• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

This article described the development of transparent antimicrobial oxo-biodegradable (AOB) film with the function of enhanced freshness of food by employing oxo-biodegradable masterbatch (MB) and antimicrobial MB together with organic metal salt, organic acid, or unsaturated fatty acid. Antibacterial test of the AOB film with the different contents of the antimicrobial MB resulted in the significant freshness extension of plum. Tensile strength and elongation rate of the AOB films before UV treatment were similar to those of polyethylene films used as control. The reduced mechanical properties of AOB film after UV treatment (340 nm) suggested that the AOB film could be degraded by oxo biodegradation. The developed AOB films can effectively prevent decomposition of food by providing antibacterial function and preserving freshness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antimutagenic and anticancer effects and dyeing properties of the fermented indigo extract. The physiological effects of natural color extracts from colorant plants(gardenia, beet and indigo) were studied. The methanol extract of indigo showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli and Staph. aureus, and also showed a strong antimicrobial effect on Trich. mentagrophytes compared to others. The methanol extract of indigo showed antimutagenic activities against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The proliferation of Clone M-3 mouse melanoma cells and A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells was inhibited by the methanol extract of indigo. So we decided to use natural indigo for dyeing the fabrics because of those effects. Dried indigo leaves were fermented at variouss temperature and the fermented indigo was reduced by using alkaline(NaOH, Ca(OH)2) and glucose to dye the fabrics. The values of K/S fermented indigo showed the highest value when it was fermented at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The indigo fermented at 3$0^{\circ}C$ had the greatest number of total bacterial counts and we identified one of the main microorganisms as Aspergillus niger. This microorganism was responsible for the indigo fermentation and accelerated indigo fermentation. So it can be supposed to reduce the fermentation period of indigo by inoculating Aspergillus niger into the indigo leaves at 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2017

Opuntia cactus grows in the southern part of Korea, Geoje Island, Jeju Island, and South Coast. The flowers bloom around April to May of each year, and purple berries ripen around November to December. It has been widely used in home medicine since ancient times and it has great effects on blood circulation, detoxification, analgesia and antioxidant activity. In this study, we tried to demonstrate antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities of Opuntia monacantha Haw., and also grasp the value as a functional raw material. As a result, a strong antioxidative effect was confirmed by extracting taxifolin which is an antioxidative substance in Opuntia monacantha Haw. In the antidiabetic function test, a high level of antidiabetic function was confirmed when compared to that of using a commercially available diabetic drug. In addition, as a result of the antimicrobial effect measurement, it showed a strong antimicrobial activity on E.coli and Salmonella, and proved the excellent value of Opuntia manacantha Haw. as a functional ingredient.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.625-631
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• 2002

The effect of combinations of 8 antimicrobial agents on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus was investigated with the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) and ${\Sigma}FIC$ index. According to the ${\Sigma}FIC$ values by. The American Society for Microbiology and Berenbaum, Approximately 34% and 82% of the combinations were synergistic respectively. Partial synergy described by Isenberg was also observed in the half of the combinations. There was a tendency for additive antimicrobial effect against cariogenic bacteria though the test results showed difference according to the applied values. It may be beneficial to use combined antimicrobial agents that have various activities against an ecosystem and metabolism of bacteria than using individual agents.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.603-607
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• 2003

Abstract Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of proteins whose functions are still unknown. Some are proposed to have antimicrobial activities. To understand whether LTP110, a rice LTP that we previously identified from rice leaves, plays a role in the protection function against some serious rice pathogens, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of LTP110. A cDNA sequence, encoding the mature peptide of LTP110, was cloned into the Impact-CN prokaryotic expression system. The purified protein was used for an in vitro inhibition test against rice pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. The results showed that LTP110 inhibited the germination of Pyricularia oryzae spores, and its inhibitory activity decreased in the presence of a divalent cation. This suggests that the antifungal activity is affected by ions in the media; LTP110 only slightly inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae. However, the addition of LTP110 to cultured Chinese hamster ovarian cells did not retard growth, suggesting that the toxicity of LTP110 is only restricted to some cell types. Its antimicrobial activity is potentially due to interactions between LTP and microbe-specific structures.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.582-588
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• 2016

Seventy-nine Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater from Gomso Bay, west coast of Korea, were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes and their susceptibility to 30 different antimicrobials. All 79 isolates were examined for the presence of two virulence genes (tdh or trh) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); however, no isolates possessed either the tdh or trh gene. According to a disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, and vancomycin, followed by ticarcillin (97.5%), ampicillin (96.2%), clindamycin (86.1%), erythromycin (10.1%), streptomycin (7.6%), cefoxitin (6.3%), amikacin (2.5%), and cephalothin (2.5%). However, all of the strains were susceptible to 19 other antimicrobials including cefepime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. All 79 isolates (100%) were resistant to four or more classes of antimicrobials, and two strains exhibited resistance to eight antimicrobial agents. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for V. parahaemolyticus for ampicillin, penicillin, ticarcillin, and vacomycin were 946.5, 1,305.9, 1,032.3, and 45.0 µg/mL, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of riding mare in Jangsu stud farm during March to September, 2014. The specimens were collected from vaginal and uterus using a swab from 104 riding mares. Colonies were selected on blood and MacConkey agar plates, and identified as standard biochemical properties and Maldi-Tof MS. From this study, we isolated 148 strains including Escherichia (E.) coli (14.19%), Streptococcus (S.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus (2.7%), Streptococcus (S.) dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (2.03%), Klebsiella (K.) pneumonia (1.35%) and other strains from riding mares. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it showed a high sensibility to the antibiotics of the most. E. coli and S. zooepidemicus were visible to have a high sensibility to almost antibiotics used in this study. However, K. pnemoniae showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive diseases in riding mares in Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.502-510
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• 2017

This study investigated bacterial growth-inhibitory effect of 69 therapeutic herbal plants extracts on 9 bacterial strains using a disc diffusion assay. Especially, the antimicrobial activity of Psoraleae semen, which showed different activity on pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was evaluated by MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) and biofilm formation assay. The effect of Psoraleae semen extract on bacterial cell membranes was examined by measurement of protein leakage (optical density at 280 nm) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). No clear zone was formed on discs containing Gram-negative bacteria, but Gram-positive bacteria exhibited clear zones. The MICs of Psoraleae semen extract were $8{\mu}g/mL$ for Streptococcus mutans, and $16{\mu}g/mL$ for Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, biofilm formation was inhibited at concentration $8-16{\mu}g/mL$. Protein leakage values and SEM images revealed that cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria were impaired following exposure to the extract. Further, the extract inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sausages. These results indicate that Psoraleae semen extract could be utilized as a natural antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.6 s.91
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• pp.16-24
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to improve the defects of chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon by ECH and to describe the change of hand of chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon fabrics. The chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon were manufactured by crosslinking process using ECH as crosslinking agent, 2 wt% aqueous acetic acid as a solvent of chitosan and ECH, and 20 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide as crosslinking catalyst. Viscose rayon were first immersed in the pad bath of the mixed solution of chitosan and ECH, padded up to 100 wt% wet pick-up on weight of fiber(owf), precured on pin frames at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes, immersed in NaOH solution and finally wash and dry. Antimicrobial properties of the viscose rayon treated with chitosan were measured by the shake flask C.T.M. 0923 test method with staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) as the microorganism. When the concentration of chitosan was increased chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon's LT, WT, B, 2HB and MIU were increased and G, 2HG, SMD, T and $T_m$ were decreased. On the other hand, WT, EM were decreased and RT was increased at $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ ECH. The optimum condition for crosslinking was that ECH concentration was between $1{\times}10^{-2}M\;and\;5{\times}10^{-2}M$. Antimicrobial effects of rayon fabric treated with chitosan was excellent.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of Thoroughbred mare in Jeju province during March and July, 2006. The specimens were collected from vaginal ucosa and clitorial fossa using a culture swab (BBL, USA) from 100 Thoroughbred mares. Colonies were selected blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified as standard biochemical properties using Biolog system (Thermo, USA). In this study, 470 gram-negative strains were isolated more frequently than 249 gram-positive strains. We were Isolated Escherichia coli (19.8%), Proteus mirabillis (14.9%), Enterobacter nimipressuralis (7.4%), Enterobacter mobilis (4.7%), Aeromonas encheleia (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus spp. (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.2%), Enterococcus faecium (8.0%), Actinomyces viscosus (7.2%), Micoroccus diversus(6.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(5.2%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (3.2%), Other non-beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (2.0%) and many others from vaginal mucosa and clitorial fossa in Thoroughbred mares. No significant bacteria (Taylorella equigenitalis and Klebsiella pneumonia) were isolated from the mare genital tract. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it shows a high sensibility in the antibiotics of the most which excepts the streptomycin and neomycinm, kanamycin, spectinomycin, compound sulfonamides. Especially, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were visible a high sensibility in the all antibiotics. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and E. coli were showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive disease in Thoroughbred mares in Korea.