• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.301-316
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• 2022

Objectives: To compare Korean medicine (KM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) psychotherapy for anxiety. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System were comprehensively searched. Prospective clinical studies on KM or TCM psychotherapy for patients with anxiety disorder or individuals with elevated anxiety levels published up to August 3, 2022 were reviewed. Psychotherapy was divided into counselling, art therapy, and meditation according to its characteristics. Results: A total of 12 clinical studies were reviewed, including nine randomized controlled trials. The most common disorder investigated was post-traumatic stress disorder. Ten studies used TCM psychotherapy and two used KM psychotherapy. As for differences between TCM psychotherapy and KM psychotherapy, TCM psychotherapy utilized pattern identification in the procedure more actively than KM psychotherapy. In addition, some TCM studies have attempted to directly converge Western psychotherapy (i.e., hypnosis) and Eastern psychotherapy (i.e., Taoin qigong therapy). In the case of KM psychotherapy, there was an attempt to incorporate psychotherapy with Sasang constitutional medicine. Reported effects of TCM psychotherapy and KM psychotherapy on anxiety were positive. Conclusions: Research status of KM psychotherapy and TCM psychotherapy for anxiety was investigated, revealing some of their characteristics, commonalities, and differences. Findings of this review have the potential to provide a clue to the development of conventional KM psychotherapy and new medical technology for KM psychotherapy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

It has been reported that stressful events in early life influence behavior in adulthood and are associated with different psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Maternal separation (MS) is a representative animal model for reproducing childhood stress. It is used as an animal model for depression, and has well-known effects, such as increasing anxiety behavior and causing abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study investigated the effect of MS on anxiety or aggression-like behavior and the number of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Mice were separated from their dams for four hours per day for 19 d from postnatal day two. Elevated plus maze (EPM) test, resident-intruder (RI) test, and counted glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or parvalbumin (PV) positive cells in the hippocampus were executed using immunohistochemistry. The maternal segregation group exhibited increased anxiety and aggression in the EPM test and the RI test. GAD67-positive neurons were increased in the hippocampal regions we observed: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. PV-positive neurons were increased in the DG, CA3, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. Consistent with behavioral changes, corticosterone was increased in the MS group, suggesting that the behavioral changes induced by MS were expressed through the effect on the HPA axis. Altogether, MS alters anxiety and aggression levels, possibly through alteration of cytoarchitecture and output of the ventral hippocampus that induces the dysfunction of the HPA axis.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

30% of patients with panic disorder (PD) show treatment-resistant and chronic waxing and waning course. Therefore, adequate treatment strategies for PD by evidence based pharmacotherapy and combined cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are recommended. Regarding how and why CBT for PD works, three hypotheses include the cognitive theory, anxiety control theory, and behavioral theory were discussed. The recent findings that the altered activation in frontal lobe is normalized after CBT, suggest a reduction of an altered top-down fear processing in the neural correlates of CBT in PD. In order to improve accessibility to CBT, brief CBT and internet based CBT for PD were suggested. Despite limitations of sample sizes and study design, most of studies suggest that brief CBT is more effective than control conditions, and even as equally effective as standard CBT. The evidences suggest that internet based CBT may not be significantly different from face-to-face CBT in reducing anxiety. Several advances within the field of third-wave CBT for PD have led to the development of new techniques based on mindfulness, such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Based on Korean algorithm project for panic disorder, especially the psychological education and cognitive reconstruction components were recommended in CBT with PD.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2022

이 연구는 청소년들의 범불안장애와 스마트폰 과의존의 관계에서 신체활동의 매개효과를 확인하는데 목적을 둔다. 청소년 시기 스마트폰 이용으로 인한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 신체활동을 통한 청소년의 건강증진 프로그램의 필요성을 찾고자 하였다. 연구 목적을 위하여 교육부·보건복지부·질병관리청에서 공동으로 실시한 2020년 청소년건강행태조사자료를 이 연구의 분석 자료로 활용하였으며, SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 빈도분석, 다중회귀분석 그리고 3단계 매개효과 분석을 실시하여 검증을 시도하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 범불안장애는 신체활동과 부적(-)인 관계가 있고 신체활동 역시 스마트폰 과의존과 부적(-)인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 범불안장애와 스마트폰 과의존 경험 관계에서 신체활동의 매개효과를 분석한 결과 신체활동은 유의미한 매개변수인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체활동은 범불안장애와 스마트폰 과의존 경험의 관계에서 부분매개효과가 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 개인 스포츠활동보다는 팀스포츠활동을 통해 신체활동을 높이는 것은 스마트폰사용을 줄이는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of myofascial release technique (MFR) on psychological and physical symptom in somatization with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on this, proceed to present an effective physical treatments. Methods: In this study, three subjects were applied ABA design for a total of 12 weeks. Intervention was performed three times per week, and only MFR for 6 weeks was applied to the patient for 60 minutes. General physical therapy consisted of a total of 60 minutes including hot pack, electric therapy, and ultrasound. In this study, we measured three times in the second baseline stage at the initial evaluation before the commencement of intervention, somatization, depression, anxiety, sleep disorder, and pain after 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Results: In this study, the application of MFR showed significant differences in somatization symptoms, sleep disturbance, and headache. There was no significant difference in depression and anxiety. Conclusions: As a result, the application of MFR in PTSD patients with somatization can be suggested as a useful intervention to resolve the psychosomatic problem.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activation due to various cognitive processes. EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in studies investigating psychopathology and neural substrates of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to review recent ERP studies in child and adolescent psychiatry. ERPs are non-invasive methods for studying synaptic functions in the brain. ERP might be a candidate biomarker in child-adolescent psychiatry, considering its ability to reflect cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. For the EEG study of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents, several ERP components have been used, such as mismatch negativity, P300, error-related negativity (ERN), and reward positivity (RewP). Regarding executive functions and inhibition in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), P300 latency, and ERN were significantly different in patients with ADHD compared to those in the healthy population. ERN showed meaningful changes in patients with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depression showed significantly attenuated RewP compared to the healthy population, which was related to the symptoms of anhedonia.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

We reviewed the scientific literature on psychological effects of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive (CBRNE) disaster, which is one of the biggest threat to modern society. CBRNE disaster has the potential to cause specific physical symptoms and psychological distress in victims ; moreover, various toxic symptoms and carcinogenesis/mutation would be an important issue. Bioterrorism can cause localized outbreaks of infectious disease or pandemic disaster. Somatization as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms and depression are the characteristic psychological symptoms in CBRNE disaster's victims. CBRNE disasters could lead to large-scale public fear and social chaos due to the difficulties involved in verifying the extent of exposure and unfamiliar area to the common people. In the evacuation process, problems associated with adjustment and conflict between victims and residents should be considered.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of Ling-Gui-Gan-Zao-Tang for patients of panic disorder. Method : To achieve the purpose of this study, Ling-Gui-Gan-Zao-Tang was prescribed for three months to two different patients of panic disorder. They were diagnosed as panic disorder in department of neuropsychiatry, and had no other prescribed decoction or psychotherapy. Results : 1. The BAI score for anxiety were decreased in both patients, and they got improved overall symptoms. 2. In panic attack, patients are in dominant state of sympathetic nerve, so they have palpitaion and get nervous. Fu-Ling(茯笭) can treate this kind of situation. 3. Based on and , urgent situation, over-tension of muscles, hot flash can be treated Gancao(甘草), Dazao(大棗), Guizhi(桂枝) respectively. Conclusions : When panic disorder attaks, the sympathetic nerves are dominant in patient's body. So they feel palpitating, sweating, suffocating. Ling-Gui-Gan-Zao-Tang can treat this series of symptoms.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to report the clinical effectiveness of the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L (Mindfulness & Loving presence) psychotherapy on the patient with panic disorder. Methods: The subject for this study was the patient diagnosed with panic disorder who complained about intermittent panic attack and accompanying insomnia. During the treatment period, the patient received complex Korean therapy and M&L psychotherapy. The clinical effects were evaluated through Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: After the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L psychotherapy, the overall symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic disorder and insomnia of the patient were lessened in a relatively short period. No specificities or adverse effects were reported during the treatment period. Conclusions: This study established that the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L psychotherapy was effective in treating patients with panic disorder.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2006

연구목적 : 본 연구는 불안장애 환자들과 정상대조군을 대상으로, 심박변이도(heart rate variability, HRV)를 이용해서 자율신경계의 심장조절기능을 비교하고 그 생리학적 의미를 살펴보고자 한 것이다. 또한 불안장애 환자들에게 세로토닌재흡수억제제 (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI)를 투여한 뒤 투여전과 투여후를 비교해보고 치료효과를 판정하여 임상적 적용가능성을 고찰해보고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-IV의 진단기준에 의하여 불안장애로 진단받은 환자 30명과 정상대조군 30명을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 불안증상의 심각도를 평가하기 위하여 Hamilton Anxiety Scale을 사용하였으며 정상대조군은 학생과 의사, 간호사 그리고 병원에 근무하는 직원들이었다. 검사는 불안장애 환자군과 정상대조군의 HRV를 측정한 후 시영역과 주파수 영역별로 분석하였다. 그리고 불안장애 환자들을 대상으로 SSRI 투여전과 투여 뒤 4주후 HRV를 측정하였다. SSRI 약물로는 fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline을 사용하였다. 통계적 검증은 SPSS-Windows (version 10.0)을 이용하여 independent t-test, chi-square test, 그리고 paired t-test를 사용하였다. 결과: 불안장애 환자군과 정상대조군의 연령, 성별의 유의한 통계적 차이는 없었으며, 치료 후의 Hamilton Anxiety Scale 점수는 치료전과 비교하여 유의하게 감소되었다.(p<0.05). 정상대조군과 치료전 불안장애군을 비교하였을 경우, 치료전 불안장애군이 시간영역변수들인 RMSSD, SDNN에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 또 주파수 영역 변수들을 살펴보면, 치료 전 불안장애 환자군이 정상대조군에 비해 TP, VLF, LF, HF에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며 LF/HF는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 불안장애 환자군에서 SSRI 치료 전과 치료 후의 HRV 변인들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 치료전 불안장애군이 정상대조군에 비하여 감소된 HRV를 나타내었고, 불안장애 환자군을 대상으로 한 SSRI 치료전후 비교에서는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. SSRI제제들이 자율신경의 활성을 반영하는 HRV의 인자에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 결과가 나타난 것이지만, 향후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.