• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

Objective : Effects of Gamibangpungtongseungsan on lipid composition and antioxidant system were investigated in rat fed high fat diet. Methods : We fed control group rats high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks, and experimental group rats high fat diet and administered extract of Gamibangpungtongseungsan for 8 weeks. Results : Body weight gain, concentration of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in Gamibangpungtongseungsan groups. However, the concentration of LDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to increase in Gamibangpungtongseungsan groups. Plasma and liver TBARS concentration showed a low values in Gamibangpungtongseungsan groups. Activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT showed a tendency to increase in Gamibangpungtongseungsan groups. Conclusions : These results indicate that Gamibangpungtongseungsan has a deep inhibitory effect on lipid composition and antioxidant system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

Objective: To examine the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Amomum xanthoides extract and its fractions. Methods: Methanol extract of Amomum xanthoides was fractionated into three fractions; petroleum ether fraction (PFAX), water fraction (WFAX) and ethyl acetate fraction (AFAX). The antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these fractions were compared by in vitro experiments. Results: The total phenols content and DPPH (1 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was found significant in AFAX when compared with other fractions (PFAX, WFAX). AFAX significantly inhibited NO production by RAW 264.7 cells in LPS-activated condition. In Hep $G_2$ cells, AFAX markedly prevented the leakage of LDH and release of AST against CCl4 challenge. Conclusion: Amomum xanthoides and especially ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 1995

The antioxidant activity and the pharmacologically active constituents such as nucleosides and phenolic substancs of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (white ginseng powder) treated with gamma irradiation (Rl group) and ethylene oxide fumigation (EO group) were compared with those of non-treated ginseng (control group). High performance liquid chromatograms of nucleosides in three groups were similar with each other. The bathochromic effect of phenolic substances at W absorption region tends to be higher for EO group than Rl group. This tendency was also observed in heat treatment of each group. However, the antioxidant activity may have some effects on the labile property of phenolic substances. In summary the gamma-irradiated ginseng was more stable than the ethylene oxide-treated ginseng, but both ginseng samples gave the similar antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.642-649
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• 2014

The antioxidant potentials of the methanol extract and its various fractions from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb were measured as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities as well as the reducing power decreasing NO in vitro. The methanol extract of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb showed significantly strong scavenging effects on free radicals of DPPH, ABTS, and NO. Hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EF) and n-butyl alcohol fraction (BF) were prepared by solvent fractionation. By comparison of polyphenol contents among BF and HF, EF with high polyphenol contents showed the highest DPPH, ABTS, and NO scavenging effects with the value of 50.2%, 80.4%, and 65.7%, respectively, at the highest tested dose. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds in EF of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. These results suggest that EF could be considered as natural antioxidant sources and dietary nutritional supplements to prevent oxidation-related diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 2020

The present study investigated the effects of dry and moist heat treatments on total phenols, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity levels in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits. Lyophilized chokeberry powder samples were heated in a drying oven at 60, 100, 160, 180, and 200℃ for 20, 40, or 60 min. Finely ground fresh chokeberry fruits were heated in water at 60, 80, and 100℃ for 20 min, and bioactive compound and antioxidant activity levels were measured. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity decreased with increasing temperature and treatment duration. Antioxidant activity was preserved at 160℃ or lower without significant loss for dry heating, whereas moist heat treatment increased both bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity with increasing temperature.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2010

Hawthorn fruit is a conventional medicine used in treating cardiovascular diseases. Its therapeutic effects may relate to its antioxidant compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-butanol and water fractions from 70% methanolic hawthorn fruit extract by total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and protective effect against hydroxyl-radical-induced DNA damage. Results showed that the EtOAc fraction contained significantly greater antioxidant activities than other fractions, which suggests that the potent EtOAc fraction should be used for further studies to identify the antioxidant compounds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2009

The potential use of 4 plant species, Astragalus membranaceus var. membranaceus, Senna occidentalis, Dianthus longicalyx and Plantago asiatica, as new sprout vegetables with high antioxidant function was examined in the present experiments. Seeds of above plants were allowed to germinate under light condition, and seedlings were maintained under dark condition for shoot growth in length for contain period of time. Then the seedlings were put under light for photosynthesis (greening treatment) for the period of 0${\sim}$3 days. Samples were collected to analyze the changes in antioxidant levels and activity, and it was observed that antioxidant substances were affected by greening treatments, depending on plant species. In A. membranaceus, the contents of total polyphenol was highest with no greening, total flavonoids with 3 days greening, DPPH radical scavenging effects with no greening, ABTS scavenging with 1 day greening, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effects with no greening, and inhibitory activity against linoleic acid peroxidation with 3 day greening. In S. occidentalis, highest levels of antioxidant activity and radical scavenging effects were obtained by 2 day greening, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effects by no greening and inhibitory activity against linoleic acid peroxidation by 1 day greening. In D. longicalyx, highest levels of antioxidant activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effects were obtained by 2 day greening, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effects by no greening and inhibitory activity against linoleic acid peroxidation by 1 day greening. In D. longicalyx, highest levels antioxidant activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effects were observed with 3 day greening, and highest radical scavenging effects and inhibitory activity against linoleic acid peroxidation with no greening treatment. In P. asiatica, antioxidant activity and radicals scavenging effects were highest with 2 day greening, whereas highest chelating effects was obtained with no greening and highset inhibitory activity against linoleic acid peroxidation with 3 day greening. As the length of greening treatments influenced the antioxidant levels and function in plant species tested in this experiments, different culture methods are recommended for different plant species to get maximum health benefits out of sprout vegetables.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1151-1155
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• 2008

This study aimed to investigate the alterations in plasma antioxidant activity after the consumption of a single oral dose of curcumin, vitamin C, and E administered individually or in combination to (i) assess possible synergies or antagonism between the antioxidants and (ii) determine the optimal composition of the antioxidant mixture such that the duration of action is prolonged to beyond that of individual antioxidants. Each antioxidant was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats, and blood samples were drawn at different time points up to 180 min to measure the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Five antioxidant compositions (M1-M5) were evaluated to assess the possible synergies or antagonisms among them and to determine the optimal composition of the antioxidant mixture. Blood samples were collected up to 360 min post-consumption. A single oral dose of individual antioxidants significantly increased the TAC values; however, the time to reach the peak TAC value varied. Among the 5 antioxidant compositions, M2 exhibited the highest and most prolonged antioxidant effect in plasma; this was greater than the proportional sum of the effects of the individual antioxidants in the composition. This result indicates a synergistic interaction among antioxidants in the optimal composition M2.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2010

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressor that is widely used in transplant surgery and the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. However, major side effects of CsA such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases have substantially limited its usage. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not clearly understood, there is some evidence that suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In parallel, protective effects of various antioxidants have been demonstrated by many research groups. Extensive studies of CsA-induced nephrotoxcity have confirmed that the antioxidants can restore the damaged function and structure of kidney. Subsequently, there have appeared numerous reports to demonstrate the positive antioxidant effects on liver and other organ damages by CsA. It may be timely to review the ideas to envisage the relationship between ROS and the CsA-induced toxicity. This review is comprised of a brief description of the immunosuppressive action and the secondary effects of CsA, and a synopsis of reports regarding the antioxidant treatments against the ROS-linked CsA toxicity. A plethora of recent reports suggest that antioxidants can help reduce many CsA's adverse effects and therefore might help develop more effective CsA treatment regimens.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.359-368
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• 2022

In this study, the quality characteristics of kimchi, such as its salinity, pH, and acidity, were measured and compared, and the HT-29 human colon cancer cells were used to show the anticancer effects of kimchi. The kimchi samples used herein included standard kimchi (SK), turnip kimchi (TK), and turnip-powder-added kimchi (TPK). The measured pH and acidity of TK and TPK showed no significant differences with those of SK. Compared to SK and TK, TPK had higher DPPH scavenging activity and higher total flavonoid content, confirming its antioxidant activity. The cancer cell growth inhibition rates of TK and TPK were significantly higher than that of SK. In HT-29 cells treated with TPK, the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptosis-related gene, was lower, and the mRNA expressions of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bad, and caspase-9 were higher. TPK showed significantly higher levels of mRNA expressions for the cell-cycle-related genes p53 and p21 than the other samples, in addition to suppression effects on cancer cell proliferation. Compared to SK, TK and TPK suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells and showed higher anticancer effects. Therefore, it is shown that kimchi with added turnip powder had high anticancer effects.