• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2000

Aperture is an important parameter for determining the hydraulic characteristics of fractured media. In this study the topography of artificial rock joint surface was measured using 3D laser profilometer to analyze the aperture distribution. The initial aperture distribution was determined when the contact area became one percent of total joint surface. The initial aperture distribution of granite joint, with the mean value of 0.78 mm and the standard deviation of 0.34 mm was much different from that of the marble joint, with the mean value of 0.57 mm and the standard deviation of 0.26 mm. Apertures of both granite and marble showed normal distributions. Aperture distribution with the contact area of 25% was also analyzed. Mean value was decreased to one third compared to the initial aperture, but the standard deviation was decreased slightly. To determine the spatial correlation of the aperture distribution variogram analysis was carried out on the initial aperture data. Most experimental variograms were fitted well with exponential model. It is expected that the measured aperture characteristics can be used for stochastic analysis of fluid flow through rock joints.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

Grouting works in fractured rocks have been performed to reinforce the underground and/or to block ground water flow at the foundation site of dam, bridge and so on. For the efficient grouting design, a prior knowledge of the fracture pattern of underground area to be grouted in very important. For the practical use, aperture sizes of open fractures that will be filled up with grouting materials will be kind of valuable information. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to develop a new technique (so called "GenFT") enable to form a three dimensional image of fracture aperture density distribution from Televiewer data. For this, the study is to focus on dealing with (1) estimating aperture size of each fracture automatically from Televiewer time image, (2) mapping extension of fracture planes on a given section, (3) evaluating aperture density distribution on the section by using both aperture size and fracture face mapping result of each fracture, (4) developing an algorithm that can transfer the previous results to any arbitrary(vertical and/or horizontal) section around the borehole. Since 3D imaging means "a strategy used to form an image of arbitrarily subdivided 2D sections with aperture density distribution", it will help avoid ambiguities of fracture pattern interpretation and hence will be of practical use not only for the design and assessment of grouting works but also for various engineering works. Examples of fields experiments are illustrated. It would seem that this technique might lead to reflecting future trend in underground survey.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Experimental examinations for evaluating fracutres were conducted by using transparent replicas of a single fracture in order to obtain the fracture data to contribute to the methodlogy on how to improve the definitaion of representative parameter values used for a parallel plate fracture model. Quantitative aperture distribution and quantitative tracer concentration data at each point in time were obtained by measuring the attenuation of transmitted light through the fracture in high spatial resolution. the representative aperture values evaluated from the multiple different measurement methods, such as arithmetic mean of aperture distribution measured by the optical method, transport aperture evaluated from the tracer test, and average aperture evaluated from the fracture void volume measurement converged to a unique value that indicates the accuracy of this experimental study. The aperture data was employed for verifying the numerical simulation under the assuption of Local Cubic Law and showed that the calculated flow rate through the fracture is 10%-100% larger than hydraulic test results. The quantitative tracer concentration data is also very valuable for validating existing numerical code for advection dispersion transport in-plane heterogeneous fractures.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.627-634
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• 2002

To facilitate a drilling plan for grouting in fractured rock, an algorithm of practical use associated with a new term “fracture density distribution”or“fracture tomogram”is developed. It is well known that Televiewer data(amplitude and traveltime image) provide detailed information about not only dip and dip direction of each fracture but also its aperture size estimated by an appropriate evaluation algorithm. A selected plane section of medium around a borehole or the cross section between two boreholes is discretized into a two dimensional grid of cells(rectangular elements). As each elongated(straight) fracture passes through the cells, the corresponding aperture size value is successively summed up in each cell, depending on the fracture length segment. In this, the fracture lines can be determined by intersecting of each fracture plane with the selected plane section. If the fracture line does not pass through a particular grid element, the segment length is set to zero. The final value(aperture size value of each cell) derived from all the detected fractures constitutes the fracture density distribution of the selected plane section, Field examples are illustrated, which will prove the benefit of the suggested algorithm for several kinds of grouting works.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2016

Room acoustic properties of coupled rooms connected by an aperture has been analyzed using statistical acoustic model based on the diffused sound field assumption, which has limitation in dealing with the parameters such an room geometries and non uniform absorptivity of the boundary surfaces. In order to overcome these difficulties the acoustic diffusion model has been introduced, by which distribution of the acoustic energy density can be analyzed for various shapes and wall absorptivity. In this study acoustic properties of coupled rooms connected by an aperture(e.g. door) is analyzed using acoustic diffusion equation, which is solved numerically. The mean energy densities of two rooms obtained by the diffusion model are compared with those from the statistical model. The results show good agreement for various coupling aperture sizes and absorption coefficients. For a limiting case when the partition wall is substituted by an aperture and the two rooms eventually forms a single room, results of coupled room analysis using diffusion model show good agreement with those of a single room.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

This paper presents the basic characteristics of a cutoff cavity-backed aperture antenna with a feed post and a parasitic post inserted parallel to the aperture. It is shown that this type of antenna forcibly resonates the cutoff cavity by adding a single external reactance to the parasitic post. The Galerkin's method of moments is used to analyze integral equations for the unknown electric current on each post and the aperture electric field on the aperture. The value of an external reactance for forced resonance is analytically obtained by deriving a determining equation. Also the current distribution on each post, aperture electric field distributions, and the radiation patterns are discussed. The theoretical analysis is verified by the measured return loss and radiation patterns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.485-495
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• 1998

Migration characteristics of tracers in a rock fracture in a case of line-source and line-collection was studied. The fracture plane was discretized into a square mesh to which variable apertures were assigned. The spatially varying apertures of a fracture were generated using a geostatistical method, based on a given aperture probability density distribution and a specified spatial correlation length. The flow potential and pressure at each node were computed. Calculations showed that fluid flow occurs predominantly through a few preferred paths. Hence, the large range of apertures in the fracture gives rise to flow channeling. The solute transport was calculated using a particle tracking method. The migration plumes of tracer between injection line and withdrawal line are displayed in contour plots. The elution curves are shown to be controlled by the aperture density distribution and to be insensitive to statistical realization and spatial correlation length.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1000-1006
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• 2006

정사각형 혼 안테나의 개구면을 $3{\times}3$의 도체 격자로 분할하여 이득을 개선하였다. 개구면상의 균일한 필드 분포를 얻기 위해서, 중앙과 가장자리의 격자에 두께가 서로 다른 유전체 판을 삽입하여 위상을 보상하였다. 12.5GHz 대역의 혼 안테나를 설계하여 FDTD 방법으로 개구면의 필드 분포를 해석하였고, 이로부터 복사 패턴을 계산하였다. 실제 측정한 결과, 격자형 개구면을 갖는 안테나의 이득은 18 dBi로 일반적인 혼에 비해 이득이 약 2 dB 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 공학논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1997

이 논문은 위성 지구국용 수정곡면 카세그레인 안테나를 설계하는 것이다. 수정곡면 카세그레인 안테나 설계는 다음과 같은 절차로 수행된다. 1) 원하는 안테나 사양을 만족하도록 개구면 전계분포 설계, 2) 적절한 구조 퍼래미터 결정, 3) 반사판 곡면 좌표 추출 등이다. 이를 위해서 개구면 전계 분포는 Hansen 단일변수 분포를 선택하고, 개구면에 의한 원거리 복사패턴은 각스펙트럼법을 이용하여 예측한다. 설계 주파수에서 정해진 사양을 만족하도록 개구면을 설계한 후, 이 분포가 다른 주파수에서도 사양에 만족되는지 확인한다. 주어진 급전 패턴이 설계된 개구면 분포로 변환되도록 주 및 부반사판 곡면을 합성한다. 곡면추출에 필요한 급전 패턴으로 빔웨이브 가이드의 복사패턴을 이용한다. 설계된 시스팀은 원형 개구면을 갖고, 좌우 대칭이며, 축들이 기울어지지 않는 구조를 갖는다. 종합보간법을 이산적 반사판 설계 데이터들에 적용하여, 연속적인 반사판 곡면 함수를 얻는다. 기저 함수로 JPS함수를 사용한다. 설계는 주파수 17.7-20.2GHz의 수신밴드와 27.5-30GHz의 송신밴드를 갖는 Ka밴드에서 동작하는 카세그레인안테나를 설계한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2016

Size reduction is one of the major pre-processing operations in using biomass as a source of energy or raw materials for forest products industry. The grinding characteristics of dried yellow poplar wood chips were investigated using laboratory knife mill with three different screen aperture diameters to provide the basic information for the optimizing of size reduction processes in biomass industry. Average specific energy consumptions were 0.157, 0.137, and 0.093 Wh/g for the screen aperture diameters of 5.0, 7.5, and 9.0 mm, respectively. According to the results of size distribution analysis of ground particles, the sizes of the most of ground particles were much smaller than the aperture diameters of the screens installed on knife mill used in this study.