• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.sup1
• /
• pp.98-102
• /
• 2009

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.224-229
• /
• 2018

Background: The patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are known to have a high incidence of breakthrough nausea and vomiting due to the conditioning regimen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of antiemetic therapy for breakthrough nausea and vomiting in patients receiving HSCT and to propose an effective treatment regimen. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 109 adult patients. The collected data were used to identify (1) antiemetic and dosing regimens prescribed for controlling breakthrough nausea and vomiting, (2) the rate of patients who developed breakthrough nausea and vomiting, and (3) the percent of antiemetics prescribed on the day of symptom onset. Based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline, we assessed the suitability of antiemetics for breakthrough nausea and vomiting, and prescription timing. Results: All patients were prescribed pro re nata antiemetics. About 40.0%, 41.4%, and 18.6% of patients were using one, two, and three or more additional drugs for breakthrough nausea and vomiting, respectively. The most frequently administered drugs were intravenous metoclopramide (43.8%) and granisetron patch (36.2%). Breakthrough nausea and vomiting occurred in 87 patients (79.1%) and they developed symptoms 320 cases. About 220 cases (68.8%) were treated with additional antiemetics on the day of symptom onset and the rate of symptom resolution was only 10.3% (9 patients). Conclusion: The breakthrough nausea and vomiting in patients receiving HSCT occurred very frequently and was hard to control, thus requiring more rapid and aggressive treatments.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.65 no.6
• /
• pp.853-860
• /
• 2022

Objective : This prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic ramosetron administration against postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD). Methods : In this study, 100 patients undergoing MVD were randomly allocated to the control (normal saline, 2 mL) or ramosetron (ramosetron, 0.3 mg) groups at the end of surgery. The incidence and severity of PONV, need for rescue antiemetics, patient satisfaction score, duration of hospital stay, and the occurrence of adverse events were evaluated 48 hours post-surgery. Results : Data obtained from 97 patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the ramosetron group than in the control group throughout the 48-hour postoperative period (29.2% vs. 51.0%, p=0.028). A similar trend was observed with regard to PONV severity (p=0.041). The need for rescue antiemetics, satisfaction score, duration of hospital stays, and the occurrence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion : Prophylactic ramosetron administration reduced the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing MVD without causing serious adverse events. Thus, ramosetron use may improve patient recovery following MVD.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 1997

Background : This study was designed to evaluate the continuous effects of single intravenous injection of antiemetics on nausea and vomiting during continuous morphine injection for postoperative pain control. Methods : Prior to the study, we divided patients into two major groups according to the type of surgery performed intra-abdominal(Open: O) and non intra-abdominal(Close: C). When patients regained orientation after routine general anesthesia, enflurane-$O_2-N_2O$, we injected bolus dose of morphine and started continuous injection of morphine for postoperative pain control(Group I; Control). After bolus injection and just before continuous injection, we injected single dose of droperidol(Group II) or ondansetron(Group III). Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pain score and symptom-therapy score were checked at 10 minutes, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36 hours after continuous morphine injection. Results : The pain score of group III was lower than group II(10 min.) and group I(24, 36 hours) in the open group. Symptom-therapy score of group III(10 min., 4, 24 hours) and group II(10 min.) were lower than group I in the open group. In the close group, symptom-therapy score of group III(8 hours) was lower than group I. Conclusions : Single intravenous injection of antiemetics have a tendency of lowering symptom-therapy score for 36 hours in spite of their relatively short elimination half-life.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2015

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postanesthetic shivering and pain are common postoperative patient complaints that can result in adverse physical and psychological outcomes. Some antiemetics are reported to be effective in the management of postoperative pain and shivering, as well as PONV. We evaluated the efficacy of dexamethasone added to ramosetron on PONV, shivering and pain after thyroid surgery. Methods: One hundred and eight patients scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly allocated to three different groups: the control group (group C, n = 36), the ramosetron group (group R, n = 36), or the ramosetron plus dexamethasone group (group RD, n = 36). The patients were treated intravenously with 1 and 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl (group C); or 2 ml of 0.15 mg/ml ramosetron plus 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl (group R); or 2 ml of 0.15 mg/ml ramosetron plus 1 ml of 5 mg/ml dexamethasone (group RD) immediately after anesthesia. Results: Incidence of nausea and the need for rescue antiemetics, verbal rating scale (VRS) 1 hour pain value, ketorolac consumption, and incidence of shivering were significantly lower in group R and group RD, than in group C (P < 0.05). Moreover, these parameters were significantly lower in group RD than in group R (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Combination of ramosetron and dexamethasone significantly reduced not only the incidence of nausea and need for rescue antiemetics, but also the VRS 1 hour pain value, ketorolac consumption, and the incidence of shivering compared to ramosetron alone in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 1994

Many types of drugs affect functions of tile gastrointestinal tract. Investigators may be interested in discovery or pharmacological characterization of drugs as therapeutic agents intended for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders or in identification of gastrointestinal side effects of drugs intended for non-gastrointestinal indications. Examples of drug categories often associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects include cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics (erythromycin in particular), anti-inflammatory drugs, antiemetics, analgesics (especially opiates), antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Whether tile objective is development of gastrointestinal therapeutic agents or evaluation of gastrointestinal side effects, appropriate laboratory models for experimentation are essential.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare desflurane anesthesia with desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia by measuring postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Data were collected using a random double blind method. The experimental group treated with desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia had a total of 25 patients. The control group had 20 patients who were treated with desflurane anesthesia. Pain (VAS), pushing PCA button, nausea and vomiting (VAS) were assessed at PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) arrival, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min in PACU and 2 hrs, 6 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs in ward. INVR was assessed at 24 hrs. Extra analgesics and extra antiemetics were measured in PACU and the ward. Data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measure using ANOVA. Results: The experimental group presented with more postoperative pain (F=7.55, p<.001) than the control group. The experimental group took more extra analgesics in PACU and pressed the PCA button more often for 6 hours. The experimental group complained more postoperative nausea (F=2.11, p=.043) than the control group and took extra antiemetics during postoperative period of 24 hours. Conclusion: We conclude that desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia needs better management than desflurane anesthesia due to increased pain, nausea & vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.255-258
• /
• 2000

Epidural morphine is effective in the treatment of postoperative pain, but side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urinary retention commonly occur. Droperidol is frequently used as an antiemetic to prevent intraoperative and postoperative vomiting. But it has been reported to cause acute extrapyramidal effects including dystonia. We report one case of acute dystonia in young adult following the use of epidural droperidol.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2009

Hysterectomy can lead to various symptoms threatening decent quality of life. As the frequency of hysterectomy increases, there are many patients who want to take oriental medicine treatments for complications. Several clinical studies have reported the effectiveness of oriental medicine treatment for post-hysterectomy complications. Out of these symptoms, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV, hereafter) are indicated at about 20-40% of frequency within patients with general anesthesia, and they may occur not only during recovery from operation, but also after discharge. Although the incidence of PONV has decreased now thanks to the usage of antiemetics, PONV still causes some difficulties for patients returning to daily life. This study reports two cases of post-hysterectomy complications such as nausea, dizziness, vomiting, general weakness, and coldness of the limbs, which had good responses to herbal medication and acupuncture.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.3-9
• /
• 2018

Long QT syndrome is a cardiac repolarization disorder and is associated with an increased risk of torsades de pointes. The acquired form is most often attributable to administration of specific medications and/or electrolyte imbalance. This review provides insights into the risk for QT prolongation associated with drugs frequently used in the treatment of chronic pain. In the field of pain medicine all the major drug classes (i.e. NSAIDs, opioids, anticonvulsive and antidepressant drugs, cannabinoids, muscle relaxants) contain agents that increase the risk of QT prolongation. Other substances, not used in the treatment of pain, such as proton pump inhibitors, antiemetics, and diuretics are also associated with long QT syndrome. When the possible benefits of therapy outweigh the associated risks, slow dose titration and electrocardiography monitoring are recommended.