis based on several characters such as caudal peduncle depth, their distributions and lateral line scales, etc. A. chinensis from Korea is easily distinguished from that of mainland China in head length and caudal peduncle length. The skull and weberian apparatus of M. keumgang, endemir to Korea are described and compared with the other species of this subfamily. The diploid chromosome number of 9 species has three patterns: 2n=50 (T. hakonensis, P. phoxinus, M. oxycephalus, M. steindachneri and M. keumgang), 2n=48(Z. platypus, Z. temminckii and A. chinensis), 2n=76 (O. u. amurensis). Polyploidization or intraspecific polymorphism of chromosome was not observed in any species studied. Both species of P. phoxinus and A. chinensis are shown to be electrophoretically distinct from other taxa examined. The genera of subfamily Leuciscinae in Korea are represented by three possible groups: 1) Zacco-Opsariichthys-Tribolodon-Phoxinus-Morco, 2) Aphyocypris, and 3) Squaliobarbus.