• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.409-411
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• 1995

One patient developing left main coronary stenosis following double valve replacement is reviewed. Angina pectoris developed 5 months postoperatively. Coronary perfusion with a balloon tip perfusion catheter was performed during previous operation and was considered technically satisfactory. Coronary angiography confirmed stenosis of the left main coronary artery. There was no further coronary arterial disease. An anterior approach between the aorta and pulmonary artery to expose the left main coronary artery was used and patch angioplasty was done. Repeat coronary angiography showed a widely patent left main coronary artery with excellent runoff. A careful search for coronary arterial injury should be made in all symptomatic patients following aortic valve replacement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2018

Left main bronchus compression occasionally occurs in patients with cardiac disease. A 19-month-old female patient weighing 6.7 kg was admitted for recurrent pneumonia and desaturation. S he had an atrial septal defect (AS D) with a right aortic arch. Her left main bronchus had been compressed between the enlarged right pulmonary artery (RPA) and the descending thoracic aorta for 14 months. We conducted ASD closure and RPA anterior translocation via sternotomy. The left main bronchus compression was relieved despite the medium-term duration of compression.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.492-495
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• 1993

We experienced one case of surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm using retroperitoneal approach. The transperitoneal route has been the standard surgical approach for elective and emergency treatment of aneurysmal or occlusive disease. Among its cited advantages for aortic reconstruction are familarity with the exposure, easy access to the infrarenal aorta and iliac vessels, possibility of simultaneous inspection of the intra-abdominal viscera, and speed of opening and closure.Despite the proved versatility of the transperitoneal approach, it is commonly associated with prolonged ileus, increased third space fluid loss, and significant pulmonary complications. The retroperitoneal approach, on the other hand, has many advantages; excellent exposure for the repair of juxtarenal or suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and visceral vessel occlusive disease, fewer postoperative complications, decreased postoperative third-space fluid losses from intraoperative evaporation and ileus, and improved postoperative pulmonary function. Atherosclerosis was most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Dacron graft[18mm] was replaced successfully.Postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged in good condition.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.60.1-60.9
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• 2021

Background: Echocardiography is a primary tool used by veterinarians to evaluate heart diseases. In recent years, various studies have targeted standard echocardiographic values for different breeds. Reference data are currently lacking in Maltese dogs and it is important to fill this gap as this breed is predisposed to myxomatous mitral valve disease, which is a volume overload disease. Objectives: To establish the normal echocardiographic parameters for Maltese dogs. Methods: In total, 23 healthy Maltese dogs were involved in this study. Blood pressure measurements, thoracic radiography, and complete transthoracic echocardiography were performed. The effects of body weight, age and sex were evaluated, and the correlations between weight and linear and volumetric dimensions were calculated by regression analysis. Results: The mean vertebral heart size was 9.1 ± 0.4. Aside from the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and the left atrial to aorta root ratio, all the other echocardiographic parameters were significantly correlated with weight. Conclusion: This study describes normal echocardiographic parameters that may be useful in the echocardiographic evaluation of Maltese dogs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2002

목적: 대동맥근부 혹은 상행대동맥에 대한 재수술은 증가하고 있으나 재수술에 대한 결과 및 재수술을 예방할 수 있는 적절한 방법에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 대동맥근부 혹은 상행대동맥 질환에 대한 재수술 결과 및 재수술을 예방할 수 있는 적절한 방법에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 5월부터 2001년 4월까지 대동맥근부 혹은 상행대동맥 질환으로 재수술을 받은 환자 30명을 대상으로 후향, 조사하였다. 최종 선행수술에서 재수술까지 기간은 평균 56$\pm$50개월(3-142개월)이었다. 재수술 적응증으로는 진성 상행대동맥류 7명(23.3%), 인공판막심내막염이 6명(20%), 가성동맥류 5명(16.7%), Behcet씨 병과 관련한 대동맥판륜 주위 누출 4명(13.3%), 인공 대동맥판막 기능부전 4명(13.3%), 그리고 대동맥박리증 3명(10%) 및 대동맥판륜확장증 1명이었다. 재수술은 대동맥근부 치환술 17명(56.7%), 상행대동맥 치환술 8명(26.7%), 대동맥판-승모판 연속의 섬유체 및 판륜 재건을 이용한 이중판막치환술 2명, 패취를 이용한 상행대동맥 성형술 2명, Bentall 술식 후 이중판막 치환술 1명이었다. 수술은 7명에서 체외순환하에 흉골절개를 하였고 16명(53.3%)에서 완전순환정지를 이용하였다. 평균 순환정지 시간은 20$\pm$12분, 체외순환 및 대동맥차단 시간은 각각 228$\pm$56분과 143$\pm$64분이었다. 결과 조기 사망은 3명(10%)에서 있었다. 합병증으로는 재수술이 필요했던 출혈이 7명(23.3%), 심장 합병증 5명(16.7%), 일과성 급성 신부전 2명, 간질 발작 2명, 그리고 기타가 5명이었다. 술후 생존자 27명에서 평균 22.8$\pm$20.5개월을 추적조사한 결과: 만기사망은 2명(7.4%)에서 있었으며 술후 6년 actuarial survival rate는 92.6$\pm$5.0%였다. 대동맥근부 혹은 상행대동맥 재수술 후 다시 재수술이 필요하였던 경우는 1명이었고(3.7%), 술후 1년과 6년 재수술로부터의 actuarial freedom rate는 각각 100%와 83.3$\pm$15.2%이었다. Behce씨 질환이 있는 1명이 동종이식편으로 근부치환술 후 가성동맥류가 발생하여 재수술이 필요한 상태이다. 혈전색전증이나 항응고제 관련 합병증은 없었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 대동맥근부 혹은 상행대동맥의 재수술은 비교적 낮은 사망률과 이환율을 보이며 또한 재수술을 예방하기 위해서는 선행수술 및 재수술시 원인질환에 따른 적절한 수술 방법의 선택이 매우 중요할 것으로 사료된다

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.220-238
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• 1976

Six cases of congenital heart disease were operated on by means of cardiopulmonary bypass between December, 1975 and April, 1976. Two cases of ventricular septal defects (VSD), two cases of VSD, associated with ruptured aneurysm of sinus Valsalva, two cases of atrial septal defects (ASD) and one case of pulmonic stenosis with patent ductus arteriosus were operated. Sarns roller pumps and Bentley Temptrol oxygenators were used for extracorporeal circulation. Pump oxygenator was primed with Ringer's lactate solution, 5% dextrose in water, mannitol, and ACD blood. Flow rate ranged from 2.0 to $2.4L/M^2/min$. Bicarbonate was added to the oxygenator with estimated amount as 15 mEq/L/hr. Venous catheters were introduced into superior and inferior vena cava, and oxygenated blood was returned to the body through aortic cannula inserted into ascending aorta. Moderate hypothermia ($30^{\circ}C$) was induced by core cooling. Aorta was cross clamped for 15 minutes and released for 3 minutes, and repeated clamping when necessary. Atrial and ventricular septal efects were closed by direct sutures. Aneurysms of sinus Valsalva ruptured into the right ventricle were repaired through right ventriculotomy by d:rect closure with Dacron patch reinforcement. Cardiopulmonary bypass time varied from 66 to 209 minutes, and aorta cross clamping time ranged from 13 to 56 minutes. Postoperative bleeding was minimal except one case who needed for evacuation of substernal hematoma. Intra- and postoperative urinary output was satisfactory. Acid-base balance, partial pressure of $O_2$, electrolytes, and hematological changes during intra- and post-perfusion period remained at the acceptable ranges. No mortality was experienced.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2000

Vascular diseases are significant complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the endothelial cells may play a pivotal role in the development of vascular disease in DM. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) released from endothelium is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide and circulating level of ET-1 is increased in a variety of disease states. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of responsiveness to ET-1 in DM, and we experimented on the changes in the ET-1-induced contraction, levels of nitrite and lipid peroxidation, and ET-1 immunoreactivity in aorta from streptozotocin-induced DM rats. DM was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The immunoreactive ET-1 levels in endothelial layer of thoracic aorta were much higher in DM rats than control rats. Nitrite in tissue homogenate was decreased and plasma nitrite was increased in DM rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in DM rats and cGMP was not significantly different between control and DM rats. ET-1 produced concentration- dependent contractile responses that are significantly attenuated in DM rats compared to controls. In the presence of selective $ET_A$ receptor antagonist BQ610, the maximum contraction was decreased and the concentration ratios for BQ610 yielded $pA_2$ values of 7.3 (slope, 0.65) in control rats, whereas BQ610 had no antagonistic effect on ET-1-induced contraction in DM rats. However, pretreatment with BQ788, an $ET_B$ receptor antagonist, maximum response was decreased and the dose-response curves for ET-1 were shifted to the right in both groups and $pA_2$ values were 7.9 and 7.7 (slope, 1.05 in control and DM rats), respectively. IRL 1620 and sarafotoxin S6c, $ET_B$ agonists, induced relaxation in control rats but not in DM rats. These results indicate that endothelial cell dysfunction and enhanced immunoreactivity of ET-1 have been found in DM rat and ET-1-induced contraction was attenuated in DM rat. These attenuated responses might be at least in part caused by the alteration of $ET_A$ receptor properties (e.g. desensitization), and partly related with an alteration in intracellular mechanism for contraction to ET-1.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2008

결핵성 대동맥염은 그 빈도가 드문 질환이다. 이 결핵성 대동맥염으로 인한 합병증인 동맥류의 발생이나 대동맥-기관지루의 형성은 더욱 희귀하며, 만일 대동맥의 파열이 동반된다면 그 사망률은 치명적으로 매우 높다. 객혈을 주소로 내원한 환자가 있다면, 결핵의 병력이 없더라도 즉시 흉부 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 시행해야 신속하고 정확하게 이 질환을 진단할 수 있다. 환자는 46세 남자로, 내원 하루 전부터 시작된 객혈과 흉부 불편감을 주소로 내원하였다. 시행한 흉부 컴퓨터 단층촬영상 하행성 흉부 대동맥의 동맥류 소견이 관찰되었으며, 대동맥-기관지루를 통해 좌측 폐하엽과 연결되어 있었다. 본원에서는 하행성 흉부 대동맥의 인조혈관 치환술 및 좌측폐하엽 절제술을 시행함으로써 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 조직학적 검사 결과 결핵으로 확진되어 항결핵제 치료를 시작하였으며, 향후 장기간의 항결핵제 복용이 추천된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 1989

Since we first performed open heart surgery on December 30, 1986, 126 cases were operated on up to August 31, 1989. Among the 126 cases, 65 cases were congenital heart disease of which 63 were acyanotic disease, and 61 cases were acquired heart disease, most of which were valvular heart disease. The age distribution of congenital heart disease was from 1 years 2 months to 48 years, and males had a slightly higher incidence. The age of acquired heart disease was from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of 68 years, and the male to female ratio was 1;1.5. Midsternotomy was performed in all cases, and the aortic cannula was inserted through ascending aorta and the venous cannula inserted into the SVC and IVC through the right atrium. Vent was inserted through the right superior pulmonary vein. Cardioplegia solution was used in all cases; it was composed of sodium bicarbonate 3.5 ampule, KCL 14 mEq, 2% lidocaine 2.5 ml, 20 % albumin 50 ml and heparin 1000 units mixed to 950 ml with Hartman solution, and was made to 4oC and infused 10 ml per Kg every 20 minutes. The congenital heart disease had a variety of VSD in 32 cases, ASD 23 cases, PS 6 cases, PDA 2 cases, and one case each of Ebsteins anomaly and tricuspid atresia. The operations performed for acquired heart disease were 4 cases of OMC, 33 cases of MVR, and 5 cases of AVR, and 1 case of AVR with CABG. DVR was perfomed in 13 cases, and triple valve replacement was done in 1 case. Other than these, excision of LA myxoma was 2 cases, and repair of traumatic VSD and removal of a pulmonary embolism were one case each. The surgical mortality was 5 cases[4%], all of which occurred in valve replacement cases. Follow-up study revealed 2 late deaths. One died after a traffic accident and one died due to sepsis after he had received a gastrectomy for ulcer bleeding. The remaining patients were in good condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.300-308
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• 1987

Clinical and pathologic data were reviewed in 20 patients who had have surgery for isolated aortic valvular heart disease between April 1978 and April, 1987. Hospital mortality was 10%, with no additional late mortality during a mean follow-up period of 24.1 months. Prosthetic valve failure developed in 3 patients and two had reoperation. Niety four percent of the survivors who were in NYHA Funtional class III or IV before operation are now in class I or II. Ninety percent of all patients are still alive at a maximum follow up of 9 years. The clinical histories, gross and histologic examination of valves estabilished the causes for isolated aortic valve disease: 3 rheumatic, 2 congenital bicuspid, 2 hypertention, 2 aortitis and each one case of floppy valve, medial cystic necrosis of aorta, bacterial endocarditis. But etiology was unknown in 8 cases. Sixteen patietns had myxoid degeneration, defined as significant disruption of the valve fibrosa and its replacement by acid mucosaccharides and cystic changes. Myxoid degeneration was also the primary pathologic abnormality in the patients with 2 hypertention, 2 rheumatic, 1 aortitis, 1 bacterial endocarditis, 1 floppy valve, 1 congenital bicuspid. The patients with myxoid degeneration of uncertain origin were 8. Histologic finding of all of them revealed nonspecific patients with myxoid degeneration of uncertain orgin were 8. Histologic finding of all of them revealed nonspecific chronic valvulitis with myxoid degeneration. This finding may indicate that the etiology w uld be infectious.