• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 1991

The antioxidative effects of the six commercial lecithins, tocopherols, citric acid and ascorbyl palmitate on refined perilla oil were inverstigated by active oxygen method ($AOM,\;hrs\;at\;97.8^{\circ}C$) and oven test. Except for the lecithin I (aceton insoluble content 55%), the induction time on perilla oil treated with commercial lecithins at 5% level was longer than that of refined soybean oil. When the concentration of lecithin (0.5, 1, 2.5, 4 and 5%) in perilla oil was increased, enhanced the antioxidative effect at AOM and oven test. Lecithin also showed synergistic effect with the mixtures of tocopherol, citric acid and ascorbyl palmitate. The antioxidative effect of ${\gamma}-rich-tocopherol$ on perilla was higher than that of ${\dalta}-rich-tocopherol$ or mixed tocopherol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.893-899
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• 2000

To measure antioxidative activities, the various extracts from Ulmus devidiana were examined in oil emulsion. Water, ethanol, methanol and butanol were used as extract solutions. The activity oxygen species ($H_2O_2,-OH,\;KO_2$) bound the extracts for antioxidative activities were excellent. The extracts bound $Fe^{2+}$ ion and $Cu^{2+}$ ion showed effective antioxidative activities and strong chelating effects. The concentration of $Fe^{2+}$ ion and total ion in ethanol and methanol extracts from Ulmus devidiana root parts (Chinese) were higher than those of the other products. The highest superoxide dismutase-like activities showed butanol extracts from Ulmus devidiana root parts (Chinese) and water extracts from Ulmus devidiana bark parts (Korean). Electron donating abilities and nitric scavenging abilities of ethanol, methanol and butanol extracts were higher than those of water extracts. The nitrite scavenging abilities also reached the maximum at pH 1.2 and the minium at pH 6.0.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1135-1141
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• 2007

In recent year, We are concerned in anti-aging, disease-protection, long-life, many method are used in solving this problem. Recently, We heard that Luffae Fructus Retinervus(LFR) has effect of anti-aging, disease-protection, long-life. So I let made a experiment for this result. The purpose of this study is to; 1) the anti-oxidant effect of Luffae Fructus Retinervus(LFR) used for 3 methods, those are DPPH radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide(NO) radical scavenging activity, Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, 2) cultivation 3T3-L 1 Preadipocytes and Protein chip used for ProteoPlexTM 16-Well Murine Cytokine Array Kit. We measured level of DPPH radical scavenging activity. And we experienced that the ability of DPPH radical's elimination was increased by rising concentration of LFR. When the concentration of LFR was 5 mg/ml, the ability of DPPH radical's elimination was Maximum. We measured level of Nitric oxide(NO) radical scavenging activity. And we founded that the ability of NO radical's elimination was significant when concentration of LFR was from 1.25 mg/ml to 2.5 mg/ml. We measured level of Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. And we founded that the ability of Superoxide anion radical's elimination was maximum when concentration of LFR was 0.3125 mg. When we inspected Antioxidative Effects with BSA, we experienced that ability of defense was increased by rising concentration of LFR. We known the immunity of LFR about 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and gained the increase of Cytokines(IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF) without IL-12p70, $INF-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ So I guess that Luffae Fructus Retinervus(LFR) has effects of anti-aging, disease-protection, long-life, etc.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.335-338
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• 2003

It is thought that highly reactive oxygen species generated after strokes plays a key role in damaging the brain. We examined free radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects of several medicinal herbs in a rat model of transient ischemia. Free radical scavenging property of medicinal herbs was examined in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl stable free radical. Transient ischemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 120 min, followed by reperfusion for 22 hr in rats. Aqueous extracts of 8 medicinal herbs (200 mg/kg) were orally administered twice to transient ischemic rat prior to reperfusion and 2 hr after reperfusion. Total infarction volume in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the ischemia-reperfusion was significantly decreased in 7 groups treated with Sophora flavescens, Lycopus lucidus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Caesalpinia sappan, Albizia julibrissin, Rubia akane, Psoralea corylifolia, or Prunella vulgaris. However, neuroprotective effects of these medicinal herbs were not correlated with their antioxidative activities. These results suggest that these medicinal herbs exert neuroprotection via antioxidative as well as unknown mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.512-524
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and water in the preparation of bread. The optimal sensory composite recipe was determined by producing bread with different levels of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and water. The analysis was performed using response surface methodology and a sensory evaluation was performed with the data. Ten experimental recipes, including two with reference points in the composition, were selected. In terms of the antioxidative effects of Mori Cortex Radicis powder, the $IC_{50}$ for total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were 149.56 GAE/g dry powder and 137.77 /mL respectively. Measurement results of the mechanical properties showed differences in volume (p<0.05), baking loss (p<0.05), yellowness (p<0.01), lightness (p<0.01), redness (p<0.01), hardness (p<0.01) and springiness (p<0.05). The sensory measurements showed significant values for color (p<0.05), appearance (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.01), taste (p<0.01), and overall quality (p<0.01). Overall, based on numerical and graphical methods, the optimal formulation was determined to be 21.16 g of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and 372.47 g of water.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze the antioxidative effects and antimicrobial activity of Omija. Total phenol contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $53.4{\pm}2.2tannic\;acid\;equivalent/mg$, and $47.9{\pm}2.1tannic\;acid\; equivalent/mg$, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $16.3{\pm}1.1naringin\;equivalent/mg$, and $13.1{\pm}1.4naringin\;equivalent/mg$, respectively. Electron donating ability of ethanol extract ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) of Omija was $5.1{\pm}0.4%$. This result was lower than the antioxidant vitamin (ascorbic acid: $96.4{\pm}0.6%$) and artificial antioxidant BHT ($70.0{\pm}0.5%$). Nitrite-scavenging abilities of Omija were lower than ascorbic acid and BHT. SOD-like activities of Omija extracts, natural antioxidant, and artificial antioxidant at 5 mg/mL were in the other of ascorbic acid ($99.0{\pm}0.5%$) > BHT ($72.6{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($16.3{\pm}0.4%$) > water extract ($14.4{\pm}0.3%$). The order of OH radical scavenging activities of Omija extracts and natural antioxidant at 5 mg/mL was ascorbic acid ($98.9{\pm}0.6%$) > tocopherol ($85.4{\pm}0.6%$) > water extract ($59.1{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($33.1{\pm}0.3%$). The results show that the antimicrobial effects of Omija could not be detected at both concentrations and extraction methods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.280-293
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• 2011

There is currently increased interest in the identification of antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. Plants produce significant amounts of antioxidants to prevent the oxidative stress caused by photons and oxygen, therefore they represent a potential source of new compounds with antioxidant activity. FARFARE FLOS has been frequently used on the respiratory system including bronchitis, phthisis. In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from FF was studied in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on Cu2+-induced human LDL oxidation. The FF extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation. And this study was designed to evaluate whether FFEA may ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammatory status through the antioxidative mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with FFEA significantly reduced LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the FF extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drug against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.496-505
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• 2009

The influence of roasting time on antibacterial and antioxidative effects of methanol and water coffee extracts was investigated. Extract yield differed with roasting time. The maximum yield of methanol extract was 20.02% and 24.00% at respective roasting times of 12 and 20 min. The maximum yield of water extracts was 2.70% and 18.58% at 5 and 25 min roasting time, respectively. Antibacterial effects of each extract were determined by the classical minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) paper disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of different coffee samples inhibited growth of various strains except Escherichia coli. Extracts obtained following roasting times of 12, 14, 16, 20, and 25 min in particular displayed the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Among these extracts, that obtained from 12 min roasted coffee samples produced a MIC of $16.125{\mu}g$/mL against S. aureus. Water extracts applied at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL were growth inhibitory except against Salmonella choleraesuis and Prevotella intermedia. However, growth inhibition by water extracts was weak, with inhibitory zones of only 6-8 mm diameter produced. Determinations of free radical elimination for the different coffee extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene positive controls. Methanol and water extracts of different coffee samples ($100{\mu}g$/mL) showed $67.1{\sim}92.3%$ and $66.4{\sim}93.3%$ radical scavenging activity, respectively. However, longer roasting time (especially >20 min) tended to somewhat lower free radical elimination using both extracts. Total phenol in different coffee samples measured by the Folin-Denis method revealed the highest level of phenol contents with non-roasted coffee, whereas phenol content differed with different roasting time, ranging from $87.{\sim}126.5\;mg/g$ in methanol extracts. In water extracts, the phenol content was maximum at 8 min roasting time, whereas in other samples the content was varied from $95.0{\sim}199.1\;mg/g$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.988-999
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• 2008

Objectives : The study was conducted to evaluate antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive effects of natural remedies. Alisma Rhizome (AR) has been used for a long time in Asia in folk remedies for treatment of hypertension and stroke and has been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of glycosuria, gonorrhea, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and jaundice and its diuretic effect. These pharmacological effects of AR might come from antioxidant properties of phytochemicals in these materials. Methods : In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from AR was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$ induced human LDL oxidation and on ACE. Results : The AR extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation and on ACE against all of the reactive species tested, with the water extract showing particularly strong antioxidant activities. Conculsions : The AR extracts have antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive effects in an in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effects such as the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugation reaction, inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation and the scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, as well as antimutagenic capacities as Ames test in ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus. Agaricus bisporus ethanol extracts inhibited $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation and scavenged DPPH radical. The $IC_{50}$ of Agaricus bisporus ethanol extracts were 78.63 mg/assay for inhibition of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, 4.06 mg/ assay for inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation and 1.08 mg/assay for scavenging effect on DPPH radical. So, among the methods used in this study, the most effective antioxidative capacity in ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus was the scavenging effect on DPPH radical. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effects on direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 and 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 were 100%. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine were 86.09% in the Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and 81.93% in the Salmonella Typhimurium TA100. The ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus showed considerable antioxidative activity and strong antimutagenic capacity.