• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

In this study, the reverberation characteristics of coupled spaces were investigated using a scale model. Two rooms were connected through an acoustically transparent opening known as an aperture. The acoustic characteristics of the coupled room by varying three parameters, the aperture opening size, the absorption ratio between the two rooms and the locations of the secondary room, were measured and analysed. The results indicated that a reverberant secondary room, produced large variations of the acoustics in the main room and an absorptive secondary room was effective to provide systematic control of the acoustics in the main room. The reverberant secondary room should be located at the rear of the stage and the aperture opening ratio over 6.25% produced large variations of the acoustics in the main room. However, the aperture opening ratio over 25% had no effect on variations of the acoustics in the main room. The absorptive secondary room should be located at the rear of the audience areas and the aperture opening ratio over 3.13% produced large variations of the acoustics in the main room.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.998-1009
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• 1999

In this paper, a microstrip aperture-patch antenna and a microstrip ring antenna, which have single microstrip line feeding systems for the circular polarization, are designed, and experimental results are presented at X-band. The microstrip aperture-patch antenna is characterized by its wide operating frequency range, and the microstrip ring antenna is suitable for a basic radiator in the large array antenna due to its small size. Several design parameters for these antennas are considered and analyzed to improve antenna characteristics such as VSWR bandwidth and axial ratio. Initially, the sizes of the aperture and ring radiator are determined on a basis of the cavity model, then shapes of the patch within the aperture and the inner stub of the ring are optimized using Ensemble software. Measurement results show that the aperture-patch antenna has 25% of VSWR bandwidth and 1.2dB of axial ratio at the boresight, and the ring antenna has 6.7% of VSWR bandwidth and 1.6dB of axial ratio at the boresight.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.577-580
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• 2004

To overcome with large size noise source distribution network design difficulty in interferometric radiometer system, especially for sub-Y-type array, a new on-board calibration technique using noise re-radiation is proposed in this paper. The suggested calibration technique is using noise re-radiation effect of center antenna after noise source injection from matched load. This approach is especially proper to sub-Y-type array interferometric synthetic aperture radiometer in mm-wave frequency band. Compared with noise injection network of a conventional synthetic aperture radiometer, the system mass, volume, and hardware complexity is reduced and cost-effective. Only one internal noise source, matched load, is used for injection using noise re-radiation technique a small set of sub-Y receiver channels is calibrated. Detailed calibration scenario is discussed and simulation results about noise re­radiation effect are presented.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.424-427
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• 2016

A microwave NDI(Nondestructive Inspecting) method, based on SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) for inspecting such internal flaws or physical demage of FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer), is proposed in this paper. When a microwave is incident perpendicularly toward a multilayer dielectric FRP material, it gives a good response for the interfaces or transverse cracks. Interface depths or defect positions can be presented from the reflection waves, as using SAR imagery technique. As a result, it can be shown that such a SAR system can effectively inspect the type, size, or location of flaws within FRP composite material.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.130-138
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• 2003

The classical image reconstruction for stripmap-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar is the Range-Doppler algorithm. When the spotlight-mode SAR system was envisioned, Range-Doppler algorithm turned out to fail rapidly in this SAR imaging modality. Thus, what is referred to as Polar format algorithm, which is based on the Plane wave approximation, was introduced for imaging from spotlight-mode SAR raw- data. In this paper, we have studied for the raw data processing schemes in the spotlight-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar. We apply the Wavefront Reconstruction scheme that does not utilize the approximation in spotlight-mode SAR imaging modelity, and compare the performance of target imaging with the Polar format inversion scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2012

In this paper, a miniaturized band-pass filter structure, which comprises the irises of small resonant aperture and L-type irises inverter, is proposed. Ridged circular aperture iris is chosen as an elementary resonator. L-type iris which is placed between two adjacent elementary resonators is newly proposed as impedance inverter in order to reduce longitudinal length of the proposed filter. The fabricated minimized filter has 400 MHz bandwidth at the 10 GHz center frequency and the whole size is reduced to 70 % in length compared to conventional filter.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.992-996
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• 1997

Study on sexual dimorphism in Littorphism in Littorina brevicula should be interesting to examine that how the species prevent niche-overlap between the sexes? and how the species act differently in the reproductive roles of the sexes? Sexual dimorphism on the shell of L. brevicula was examined with 211 periwinkles larger than 5 mm shell length in Pusan, Korea. Sexual dimorphism was detected in the aperture length only. Aperture length of the female was longer than that of the male. A difference in the sexual role in the reproduction seems to be a probable explanation for the sexual dimorphism in the aperture length. The reproductive role of the male is to choose the best female and to transfer the sperm successfully by copulation, and the role of the female is to spawn their fertilised eggs into the seawater successfully. Perhaps females migrate to lower elevations on the shore than the males, so that they are submerged when they spawn. Because wave action at the lower area of the shore is stranger than that at the higher area on the shore, the females might need larger aperture size than the males to avoid dislodgement.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2012

A three-dimensional discrete fracture network model was developed in order to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of a granitic rock mass at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT). The model used a three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN), assuming a correlation between the length and aperture of the fractures, and a trapezoid flow path in the fractures. These assumptions that previous studies have not considered could make the developed model more practical and reasonable. The geologic and hydraulic data of the fractures were obtained in the rock mass at the KURT. Then, these data were applied to the developed fracture discrete network model. The model was applied in estimating the representative elementary volume (REV), the equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensors, and the amount of groundwater inflow into the tunnel. The developed discrete fracture network model can determine the REV size for the rock mass with respect to the hydraulic behavior and estimate the groundwater flow into the tunnel at the KURT. Therefore, the assumptions that the fracture length is correlated to the fracture aperture and the flow in a fracture occurs in a trapezoid shape appear to be effective in the DFN analysis used to estimate the hydraulic behavior of the fractured rock mass.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-101
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• 2000

The fabrication of the submicron size hole has been interesting due to the potential application of the near field optical sensor or liquid metal ion source. The 2 micron size dot array was photolithographically patterned. After formation of the V-groove shape by anisotropic KOH etching, dry oxidation at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 600 minutes was followed. In this procedure, the orientation dependent oxide growth was performed to have an etch-mask for dry etching. The reactive ion etching by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system was performed in order to etch ~90 nm $SiO_2$ layer at the bottom of the V-groove and to etch the Si at the bottom. The negative ion energy would enhance the anisotropic etching by the $Cl_2$ gas. After etching, the remaining thickness of the oxide on the Si(111) surface was measured to be ~130 nm by scanning electron microscopy. The etched Si aperture can be used for NSOM sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.3-5
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• 2002