• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.479-485
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• 2005

The 994 throat swabs obtained from 688 adults and 306 children patients with respiratory diseases were examined for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by culture method. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the resulting 123 M. pneumoniae isolates were evaluated by testing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin, minocycline, tetracycline, josamycin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin by a broth micro-dilution method. The erythromycin resistant strains of M. pneumoniae was determined above $1.0{\mu}g/ml$ of MIC for erythromycin. The erythromycin resistant strains of M. pneumoniae was confirmed resistant gene mutation of the portions of genes 23S rRNA (domain II and V), and ribosomal protein 14 and L22 by PCR amplified and their nucleotide sequenses were compared to those of the susceptible strain M129. The isolation rate of M. pneumoniae was $12.9\%$ (89/688) for the adults and $11.1\%$ (34/306) for the children. The $MICs_{90}$ of the M. pneumoniae isolates were $0.12{\mu}g/ml$ for minocycline, $0.25{\mu}g/ml$ for sparfloxacin, $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and tetracycline, respectively, and $2.0{\mu}g/ml$ for josamycin and erythromycin, respectively. The isolation rate of erythromycin resistant M. pneumoniae from patients was $49.4\%\;(44/89)$ for the adults, $47.1\%\;(16/34)$ for children, and $48.8\%\;(60/123)$ for the total. No mutation could be detected in the ribosomal protein L22 region, but all strains were mutated in the ribosomal protein L4 as two point mutation M144V. Two point mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA were selected in the presense of erythromycin resistant M. pneumoniae isolates, such as one strain was G2057C mutant, two strains were A2059C mutants, three strains were C2611G mutants, four strains were A2058C mutants, five strains were A2058T mutants, twenty strains were A2059G mutants, and twenty-five strains were A2058G mutants, respectively. These results show that erythromycin was not the most active compound against M. pneumoniae infection in Korea and clinical studies of macrolides in human patients are demanded.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2005

H. pylori strains were isolated from antral biopsies taken during upper endoscopy in 114 dyspeptic patients with no previous therapy against H. pylori. Rapid urease test, PCR amplification of SSA and cagA gene for H. pylori detection, and Western blot for CagA expression detection were performed. H. pylori infected patients were treated with omeprazole, clarithromycin (a macrolide), and amoxicillin. At 6 weeks after the discontinuation of therapy, the bacterial eradication rate was determined by endoscopy. The resistance rate to clarithromycin and amoxicillin was $20.2\%$ and $0.0\%$, respectively. The clarithromycin resistance was mainly caused by the A2142G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori. MICs of clarithromycin for the A2142G mutant isolates were significantly higher than MICs for the A2143G mutant isolates. H. pylori eradication was obtained in all patients with clarithromycin-susceptible isolates but not in patients with clarithromycin-resistant isolates (P = 0.0001). These results did not appear to be biased by any differences in CagA expression. The resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin included in the therapeutic regimens is the most important reason for treatment failure. H. pylori antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the gastric biopsy culture should be performed before choosing the first triple therapy in infected patients and the increase in prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in Korea was problematic.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.683-691
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure the yield and to evaluate the physiological activity of Cannabis sativa seed(Hemp seed) extracts extracted using a density fluctuation supercritical carbon dioxide for each temperature condition-30℃(HSSE30), 45℃(HSSE45), 60℃(HSSE60), and to enable dissolution of the poorly water-soluble extracts by liposome formulation and to enhance the skin permeability. As a result of the yield measurement, HSSE60 showed the highest yield, and in the antioxidant activities, HSSE45 had the highest total polyphenol content, and showed the highest DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activities at the highest concentration of the extracts. As a result of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, a clear zone appeared only in the Propionibateium acnes strain. It was confirmed that particle size was reduced and the absolute value of the zeta potential increased in the case of the formulation in which the extracts were in liposomes than in the formulation in which the extracts were dissolved in deionized water, and the skin permeability was improved. Based on these experimental results, we confirmed the possibility of using the hemp seed supercritical carbon dioxide extracts, a poorly water-soluble extract, can be applied as a functional natural material for cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

This study examined the fecal samples of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius coreae) captured in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Fecal samples, including the colon and other intestinal organs, were collected and subjected to aerobic culture to investigate the distribution of intestinal microorganisms. Gram staining of the aerobic cultured bacterial colonies from 36 fecal samples revealed the predominant presence of gram-negative bacilli in all samples. Among the 36 samples, gram-negative bacilli were identified in 36 strains (100%), gram-positive cocci in 21 strains (58.3%), and gram-positive bacilli in 15 strains (41.7%), while no gram-negative cocci were observed. The gram-negative bacilli cultured from the 36 samples were identified using the Vitek 2 system, and all were determined to be Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. In addition, one sample was concurrently identified with E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the identified E. coli strains did not include all antibiotics, but one strain exhibited intermediate resistance to cefoxitin. No pathogenic bacteria were present in the fecal samples of the scrub typhus-infected rodents, which are vectors for chigger-borne diseases affecting humans and animals.