• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of anxiety-depression and maternal fetal attachment between pregnant women with preterm labor and normal pregnant women. The number of subjects was 132 convenienced sample. The sample were 66 pregnant women with preterm labor admitted in clinics and 66 normal pregnant women visited OB outpatient department at 1 general hospital in Busan. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire from Aug. 1st to Oct, 31th. 2006 and were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, chi-square test using SPSS/Win PC+ 12.0. The research results were as follows: 1. The general characteristics between normal and preterm pregnancy were homogeneous. 2. It was significantly differed according to anxiety-depression between two groups, but it was not significantly differed according to maternal fetal attachment. 3. There were negative correlations with anxiety-depression and maternal fetal attachment. In conclusion, the special program should be created for each pregnant women and ante-natal nursing service may assessed and consulted on anxiety-depression and maternal fetal attachment, and needed the development of professional and educational nursing intervention on anxiety-depression and maternal fatal attachment enhancement in prenatal health care.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this research is to determine the effects of depression and anxiety symptoms of schizophrenic psychopathology on the HPA axis. Methods : Twenty patients with schizophrenia were included and divided into the medication non-exposed group(n = 10) and the medication exposed group(n = 10). Evaluated scales were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS), Hamilton Depression Inventory(HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAM-A), and then the combined Dexamethasone/Corticotropin Releasing Hormone(DEX/CRH) test was conducted to determine the basal level, the peak level and the area under the curve(AUC) of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH). Results : When the correlations between each psychopathology and cortisol level or ACTH AUC value were analyzed, HAM-D showed a negative correlation, whereas HAM-A showed a positive correlation. Also, the non-depression group(HAM-D ${\leq}$ 18) showed higher cortisol and ACTH concentrations than the depression group(HAM-D > 18), and the anxiety group(HAM-A ${\geq}$ 14) showed significantly higher concentrations than the non-anxiety group(HAM-D < 14)(p < 0.05). Also, as for the comparison between the medication non-exposed group and the medication exposed group, the non-exposed group showed significantly higher cortisol and ACTH concentration than exposed group(p < 0.05). Conclusion : This study suggest that anxiety symptoms rather than depression symptoms are related to the increased activity of the HPA axis of schizophrenics.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the change of informal labeling self-respect, depression/anxiety, and aggression of adolescents over time and relationship between the intercept and the growth of the variables. Method: 4-year longitudinal panel data(n=2,699), Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS), were analyzed to verify the influence of informal labeling on self-respect, depression/anxiety, and aggression of adolescents. Through latent growth modeling, temporal change of the variables was examined. Results: Analytic results are as follow. First, the initial status of informal labeling had a negative impact on the initial status of self-respect. The slope of informal labeling also had a negative impact on the slope of self-respect. In contrast, the initial status of informal labeling did not have an significant impact on the slope of self-respect. Second, the initial status of informal labeling had a positive impact on the initial status of aggression. The slope of informal labeling had a negative impact on the slope of aggression. In contrast, the initial status of informal labeling did not have an significant impact on the slope of aggression. Third, the initial status of informal labeling had a positive impact on the initial status of depression/anxiety and a negative impact on the slope of depression/anxiety. The slope of informal labeling had a positive impact on the slope of self-respect. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance of informal labeling on self-respect, depression/anxiety, and aggression of adolescents.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2018

Background: Sleep disturbance and depression are becoming more recognized as important symptoms among individuals with chronic low back pain. This study evaluated the effect of stabilization exercise on pain-related disability, sleep disturbance and the psychological status of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Methods: A total of 26 patients (M/F = 17/9) with NSCLBP with a mean age of $50.0{\pm}15.5$ took part in this study. Participants were recruited from selected hospitals in Lagos state. Ethical approval was sought and obtained from the health research and ethics committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria. Participants performed stabilization exercise for eight weeks consecutively and were assessed for pain-related disability, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance using the pain-disability index, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the insomnia severity index at baseline, the 4th week, and the 8th week, postintervention. Results: The participants studied recorded significant reduction in pain-related disability (P = 0.001). There was also improvement in the sleep quality (P = 0.001), depression level (P = 0.001), and anxiety level (P = 0.001), post intervention. Conclusions: This study revealed that stabilization exercise is very useful in the management of sleep disturbance, pain-related disability, depression, and anxiety in NSCLBP patients.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.99-111
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discriminate important variables among general self-efficacy, peer attachment, and parent-child communication that could predict internalizing problems(anxiety, depression) of Korean children of divorce. The participants were 101 children aged from 10 to 13. They completed questionnaires and discriminant function analyses were performed. The results showed that (a) the discriminant function derived from 3 variables was effective in classifying high, moderate, and low group of children's anxiety and depression, (b) parent-child communication plays a key role in predicting anxiety and general self-efficacy plays a key role in predicting depression of Korean children of divorce, (c) but peer attachment plays a significant role only to predict depression. This means that anxiety and depression of Korean children of divorce result from different kind of interactions among children's important contexts.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of anxiety, depression and self-esteem on the amount of smoking and nicotine dependency among woman smokers. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 121 unmarried woman smokers. The STAI, the CES-D Scale, the Self-Esteem scale and the FTQ were utilized to measure the level of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and nicotine dependency. The amount of smoking was calculated based on the number of cigarette used. Results: Results indicated that woman smokers were depressed. Nicotine dependency was relatively low. Subjects had smoked a mean of 9.58 cigarettes per day. The level of depression influenced on smoking and nicotine dependency. Self-esteem influenced on the amount of smoking and anxiety influenced on nicotine dependency. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the amount of smoking of unmarried woman smokers was very high. Both the amount of smoking and nicotine dependency were affected by levels of depression. Education programs and campaigns are needed to prevent smoking of young adult women.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2021

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for people with an addiction tendency. This study aims to implement a CBT program for college students at high risk of smartphone addiction and investigate the impact of the program on their desire to use a smartphone, depression, impulsivity, and anxiety. Baseline/post-intervention evaluation and the ABA' single-case experimental design were used. The study consisted of the baseline phase (A), pre-evaluation, intervention phase (B), post-evaluation, and baseline phase (A'). Six participants were enrolled, and the main outcome variables were daily changes in the desire to use a smartphone and changes in depression, impulsivity, and anxiety after the program. Prior to the intervention, all six participants had mild to moderate depression, but after the intervention, three were normal, two had mild depression, and only one had moderate depression. Impulsivity and anxiety scores decreased after the intervention, with anxiety scores showing the most dramatic change. The percentage of non-overlapping data for the baseline phase (A)-intervention phase (B) was more than 75% and that for baseline phase (A)-baseline phase (A') was 100% for all 6 participants. This study presented a good protocol for people with low access to psychological therapy. We expect the findings will be highly useful for people suffering from psychological difficulties due to smartphone addiction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.345-351
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• 2010

Objective : In this study, the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program was applied to patients presenting with depression and anxiety after surgery from spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the effects were assessed. Methods : The subjects were patients admitted for cerebral aneurysm rupture and treated by means of surgery from March to December, 2007. More than 6 months had passed after surgery, without any special lesions showing up on computed tomography (CT), and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was 5 points. Among patients with anxiety and depression symptoms, 11 patients completed the program. The MBSR program was conducted once a week, 2.5 hours each, for 8 weeks. The evaluation criteria were : 1) the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI): it measures the type and level of depression, 2) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory : the anxiety state of normal adults without mental disorder, and 3) Heart Rate Variability (HRV) : the influence of the autonomous nervous system on the sinoarterial node varies continuously in response to the change of the internal/external environment. Results : The BDI value was decreased from 18.5 ${\pm}$ 10.9 to 9.5 ${\pm}$ 7.1 (p = 0.013) : it was statistically significant, and the depression level of patients was lowered. The state anxiety was decreased from 51.3 ${\pm}$ 13.9 to 42.3 ${\pm}$ 15.2; the trait anxiety was reduced from 50.9 ${\pm}$ 12.3 to 41.3 ${\pm}$ 12.8, and a borderline significant difference was shown (p = 0.091, p = 0.056). In other words, after the treatment, although it was not statistically significant, a decreased tendency in anxiety was shown. In the HRV measurement, standard deviation normal to normal (SDNN), square root of the square root of the mean sum of squared differences between adjacent normal to normal intervals (RMSSD), and total power (TP) showed significant increase, Physical Stress Index (PSI) showed a significant reduction, and thus an improvement in the homeostatic control mechanism of the autonomic nervous system was ween. Conclusion : The MBSR program was applied to the patients showing anxiety and depression reaction after SAH treatment, and a reduction in depression symptoms and physiological reactions were observed. The application of the MBSR program may be considered as a new tool in improving the quality of life for patients after surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.3 s.205
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• pp.105-118
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• 2005

The purposes or this study were to compare and analyze the differences between the elderly in their own home and those in facilities in terms of their self-esteem, death anxiety, depression level and psychological characteristics. The subjects were the 386 elderly over 55 living in home and in facilities, free or paid. They had no physical or cognitive disabilities and were living in Daegu city, Kyungbuk and Kyungnam province. There were significant differences in self-esteem, death anxiety, depression level and the path to depression between the two elderly groups with the elderly in facilities showing negative aspects of psychological characteristics. The problems of caregiving for the elderly should be covered by social welfare.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of recovery and influential factors on the quality of recovery after cardiac surgery. Methods: 198 patients undergone cardiac surgery were asked to fill in a self-reported questionnaire about the quality of recovery, anxiety, depression including social support at discharge. The collected data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, correlation and stepwised multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of quality of recovery at discharge after cardiac surgery was 2.04 on a 3 point scale. Influential factors on the quality of recovery after cardiac surgery were depression(p=.001) and anxiety(p=.027), which disclosed 44.2% of explanation. Depression was the most influential factor. Conclusion: The influential factors on the quality of recovery at discharge after cardiac surgery were depression and anxiety. More studies will be required to reduce depression and anxiety in patients undergone cardiac surgery.